{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:29:46Z","timestamp":1792189786097,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K08EY027458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08EY027458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY007003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY007003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T22:11:51Z","timestamp":1606169511000},"page":"108368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Retinal safety evaluation of photoacoustic microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanxiu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Phuc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naheed Wali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0615-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannis M.","family":"Paulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib1","series-title":"American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers: ANSI Z136.1","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9101(2000)27:5<451::AID-LSM1006>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Origin of retinal pigment epithelium cell damage by pulsed laser irradiance in the nanosecond to microsecond time regimen","volume":"27","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laser Surg. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02343045","article-title":"Retinal damage and laser-induced breakdown produced by ultrashort-pulse lasers","volume":"234","author":"Cain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200206000-00014","article-title":"Thresholds for retinal injury from multiple near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses","volume":"82","author":"Cain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000270","article-title":"Photoacoustic ocular imaging","volume":"35","author":"de la Zerda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20022","article-title":"Influence of pulse duration and pulse number in selective RPE laser treatment","volume":"34","author":"Framme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laser Surg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.395683","article-title":"Deep learning improves contrast in low-fluence photoacoustic imaging","volume":"11","author":"Hariri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.3.036005","article-title":"In vivo photoacoustic imaging of chorioretinal oxygen gradients","volume":"23","author":"Hariri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Optic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.000001","article-title":"Label-free photoacoustic ophthalmic angiography","volume":"35","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib10","first-page":"126","article-title":"Photoacoustic imaging in ophthalmology","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol. Eye Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(72)90143-5","article-title":"A schematic eye for the rabbit","volume":"12","author":"Hughes","year":"1972","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.003217","article-title":"Retinal safety evaluation of two-photon laser scanning in rats","volume":"10","author":"Jayabalan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04334-z","article-title":"In vivo photoacoustic imaging of anterior ocular vasculature: a random sample consensus approach","volume":"7","author":"Jeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.003967","article-title":"Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging","volume":"18","author":"Jiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optic Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08982-z","article-title":"Dynamic, heterogeneous endothelial Tie 2 expression and capillary blood flow during microvascular remodeling","volume":"7","author":"Kelly-Goss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep-Uk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R59","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/19\/R01","article-title":"Photoacoustic tomography and sensing in biomedicine","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107714","article-title":"Real-time OCT guidance and multimodal imaging monitoring of subretinal injection induced choroidal neovascularization in rabbit eyes","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2014.04.003","article-title":"In vivo corneal neovascularization imaging by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2016.05.001","article-title":"Photoacoustic imaging of the eye: a mini review","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib20","first-page":"3865","article-title":"Noninvasive in vivo imaging of oxygen metabolic rate in the retina","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ieee Eng Med Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib21","first-page":"97","article-title":"Thermal and mechanical mechanisms in laser damage to the retina","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42324-5","article-title":"Contrast agent enhanced multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography for imaging of rabbit choroidal and retinal vessels in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47062-2","article-title":"High-resolution multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography image-guided laser induced branch retinal vein occlusion in living rabbits","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.11.004","article-title":"Retinal light damage: mechanisms and protection","volume":"29","author":"Organisciak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib25","article-title":"Evaluation of short pulse laser damage to the retinal pigment epithelium layer: a key point for the assessment of devices using the nanosecond regime","author":"Pavone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care VI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib26","first-page":"287","article-title":"Development of the rabbit retina .1. Size of eye and retina, and postnatal cell-proliferation","volume":"183","author":"Reichenbach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170050067","article-title":"Therapeutic range of repetitive nanosecond laser exposures in selective RPE photocoagulation","volume":"236","author":"Roider","year":"1998","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.002851","article-title":"Quantifying melanin concentration in retinal pigment epithelium using broadband photoacoustic microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Shu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106005","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.10.106005","article-title":"Monte Carlo investigation on quantifying the retinal pigment epithelium melanin concentration by photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy","volume":"20","author":"Shu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Optic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201200061","article-title":"Multimodal photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy in mouse","volume":"6","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biophot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib31","article-title":"A combined method to quantify the retinal metabolic rate of oxygen using photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep-Uk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15947","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.015947","article-title":"Noninvasive chorioretinal imaging in living rabbits using integrated photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optic Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009179107","article-title":"Receptor interacting protein kinases mediate retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor necrosis and compensate for inhibition of apoptosis","volume":"107","author":"Trichonas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340.2011.601331","article-title":"Image chorioretinal vasculature in albino rats using photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy","volume":"58","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mod. Optic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201200060","article-title":"Photoacoustic microscopy","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Photon Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1220","article-title":"Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultralow energy photoacoustic microscopy for ocular imaging in vivo","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Optic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-018-0093-y","article-title":"High-resolution, in vivo multimodal photoacoustic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence microscopy imaging of rabbit retinal neovascularization","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483520306266?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483520306266?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T05:10:06Z","timestamp":1757999406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483520306266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0014483520306266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Retinal safety evaluation of photoacoustic microscopy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108368"}}