{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:49:49Z","timestamp":1789778989776,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":337,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 EY030923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 EY030923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY034486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY034486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY31815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY31815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T02:06:01Z","timestamp":1698458761000},"page":"109703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between macrophage-like cell density and ischemia metrics in diabetic eyes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Jay B.","family":"Bisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis J.","family":"Heisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon V.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Fukuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazi O.","family":"Boughanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani A.","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-1336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Lavine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-016-1433-0","article-title":"CX3CR1 deficiency accelerates the development of retinopathy in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes","volume":"94","author":"Beli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.193","article-title":"Standard Care vs corticosteroid for retinal vein occlusion (SCORE) study system for evaluation of stereoscopic color fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms: SCORE study report 9","volume":"128","author":"Blodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol-chic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.6.48","article-title":"Imaging of macrophage-like cells in living human retina using clinical OCT","volume":"61","author":"Castanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8154","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10290","article-title":"Retinal thickness in people with diabetes and minimal or No diabetic retinopathy: Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Chalam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investigative Opthalmology Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.007","article-title":"Geometric perfusion deficits: a novel OCT angiography biomarker for diabetic retinopathy based on oxygen diffusion","volume":"222","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.04.003","article-title":"Macular perfusion deficits on OCTA correlate with non-perfusion on ultrawide-field FA in diabetic retinopathy","author":"Decker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.05.034","article-title":"Quantitative ultra-widefield angiography and diabetic retinopathy severity an assessment of panretinal leakage index, ischemic index and microaneurysm count","volume":"126","author":"Ehlers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)38013-0","article-title":"Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study research group","volume":"98","author":"Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.004710","article-title":"Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography","volume":"20","author":"Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60547","article-title":"Label-free imaging of immune cell dynamics in the living retina using adaptive optics","volume":"9","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.3.16","article-title":"Assessing the accuracy of foveal avascular Zone measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography: segmentation and scaling","volume":"6","author":"Linderman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Imaging of vitreous cortex hyalocyte dynamics using non-confocal quadrant-detection adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy in human subjects","author":"Migacz","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Optical Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177059","article-title":"OCT-angiography: a qualitative and quantitative comparison of 4 OCT-A devices","volume":"12","author":"Munk","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.05.028","article-title":"Deep capillary geometric perfusion deficits on OCT angiography detect clinically referable eyes with diabetic retinopathy","author":"Nesper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.05.028","article-title":"Deep capillary geometric perfusion deficits on OCT angiography detect clinically referable eyes with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"6","author":"Nesper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.06.018","article-title":"Deep capillary nonperfusion on OCT angiography predicts complications in eyes with referable nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.10.2","article-title":"Macrophage-like cell density is increased in proliferative diabetic retinopathy characterized by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"62","author":"Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02562-3","article-title":"Macrophages in close proximity to the vitreoretinal interface are potential biomarkers of inflammation during retinal vascular disease","volume":"19","author":"Rajesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108508","article-title":"Chemokine mediated monocyte trafficking into the retina: role of inflammation in alteration of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"9","author":"Rangasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05860-w","article-title":"CCR2-positive monocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of early diabetic retinopathy in mice","volume":"66","author":"Saadane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.3130","article-title":"Association of ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography\u2013identified retinal nonperfusion and the risk of diabetic retinopathy worsening over time","volume":"140","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jama Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.10.5","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic macular edema eyes","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1043","article-title":"Patrolling monocytes are recruited and activated by diabetes to protect retinal microvessels","volume":"69","author":"Tecilazich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02794-8","article-title":"Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are two factors that increase macrophage-like cell density characterized by en face optical coherence tomography","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32455-1","article-title":"Elevated number and density of macrophage-like cell as a novel inflammation biomarker in diabetic macular edema","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep-uk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","article-title":"Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales","volume":"110","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0247","article-title":"Identifying hyperreflective foci in diabetic retinopathy via VEGF-induced local self-renewal of CX3CR1+ vitreous resident macrophages","volume":"71","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19776","article-title":"Automated quantification of nonperfusion in three retinal plexuses using projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112793","article-title":"Macrophage-like cells are increased in patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy and correlate with macular edema","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001448352300324X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001448352300324X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T05:25:25Z","timestamp":1758000325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001448352300324X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S001448352300324X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between macrophage-like cell density and ischemia metrics in diabetic eyes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109703","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109703"}}