{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:50:52Z","timestamp":1786989052048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007745","name":"Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T09:23:30Z","timestamp":1612862610000},"page":"108488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Morphological factors associated with giant vacuoles with I-pores in Schlemm's canal endothelial cells of human eyes: A serial block-face scanning electron microscopy study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Swain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy Duong","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senila","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganimete","family":"Lamaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00538-9","article-title":"The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 7. The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration","volume":"130","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib1","first-page":"1661","article-title":"The relationship between pore density and outflow facility in human eyes","volume":"33","author":"Allingham","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib2","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Freeze-fracture studies of interendothelial junctions in the angle of the human eye","volume":"36","author":"Bhatt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(70)80030-6","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopic studies of the canal of Schlemm","volume":"10","author":"Bill","year":"1970","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.08.003","article-title":"Biomechanical strain as a trigger for pore formation in Schlemm's canal endothelial cells","volume":"127","author":"Braakman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.11.008","article-title":"Colocalization of outflow segmentation and pores along the inner wall of Schlemm's canal","volume":"130","author":"Braakman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.01.008","article-title":"Variations in active outflow along the trabecular outflow pathway","volume":"146","author":"Cha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib7","first-page":"6","article-title":"NCMIR methods for 3D EM: a new protocol for preparation of biological specimens for serial block face scanning electron microscopy","author":"Deerinck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib8","first-page":"2041","article-title":"Two pore types in the inner-wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal","volume":"39","author":"Ethier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2005.01466.x","article-title":"Reconstruct: a free editor for serial section microscopy","volume":"218","author":"Fiala","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Microsc. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib10","series-title":"Current Developments in Glaucoma Surgery and MIGS","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomy of the conventional aqueous outflow pathway","author":"Gong","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1958.00940080541001","article-title":"Further studies on facility of flow through the trabecular meshwork","volume":"60","author":"Grant","year":"1958","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960040789022","article-title":"Experimental aqueous perfusion in enucleated human eyes","volume":"69","author":"Grant","year":"1963","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(75)90284-6","article-title":"Pressure-induced changes in the ultrastructure of the endothelium lining Schlemm's canal","volume":"80","author":"Grierson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(77)90857-1","article-title":"Light microscopic quantitation of the endothelial vacuoles in Schlemm's canal","volume":"84","author":"Grierson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1978.tb03813.x","article-title":"Pressure effects on flow channels in the lining endothelium of Schlemm's canal. A quantitative study by transmission electron microscopy","volume":"56","author":"Grierson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406980","article-title":"Associations between the cells of the walls of Schlemm's canal","volume":"208","author":"Grierson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Albrecht Von Graefes Arch. Klin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.058","article-title":"Aqueous angiography: aqueous humor outflow imaging in live human subjects","volume":"124","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001042","article-title":"Fluorescein aqueous angiography in live normal human eyes","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(72)90394-7","article-title":"Aqueous humor pathways through the trabecular meshwork and into Schlemm's canal in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca iris): an electron microscopic study","volume":"73","author":"Inomata","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib21","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Mechanisms and routes of aqueous humor drainage","author":"Johnson","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib22","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Modulation of outflow resistance by the pores of the inner wall endothelium","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib23","first-page":"2950","article-title":"The pore density in the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal of glaucomatous eyes","volume":"43","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(73)91145-8","article-title":"Pressure-dependent changes in structures of the aqueous outflow system of human and monkey eyes","volume":"75","author":"Johnstone","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib25","first-page":"517","article-title":"Ultrastructural variability of the juxtacanalicular tissue along the inner wall of Schlemm's canal","volume":"25","author":"Koudouna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26011","article-title":"The role of schlemm's canal endothelium cellular connectivity in giant vacuole formation: a 3D electron microscopy study","volume":"60","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib27","series-title":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, Vancouver, Canada","first-page":"3182","article-title":"Changes in pore densities of the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal with increasing pressures using 3D serial block-face scanning electron microscopy","author":"Le","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410037","article-title":"Pressure effects on the endothelium of the trabecular wall of Schlemm's canal: a study by scanning electron microscopy","volume":"196","author":"Lee","year":"1975","journal-title":"Albrecht Von Graefes Arch. Klin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.10.018","article-title":"The mechanism of increasing outflow facility by rho-kinase inhibition with Y-27632 in bovine eyes","volume":"86","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.05.012","article-title":"Similar hydrodynamic and morphological changes in the aqueous humor outflow pathway after washout and Y27632 treatment in monkey eyes","volume":"93","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(89)80060-0","article-title":"The pressures in the episcleral veins, Schlemm's canal and the trabecular meshwork in monkeys: effects of changes in intraocular pressure","volume":"49","author":"Maepea","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(92)90151-H","article-title":"Pressures in the juxtacanalicular tissue and Schlemm's canal in monkeys","volume":"54","author":"Maepea","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.11.033","article-title":"The changing paradigm of outflow resistance generation: towards synergistic models of the JCT and inner wall endothelium","volume":"88","author":"Overby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.5.389","article-title":"Number of people with glaucoma worldwide","volume":"80","author":"Quigley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib36","first-page":"52","article-title":"Paracellular route of aqueous outflow in the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm: a freeze-fracture study of the endothelial junctions in the sclerocorneal angle of the macaque monkey eye","volume":"21","author":"Raviola","year":"1981","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.08.002","article-title":"Relationships between increased aqueous outflow facility during washout with the changes in hydrodynamic pattern and morphology in bovine aqueous outflow pathways","volume":"89","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib38","first-page":"133","article-title":"Pore structures of the endothelial cells of the aqueous outflow pathway: scanning electron microscopy","volume":"17","author":"Segawa","year":"1973","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(71)80073-8","article-title":"Mechanism of the aqueous outflow across trabecular wall of Schlemm's canal","volume":"11","author":"Tripathi","year":"1971","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.56.3.157","article-title":"Aqueous outflow pathway in normal and glaucomatous eyes","volume":"56","author":"Tripathi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Increased stiffness and flow resistance of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal in glaucomatous human eyes","author":"Vahabikashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122483","article-title":"Mapping molecular differences and extracellular matrix gene expression in segmental outflow pathways of the human ocular trabecular meshwork","volume":"10","author":"Vranka","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22759","article-title":"Biomechanical rigidity and quantitative proteomics analysis of segmental regions of the trabecular meshwork at physiologic and elevated pressures","volume":"59","author":"Vranka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5859","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10930","article-title":"Effects of Y27632 on aqueous humor outflow facility with changes in hydrodynamic pattern and morphology in human eyes","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0733","article-title":"Mechanical responsiveness of the endothelial cell of Schlemm's canal: scope, variability and its potential role in controlling aqueous humour outflow","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483521000531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483521000531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T05:10:46Z","timestamp":1757999446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483521000531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0014483521000531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphological factors associated with giant vacuoles with I-pores in Schlemm's canal endothelial cells of human eyes: A serial block-face scanning electron microscopy study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108488","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108488"}}