{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:15:31Z","timestamp":1784128531903,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO028-2015A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO028-2015A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T01:43:11Z","timestamp":1629510191000},"page":"108734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identification of potential serum metabolic biomarkers for patient with keratoconus using untargeted metabolomics approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Ai Lin","family":"Daphne Teh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime Jacqueline","family":"Jayapalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun Fai","family":"Loke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azida Juana","family":"Wan Abdul Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Visvaraja","family":"Subrayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000479158","article-title":"Clinical metabolomics and glaucoma","volume":"59","author":"Barbosa-Breda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38369","article-title":"The antifibrotic effects of plasminogen activation occur via prostaglandin E2 synthesis in humans and mice","volume":"120","author":"Bauman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-019-0158-z","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and rehabilitation of the traumatically injured patient","volume":"7","author":"Bentley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2015.07.004","article-title":"Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health","volume":"101","author":"Castro-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0036-8","article-title":"Corneal topography in keratoconus: state of the art","volume":"3","author":"Cavas-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02499-y","article-title":"Dysregulation of amino acids and lipids metabolism in schizophrenia with violence","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib7","article-title":"Biomarker identification and pathway analysis by serum metabolomics of lung cancer","volume":"183624","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_2","article-title":"Collection and preparation of clinical samples for metabolomics","volume":"965","author":"Chetwynd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty528","article-title":"MetaboAnalystR: an R package for flexible and reproducible analysis of metabolomics data","volume":"34","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/mcs.a000588","article-title":"Metabolomics: an emerging but powerful tool for precision medicine","volume":"1","author":"Clish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Mol. Case Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2144\/000112196","article-title":"Sampling and analytical strategies for biomarker discovery using mass spectrometry","volume":"40","author":"Conrads","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b10078","article-title":"Decomposition of pyruvic acid on the ground-state potential energy surface","volume":"120","author":"da Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-019-0185-3","article-title":"Cancer metabolomic markers in urine: evidence, techniques and recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Dinges","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1559-5","article-title":"Untargeted metabolomic analysis of coronary artery disease patients with diastolic dysfunction show disturbed oxidative pathway","volume":"15","author":"Fatima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.63","article-title":"Keratoconus: an inflammatory disorder?","volume":"29","author":"Galvis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Keratoconus: is it a non-inflammatory disease?","volume":"6","author":"Gatzioufas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Hypothesis, Discov. Innovation (MEHDI) Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-017-0130-7","article-title":"Promises and pitfalls of untargeted metabolomics","volume":"41","author":"Gertsman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.015","article-title":"Age-specific incidence and prevalence of keratoconus: a nationwide registration study","volume":"175","author":"Godefrooij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.116054","article-title":"Epidemiology of keratoconus","volume":"61","author":"Gokhale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2007.05.005","article-title":"Sex differences in the relationship between DHEAS and health","volume":"42","author":"Goldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408","article-title":"Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.04.012","article-title":"Targeted biochemical profiling of brain from Huntington's disease patients reveals novel metabolic pathways of interest","volume":"1864","author":"Graham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2015.1053490","article-title":"The longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid metabolomic profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Gray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.02.005","article-title":"Sex hormone receptors in the human eye","volume":"50","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12147","article-title":"The prevalence of keratoconus in a young population in Mashhad, Iran","volume":"34","author":"Hashemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib26","series-title":"Wilson and Walker's Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","author":"Hofmann","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s41664-020-00126-z","article-title":"Challenges in analysis of hydrophilic metabolites using chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Test."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4285268","article-title":"Overexpression of tear inflammatory cytokines as additional finding in keratoconus patients and their first-degree family members","volume":"2018","author":"Ionescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.03.004","article-title":"Metabolic characterization of human aqueous humor in relation to high myopia","volume":"159","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.06.024","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of keratoconus in rural Maharashtra in Central India: the Central India eye and medical study","volume":"148","author":"Jonas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304132","article-title":"Evaluation of corneal elevation, pachymetry and keratometry in keratoconic eyes with respect to the stage of Amsler-Krumeich classification","volume":"98","author":"Kamiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","article-title":"Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04608","article-title":"In vitro model suggests oxidative stress involved in keratoconus disease","volume":"4","author":"Karamichos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.01.007","article-title":"Tear metabolite changes in keratoconus","volume":"132","author":"Karamichos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9010021","article-title":"Metabolomics biomarkers of prostate cancer: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Kdadra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1408-y","article-title":"Metabolomic characterization of hypertension and dyslipidemia","volume":"14","author":"Ke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90817-2","article-title":"A 48-year clinical and epidemiologic study of keratoconus","volume":"101","author":"Kennedy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199705000-00016","article-title":"Abnormalities of the extracellular matrix in keratoconus corneas","volume":"16","author":"Kenney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7803029","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7803029","article-title":"Molecular and histopathological changes associated with keratoconus","volume":"2017","author":"Khaled","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90094-8","article-title":"Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders","volume":"28","author":"Krachmer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib42","first-page":"238","article-title":"Metabolic changes in donor corneas during cold storage \u2013 challenging stereotypes","volume":"2","author":"Kryczka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integrative Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2001.0216","article-title":"DHEA and its transformation into androgens and estrogens in peripheral target tissues: Intracrinology","volume":"22","author":"Labrie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177749","article-title":"Human plasma metabolomics in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"12","author":"La\u00edns","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9040068","article-title":"Drying enhances signal intensities for global GC-MS metabolomics","volume":"9","author":"Liebeke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbw114","article-title":"Genome, transcriptome and proteome: the rise of omics data and their integration in biomedical sciences","volume":"19","author":"Manzoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55952-8","article-title":"Untargeted LC-HRMS-based metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers of metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00edn-Bl\u00e1zquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_649_17","article-title":"Cornea and anterior eye assessment with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, confocal microscopy, and ultrasound biomicroscopy","volume":"66","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1551-0","article-title":"Impact of sample preparation upon intracellular metabolite measurements in 3D cell culture systems","volume":"15","author":"Mathon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib50","first-page":"20","article-title":"Slit-lamp biomicroscopy \u2014 Part 1","volume":"232","author":"McAllister","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.02009.x","article-title":"2008 Sir Norman McAlister Gregg Lecture: 150 years of practical observations on the conical cornea--what have we learned?","volume":"37","author":"McGhee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25534","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25534","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic pathways linked to keratoconus: implications for the role of hormones in the stromal microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"McKay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2011.560747","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of keratoconus in Jerusalem: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Millodot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib54","series-title":"Advances in Vision Research","article-title":"Keratoconus: globally and in the Middle East (epidemiology, genetics, and future research)","author":"Mousa","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib55","series-title":"Plant Metabolomics and Quality Evaluation of Herbal Drugs, Quality Control and Evaluation of Herbal Drugs: Evaluating Natural Products and Traditional Medicine","first-page":"629","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.88563","article-title":"Metabolomics: basic principles and strategies","author":"Nalbantoglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine. IntechOpen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1991.tb04857.x","article-title":"A clinical comparison of optical and ultrasonic pachometry","volume":"69","author":"Nissen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00066","article-title":"Gonadal hormones and retinal disorders: a review","volume":"9","author":"Nuzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201100466","article-title":"Effects of freeze-drying of samples on metabolite levels in metabolome analyses","volume":"34","author":"Oikawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Separ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03728","article-title":"Comparing blood versus tissue-based biomarkers expression in breast cancer patients","volume":"6","author":"Oloomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101812010289","article-title":"Epidemiology of keratoconus worldwide","volume":"12","author":"Omer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225129","article-title":"Plasma metabolites as possible biomarkers for diagnosis of breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1515","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 induction attenuates corneal inflammation and accelerates wound healing after epithelial injury","volume":"49","author":"Patil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9060108","article-title":"Translational metabolomics: current challenges and future opportunities","volume":"9","author":"Pinu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib65","first-page":"25","article-title":"Keratoconus and inflammatory processes","volume":"262","author":"Pouliquen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Belge Ophtalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2018.01.023","article-title":"DHEA modulates immune function: a review of evidence","volume":"108","author":"Prall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vitam. Horm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050659","article-title":"Evaluation of the lactate pro blood lactate analyser","volume":"82","author":"Pyne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0293-4","article-title":"Procedure for tissue sample preparation and metabolite extraction for high-throughput targeted metabolomics","volume":"8","author":"R\u00f6misch-Margl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib70","first-page":"17","article-title":"Hormone and eye disease","volume":"1","author":"Rusciano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R139","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-16-0013","article-title":"Novel mechanisms for DHEA action","volume":"56","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1067","article-title":"Regulation of leukotriene b4 secretion by human corneal, conjunctival, and meibomian gland epithelial cells","volume":"130","author":"Sahin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.124388","article-title":"Oestrogen-induced changes in biomechanics in the cornea as a possible reason for keratectasia","volume":"91","author":"Spoerl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.37","article-title":"Introduction to metabolomics and its applications in ophthalmology","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.05.012","article-title":"Metabolomics workflow for lung cancer: discovery of biomarkers","volume":"495","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib76","first-page":"294","article-title":"Metabolomics for the masses: the future of metabolomics in a personalized world","volume":"3","author":"Trivedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Horiz. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1308","article-title":"Global metabolite analysis of yeast: evaluation of sample preparation methods","volume":"22","author":"Villas-B\u00f4as","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.07.007","article-title":"Analytical approaches to metabolomics and applications to systems biology","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-016-0074-x","article-title":"Metabolomics in cancer biomarker research","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208752","article-title":"Metabolomic investigations in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Willkommen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115870","article-title":"Bladder cancer biomarker discovery using global metabolomic profiling of urine","volume":"9","author":"Wittmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122933","article-title":"Metabolomic signature discriminates normal human cornea from keratoconus-a pilot GC\/MS study","volume":"25","author":"Wojakowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1021\/ac504118y","article-title":"Avoiding misannotation of in-source fragmentation products as cellular metabolites in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics","volume":"87","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib84","first-page":"5089","article-title":"Altered expression of sex hormone receptors in keratoconus corneas","volume":"28","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20151207-10","article-title":"Keratoconus progression induced by in vitro fertilization treatment","volume":"32","author":"Yuksel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.10.027","article-title":"Recent and potential developments of biofluid analyses in metabolomics","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014309","article-title":"Targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease in southern China","volume":"98","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21795","article-title":"Prostaglandin (PG)E2 exhibits antifibrotic activity in vocal fold fibroblasts","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734_bib89","article-title":"Ample evidence: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) conversion into activated steroid hormones occurs in adrenal and ovary in female rat","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483521003006?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483521003006?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T05:12:41Z","timestamp":1757999561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483521003006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S0014483521003006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of potential serum metabolic biomarkers for patient with keratoconus using untargeted metabolomics approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108734","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108734"}}