{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:49:43Z","timestamp":1791600583494,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":259,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005049","name":"Science and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMR\/2017\/000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMR\/2017\/000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/4\/6\/1\/OPH\/2015-NCD-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/4\/6\/1\/OPH\/2015-NCD-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T12:37:18Z","timestamp":1736512638000},"page":"110236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["miRNAs, piRNAs, and lncRNAs: A triad of non-coding RNAs regulating the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy and their therapeutic potentials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"251","author":[{"given":"Muthuramalingam","family":"Karpagavalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manavi D.","family":"Sindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayamuruga Pandian","family":"Arunachalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3180-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subbulakshmi","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12412","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: loss of neuroretinal adaptation to the diabetic metabolic environment","volume":"1311","author":"Abcouwer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-016-0352-8","article-title":"VEGF-A\/VEGFR2 signaling network in endothelial cells relevant to angiogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Abhinand","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3944","article-title":"Examining the utility of patient-derived xenograft mouse models","author":"Aparicio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146484","article-title":"The Piwi-piRNA pathway provides an adaptive defense in the transposon arms race","author":"Aravin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16027","article-title":"Regulatory noncoding RNAs: functions and applications in health and disease","author":"Arraiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy187","article-title":"Use and application of 3D-organoid technology","author":"Artegiani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.01.001","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of long non-coding RNAs in cancer","author":"Arun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.15.37","article-title":"The role of piRNA and its potential clinical implications in cancer","author":"Assump\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/adna.20911","article-title":"Targeting pre-miRNA by peptide nucleic acids: a new strategy to interfere in the miRNA maturation","volume":"3","author":"Avitabile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Artif. DNA PNA XNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib10","article-title":"MiRNA-138-5p protects the early diabetic retinopathy by regulating NOVA1","volume":"23","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib11","article-title":"Integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion and retinal leukostasis in diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Barouch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.14.116","article-title":"MiRNA-based therapies: strategies and delivery platforms for oligonucleotide and non-oligonucleotide agents","author":"Baumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/417986","article-title":"Caspase-14 expression impairs retinal pigment epithelium barrier function: potential role in diabetic macular edema","author":"Beasley","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2015","article-title":"Non-coding rnas in development and disease: background, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"96","author":"Beermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13050800","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis of the interaction of miRNAs and piRNAs with human mRNA genes having di-and trinucleotide repeats","volume":"13","author":"Belkozhayev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1842872","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in diabetic retinopathy: an overview of pathogenesis and investigational drugs","author":"Bhatwadekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib17","article-title":"M\u00fcller glial cells in retinal disease","author":"Bringmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.01.035","article-title":"Upregulation of long non-coding RNA SNHG16 promotes diabetes-related RMEC dysfunction via activating NF-\u03baB and PI3K\/AKT pathways","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2039206","article-title":"MiR-181 enhances proliferative and migratory potentials of retinal endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy by targeting KLF6","volume":"47","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01559-x","article-title":"MiR-221\/SIRT1\/Nrf2 signal axis regulates high glucose induced apoptosis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28755","article-title":"MiR-455-5p ameliorates HG-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory via targeting SOCS3 in retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"234","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2019-0174","article-title":"MiR-126 targets IL-17A to enhance proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib23","article-title":"miRNA-124 prevents rat diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the microglial inflammatory response","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91141","article-title":"Retinal metabolism displays evidence for uncoupling of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation via Cori-, Cahill-, and mini-Krebs-cycle","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102417","article-title":"Emerging roles of piRNAs in cancer: challenges and prospects","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21083013","article-title":"Role of non-coding RNAs in lung circadian clock related diseases","author":"Chinnapaiyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib27","first-page":"339","article-title":"Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems","author":"Cong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22725","article-title":"Role of miRNAs in immune responses and immunotherapy in cancer","author":"Cortez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13631","article-title":"MicroRNA-146 inhibits thrombin-induced NF-\u03baB activation and subsequent inflammatory responses in human retinal endothelial cells","volume":"55","author":"Cowan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-019-00240-w","article-title":"Down-regulation of miR-377 suppresses high glucose and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and inflammation in human retinal endothelial cells by direct up-regulation of target gene SIRT1","volume":"32","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000455265","article-title":"Mechanisms of retinal fluid accumulation and blood-retinal barrier breakdown","volume":"58","author":"Cunha-Vaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.20206","article-title":"RNA mediated Toll-like receptor stimulation in health and disease","author":"Dalpke","year":"2012","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(90)90211-C","article-title":"Increases in collagen type IV and laminin in galactose-induced retinal capillary basement membrane thickening-Prevention by an aldose reductase inhibitor","volume":"50","author":"Das","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib34","article-title":"Delivering the promise of RNA therapeutics","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702138","article-title":"Determination of vitreous interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"20","author":"Demircan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.598391","article-title":"Altered expression of PIWI RNA in the rat brain after transient focal ischemia","volume":"42","author":"Dharap","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2022.02.006","article-title":"Emerging concepts of miRNA therapeutics: from cells to clinic","author":"Diener","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1632350","article-title":"MiR-30a regulates S100A12-induced retinal microglial activation and inflammation by targeting NLRP3","volume":"44","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-018-1184-1","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate Amadori-glycated albumin-induced MCP-1 expression in retinal microglia by a microRNA-124-dependent mechanism","volume":"67","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18224","article-title":"miR-124 regulates amadori-glycated albumin-induced retinal microglial activation and inflammation by targeting Rac1","volume":"57","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib41","article-title":"Cytokines in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"114","author":"El Asrar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51703-x","article-title":"Let-7 regulates cell cycle dynamics in the developing cerebral cortex and retina","volume":"9","author":"Fairchild","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2010.217","article-title":"Evidence for RPGRIP1 gene as risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"19","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.12.032","article-title":"VEGF-A is necessary and sufficient for retinal neuroprotection in models of experimental glaucoma","volume":"182","author":"Foxton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.016","article-title":"Suppressing long noncoding RNA OGRU ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation via miR-320\/USP14 axis","volume":"169","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28978","article-title":"miR-152\/LIN28B axis modulates high-glucose-induced angiogenesis in human retinal endothelial cells via VEGF signaling","volume":"121","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.08.015","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of microRNAs in differentiation","author":"Galagali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-0576-y","article-title":"The piRNA CHAPIR regulates cardiac hypertrophy by controlling METTL3-dependent N 6-methyladenosine methylation of Parp10 mRNA","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib49","series-title":"An Integrated Approach to Diabetic Retinopathy Research","author":"Gardner","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.033548","article-title":"Reduced response of retinal vessel diameters to flicker stimulation in patients with diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Garh\u00f6fer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202153801","article-title":"Piwil2 (Mili) sustains neurogenesis and prevents cellular senescence in the postnatal hippocampus","volume":"24","author":"Gasperini","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1856365","article-title":"RNA therapeutics for retinal diseases","author":"Gemayel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib53","article-title":"Retinal neurovascular coupling in diabetes","author":"Gerhard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2504","article-title":"Small silencing RNAs: an expanding universe","author":"Ghildiyal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01703","article-title":"LncRNA TDRG1-mediated overexpression of VEGF aggravated retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib56","series-title":"Roles of miRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs in the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy 0","first-page":"1","author":"Gong","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14369","article-title":"Enhanced ROBO4 is mediated by up-regulation of HIF-1\u03b1\/SP1 or reduction in miR-125b-5p\/miR-146a-5p in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"23","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27825","article-title":"MiR-590-3p inhibits pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy by targeting NLRP1 and inactivating the NOX4 signaling pathway","volume":"60","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2044734","article-title":"MiR-192 attenuates high glucose-induced pyroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells via inflammasome modulation","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-020-09863-0","article-title":"piRNAs: biogenesis and their potential roles in cancer","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401589","article-title":"Nerve growth factor prevents both neuroretinal programmed cell death and capillary pathology in experimental diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Hammes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0454","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: targeting vasoregression","author":"Hammes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110593","article-title":"piRNA-guided intron removal from pre-mRNAs regulates density-dependent reproductive strategy","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00089.2020","article-title":"DNMT1-mediated lncRNA MEG3 methylation accelerates endothelialmesenchymal transition in diabetic retinopathy through the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"320","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e318194a6e8","article-title":"Manufacturing validation of biologically functional T cells targeted to CD19 antigen for autologous adoptive cell therapy","volume":"32","author":"Hollyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0435","article-title":"The exosome-transmitted lncRNA LOC100132249 induces endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"72","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib67","article-title":"Expression of Robo4 in the fibrovascular membranes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its role in RF\/6A and RPE cells","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.06.005","article-title":"MicroRNA-145 attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal endothelial cells through regulating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"207","author":"Hui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2002.6745","article-title":"Magic roundabout is a new member of the roundabout receptor family that is endothelial specific and expressed at sites of active angiogenesis","volume":"79","author":"Huminiecki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008144","article-title":"microRNAs as developmental regulators","volume":"7","author":"Ivey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2010.06.012","article-title":"MicroRNAs as regulators of differentiation and cell fate decisions","author":"Ivey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060614-034258","article-title":"PIWI-interacting RNA: its biogenesis and functions","volume":"84","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101336","article-title":"Inhibiting microRNA-144 potentiates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant signaling in RPE and protects against oxidative stress-induced outer retinal degeneration","volume":"28","author":"Jadeja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9071208","article-title":"The regulation and role of pirnas and piwi proteins in cancer","volume":"9","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2012.36","article-title":"Regulation of small RNA stability: methylation and beyond","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.18.10242","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: direct neuroprotective effect in in vitro ischemia","volume":"97","author":"Jin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib77","article-title":"Robo4 stabilizes the vascular network by inhibiting pathologic angiogenesis and endothelial hyperpermeability","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-1476fje","article-title":"A central role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"18","author":"Joussen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Faseb. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64869-9","article-title":"Retinal vascular endothelial growth factor induces intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and initiates early diabetic retinal leukocyte adhesion in vivo","volume":"160","author":"Joussen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110410-132541","article-title":"Uniting germline and stem cells: the function of piwi proteins and the pirna pathway in diverse organisms","volume":"45","author":"Juliano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw039","article-title":"High-resolution analysis of the human retina miRNome reveals isomiR variations and novel microRNAs","volume":"44","author":"Karali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MO00122A","article-title":"piRNAs in the human retina and retinal pigment epithelium reveal a potential role in intracellular trafficking and oxidative stress","author":"Karpagavalli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Omics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003273","article-title":"Protein kinase C beta (PKC beta): normal functions and diseases","volume":"132","author":"Kawakami","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib84","series-title":"Journal of Physiology","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cells in diabetes","author":"Kern","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0434-06.2006","article-title":"Human vascular endothelial growth factor protects axotomized retinal ganglion cells in vivo by activating ERK-1\/2 and Akt pathways","volume":"26","author":"Kilic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090398","article-title":"Inhibition of protein kinase C \u03b4 attenuates blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"176","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.014","article-title":"A neuronal piRNA pathway inhibits axon regeneration in C. elegans","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06765","article-title":"Sequence- and target-independent angiogenesis suppression by siRNA via TLR3","volume":"452","author":"Kleinman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9272","article-title":"Piwi-interacting RNAs and PIWI genes as novel prognostic markers for breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Krishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2010.529976","article-title":"Pathogen recognition by the innate immune system","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004","article-title":"Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease","author":"Kur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301837110","article-title":"Conserved microRNA pathway regulates developmental timing of retinal neurogenesis","volume":"110","author":"La Torre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00809-6","article-title":"Identification of tissue-specific MicroRNAs from mouse","volume":"12","author":"Lagos-Quintana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10873","article-title":"Neurovascular dysfunction precedes neural dysfunction in the retina of patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Lasta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.209841.112","article-title":"Piwi induces piRNA-guided transcriptional silencing and establishment of a repressive chromatin state","volume":"27","author":"Le Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5960","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal function and flicker light-induced retinal vascular response in normotensive patients with diabetes without retinopathy","volume":"52","author":"Lecleire-Collet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib97","author":"Lee"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0380-1","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA-Sox2OT knockdown alleviates diabetes mellitus-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271221099589","article-title":"MiR-200c-3p regulates pyroptosis by targeting SLC30A7 in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103857","article-title":"Targeting long noncoding RNA-AQP4-AS1 for the treatment of retinal neurovascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164117749382","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 inhibits the apoptosis of retina M\u00fcller cells after diabetic retinopathy through regulating miR-497\/brain-derived neurotrophic factor axis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib102","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA BDNF-AS inversely regulated BDNF and modulated high-glucose induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"119","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00021.2018","article-title":"RNA sequencing identified specific circulating mirna biomarkers for early detection of diabetes retinopathy","volume":"315","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21008","article-title":"Dynamic responses in retinal vessel caliber with flicker light stimulation and risk of diabetic retinopathy and its progression","volume":"58","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-015-9990-z","article-title":"MicroRNA-29 regulates high-glucose-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through PTEN","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4140","article-title":"MicroRNAs and other non-coding RNAs as targets for anticancer drug development","author":"Ling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.032","article-title":"RNCR3 knockdown inhibits diabetes mellitus-induced retinal reactive gliosis","volume":"479","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib108","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy: beyond the surface","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.10.052","article-title":"Serum microRNA-211 as a biomarker for diabetic retinopathy via modulating Sirtuin 1","volume":"505","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib110","article-title":"MicroRNA-15b participates in diabetic retinopathy in rats through regulating IRS-1 via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203630","article-title":"piRNA-36741 regulates BMP2-mediated osteoblast differentiation via METTL3 controlled m6A modification","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1052-9","article-title":"The emerging role of the piRNA\/piwi complex in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2020.104445","article-title":"microRNA-216a protects against human retinal microvascular endothelial cell injury in diabetic retinopathy by suppressing the NOS2\/JAK\/STAT axis","volume":"115","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122217","article-title":"MiR-423-5p promotes M\u00fcller cell activation via targeting NGF signaling in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"334","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2012.02445.x","article-title":"Comparison of retinal vasodilator and constrictor responses in type 2 diabetes","volume":"90","author":"Lott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105520","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in diabetic vascular complications","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107886","article-title":"Repression of microRNA-21 inhibits retinal vascular endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis via PTEN dependent-PI3K\/Akt\/VEGF signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"190","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.05.008","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MEG3 inhibits apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium cells induced by high glucose via the miR-93\/nrf2 Axis","volume":"190","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4069","article-title":"Correlation between retinal oscillatory potentials and retinal vascular caliber in type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Luu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib120","article-title":"Changes in the small noncoding RNAome during M1 and M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib121","first-page":"339","article-title":"RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9","author":"Mali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.045","article-title":"Small RNAs as guardians of the genome","author":"Malone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0927","article-title":"Influence of flickering light on the retinal vessels in diabetic patients","volume":"30","author":"Mandecka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080705","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles and microrna: putative role in diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy","author":"Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib125","article-title":"Enhanced expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin in the diabetic human retina and choroid","volume":"147","author":"McLeod","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303265","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates endothelial cell function and vessel growth","volume":"114","author":"Michalik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112561118","article-title":"Fractalkine-induced microglial vasoregulation occurs within the retina and is altered early in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"118","author":"Mills","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2158","article-title":"Inhibition of natural antisense transcripts in vivo results in gene-specific transcriptional upregulation","volume":"30","author":"Modarresi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3197-9","article-title":"MiR-195 regulates SIRT1-mediated changes in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"57","author":"Mortuza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2023.106805","article-title":"12-HETE activates M\u00fcller glial cells: the potential role of GPR31 and miR-29","author":"Moustafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostag. Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23543","article-title":"miR-30a-5p inhibition promotes interaction of Fas+ endothelial cells and FasL+ microglia to decrease pathological neovascularization and promote physiological angiogenesis","volume":"67","author":"Murinello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10921","article-title":"MicroRNA-200b downregulates oxidation resistance 1 (Oxr1) expression in the retina of type 1 diabetes model","volume":"54","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040783","article-title":"Inflammation regulates the multi-step process of retinal regeneration in Zebrafish","author":"Nagashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0195","article-title":"Glial cell regulation of neuronal activity and blood flow in the retina by release of gliotransmitters","volume":"370","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.145","article-title":"Functional hyperemia and mechanisms of neurovascular coupling in the retinal vasculature","author":"Newman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0075","article-title":"Flicker light-induced retinal vasodilation in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-021-00239-1","article-title":"Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets","author":"Nian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye and Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9376","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA RPSAP52 upregulates Timp3 by serving as the endogenous sponge of microRNA-365 in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"20","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12530","article-title":"Neuronal activity-dependent regulation of retinal blood flow","author":"Noonan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.786","article-title":"Silencing of microRNA families by seed-targeting tiny LNAs","volume":"43","author":"Obad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202153062","article-title":"piRNA\u2010 and siRNA\u2010mediated transcriptional repression in Drosophila , mice, and yeast: new insights and biodiversity","volume":"22","author":"Onishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0550","article-title":"The unconventional role of acid sphingomyelinase in regulation of retinal microangiopathy in diabetic human and animal models","volume":"60","author":"Opreanu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00051.2020","article-title":"Overexpression of histone deacetylase SIRT1 exerts an antiangiogenic role in diabetic retinopathy via miR-20a elevation and YAP\/HIF1a\/VEGFA depletion","volume":"319","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib145","article-title":"piRNA generation is associated with the pioneer round of translation in stem cells","volume":"52","author":"Parambil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.620249","article-title":"MiRNA regulatory functions in photoreceptors","author":"Pawlick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3260","article-title":"Reduced retinal vessel response to flicker stimulation but not to exogenous nitric oxide in type 1 diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Pemp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101828","article-title":"Identification of pirna targets in urinary extracellular vesicles for the diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl015","article-title":"Synergistic action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lens injury promotes retinal ganglion cell survival, but leads to optic nerve dystrophy in vivo","volume":"129","author":"Pernet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0340-2","article-title":"Analysis of piRNA-like small non-coding RNAs present in axons of adult sensory neurons","volume":"55","author":"Phay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib151","article-title":"Relationship between miR-375 regulating Ndrg2\/IL-6\/STAT3 signaling pathway and diabetic retinopathy in rats","volume":"24","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174937","article-title":"LncRNAS\u2014modulators of neurovascular units in diabetic retinopathy","author":"Pu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmw065","article-title":"MiR-20b targets AKT3 and modulates vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated changes in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"48","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.01.164","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA-MEG3 is involved in diabetes mellitus-related microvascular dysfunction","volume":"471","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-024-00009-2","article-title":"The role of microglia in the development of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"2","author":"Quiriconi","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Metabolic Health and Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0375","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 and regulation of the antioxidant defense system in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"70","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.057","article-title":"A role for neuronal piRNAs in the epigenetic control of memory-related synaptic plasticity","volume":"149","author":"Rajasethupathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.24955","article-title":"The human transcriptome is enriched for miRNA-binding sites located in cooperativity-permitting distance","volume":"10","author":"Rinck","year":"2013","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52709-4","article-title":"piRNAs are regulators of metabolic reprogramming in stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Rojas-R\u00edos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib160","article-title":"Review review series: small RNA development of microRNA therapeutics is coming of age","volume":"6","author":"Rooij","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14234","article-title":"Endocytosis of tight junctions caveolin nitrosylation dependent is improved by cocoa via opioid receptor on RPE cells in diabetic conditions","volume":"55","author":"Rosales","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01172","article-title":"Relationships between neurodegeneration and vascular damage in diabetic retinopathy","author":"Rossino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib163","article-title":"Fibronectin overexpression in retinal microvessels of patients with diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Roy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib164","article-title":"Glial reactivity, an early feature of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"41","author":"Rungger-Br\u00e4ndle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.246","article-title":"MicroRNA therapeutics: towards a new era for the management of cancer and other diseases","author":"Rupaimoole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19782","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase-2\u2013induced hyperpermeability in human retinal vascular endothelial cells is suppressed by microRNA-146b-3p","volume":"58","author":"Samra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6649222","article-title":"MiR-126 mimic counteracts the increased secretion of VEGF-A induced by high glucose in ARPE-19 cells","author":"Sanguineti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1453","article-title":"Functional and structural findings of neurodegeneration in early stages of diabetic retinopathy: cross-sectional analyses of baseline data of the EUROCONDOR project","volume":"66","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020107134","article-title":"LncRNA VEAL2 regulates PRKCB2 to modulate endothelial permeability in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"40","author":"Sehgal","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.09.017","article-title":"microRNA therapeutics in cancer \u2014 an emerging concept","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109713","article-title":"Hyperglycemia-induced miR182-5p drives glycolytic and angiogenic response in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and RPE cells via depleting FoxO1","volume":"238","author":"Shanbagh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00611-y","article-title":"microRNAs in action: biogenesis, function and regulation","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28344","article-title":"KCNQ1OT1 affects the progression of diabetic retinopathy by regulating miR-1470 and epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"234","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.02.002","article-title":"Identification of piRNA binding sites reveals the argonaute regulatory landscape of the C. elegans germline","volume":"172","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib175","article-title":"Chemically modified platforms for better RNA therapeutics","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib176","article-title":"Expression and cellular localization of microRNA-29b and RAX, an activator of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"17","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.04.003","article-title":"Novel approaches for treating diabetic retinopathy based on recent pathogenic evidence","author":"Sim\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy: does it really matter?","author":"Sim\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5483791","article-title":"Metronomic chemotherapy: a systematic review of the literature and clinical experience","author":"Simsek","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-017-0048-y","article-title":"PIWI-like protein, HIWI2 is aberrantly expressed in retinoblastoma cells and affects cell-cycle potentially through OTX2","volume":"22","author":"Sivagurunathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2906-8","article-title":"Possible role of HIWI2 in modulating tight junction proteins in retinal pigment epithelial cells through Akt signaling pathway","volume":"427","author":"Sivagurunathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.08.018","article-title":"PIWI-like protein, HIWI2: a novel player in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"177","author":"Sivagurunathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.017","article-title":"The role of non-coding RNAs in oncology","author":"Slack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14030","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs and immune checkpoints\u2014clinical implications as cancer therapeutics","author":"Smolle","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522014113","article-title":"Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus","volume":"113","author":"Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050010055018","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity in diabetics with and without background retinopathy","volume":"103","author":"Sokol","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0568","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor is induced by long-term high glucose concentration and up-regulated by acute glucose deprivation in cultured bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cells","volume":"221","author":"Sone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17676","article-title":"Role of glial cells in regulating retinal blood flow during flicker-induced hyperemia in cats","volume":"56","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28485-9","article-title":"Heterogeneity and interplay of the extracellular vesicle small RNA transcriptome and proteome","volume":"8","author":"Sork","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13175","article-title":"Identification of a synergistic interaction between endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"21","author":"Spencer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001","article-title":"The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"51","author":"Stitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.001","article-title":"Rationale and application of the protocol S anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor algorithm for proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"126","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/08977194.2022.2077732","article-title":"miR-146a suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26233-8","article-title":"Coupled protein synthesis and ribosome-guided piRNA processing on mRNAs","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib195","article-title":"MicroRNA-29b-3p inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA and PDGFB in retinal microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2049471","article-title":"Astragaloside-IV alleviates high glucose-induced ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells by disrupting the expression of miR-138-5p\/Sirt1\/Nrf2","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4797-6","article-title":"lncRNA H19 prevents endothelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"62","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29716","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits M\u00fcller cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production via upregulating the MEG3\/miR-204\/Sirt1 axis in experimental diabetic retinopathy","volume":"235","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.07.002","article-title":"miRNAs as cell fate determinants of lateral and paraxial mesoderm differentiation from embryonic stem cells","volume":"478","author":"Tuysuz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib200","article-title":"Relationship between stages of diabetic retinopathy and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in aqueous humor and serum","volume":"40","author":"Uzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8997","article-title":"Early neurodegeneration in the retina of type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"53","author":"van Dijk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2003.08.016","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of breakers of advanced glycation end product-protein crosslinks","author":"Vasan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/cb400668h","article-title":"Targeting the production of oncogenic MicroRNAs with multimodal synthetic small molecules","volume":"9","author":"Vo","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0351-4","article-title":"LncRNA H19 initiates microglial pyroptosis and neuronal death in retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"27","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02432-y","article-title":"MiR-221-3p regulates the microvascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy by targeting TIMP3","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib206","article-title":"In vitro protective effect of miR-181d-5p in high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by targeting the angiogenic factor VEGFA","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1420","article-title":"M\u00fcller cell-derived VEGF is essential for diabetes-induced retinal inflammation and vascular leakage","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.11.006","article-title":"miR-365 promotes diabetic retinopathy through inhibiting Timp3 and increasing oxidative stress","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13076","article-title":"Regulation of retinal inflammation by rhythmic expression of miR-146a in diabetic Retina","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.08.013","article-title":"Dual anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic action of miR-15a in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01431-0","article-title":"MicroRNA-301a-3p promotes diabetic retinopathy via regulation of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.09.012","article-title":"Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by piwi proteins and piRNAs","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00219-z","article-title":"Noncoding RNA therapeutics \u2014 challenges and potential solutions","author":"Winkle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01624-y","article-title":"M\u00fcller glial microRNAs are required for the maintenance of glial homeostasis and retinal architecture","volume":"8","author":"Wohl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp385","article-title":"RPGRIP1 is essential for normal rod photoreceptor outer segment elaboration and morphogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Won","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02309-6","article-title":"The semantics of microglia activation: neuroinflammation, homeostasis, and stress","author":"Woodburn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155745","article-title":"MiR-340-5p inhibits M\u00fcller cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by targeting BMP4 in experimental diabetic retinopathy","volume":"149","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.02.006","article-title":"Effects of diabetic retinopathy on the barrier functions of the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"139","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00769-7","article-title":"MiR-423-5p activated by E2F1 promotes neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy by targeting HIPK2","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndrome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164941","article-title":"Inhibition of BDNF-AS provides neuroprotection for retinal ganglion cells against ischemic injury","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2626-6","article-title":"Interaction and cross-talk between non-coding RNAs","author":"Yamamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00393","article-title":"PIWI-interacting RNA in Drosophila: biogenesis, transposon regulation, and beyond","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13617","article-title":"Long non-coding ribonucleic acid urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 promotes high glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells angiogenesis through regulating micro-ribonucleic acid-624-3p\/vascular endothelial growth factor C","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib224","article-title":"Detection of stably expressed piRNAs in human blood","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11817","article-title":"LncRNA NEAT1 regulated diabetic retinal epithelial-mesenchymal transition through regulating miR-204\/SOX4 axis","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib226","article-title":"Long non\u2010coding RNA MALAT1 regulates retinal neurodegeneration through CREB signaling","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20192580","article-title":"Glucose-induced microRNA-218 suppresses the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelium cells by targeting RUNX2","volume":"39","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0311-8","article-title":"Cellular functions of long noncoding RNAs","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.07.007","article-title":"miR-15a\/16 inhibits TGF-beta3\/VEGF signaling and increases retinal endothelial cell barrier proteins","volume":"139","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.03.009","article-title":"miR-146a suppresses STAT3\/VEGF pathways and reduces apoptosis through IL-6 signaling in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in high glucose conditions","volume":"139","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3958453","article-title":"MiR-146a attenuates inflammatory pathways mediated by TLR4\/NF- B and TNF \u03b1 to protect primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells grown in high glucose","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib232","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced deregulation of miR-126 and its regulative effect on VEGF and MMP-9 expression","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.987488","article-title":"Association between lncRNAs in plasma exosomes and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib234","article-title":"miRNA-1273g-3p involvement in development of diabetic retinopathy by modulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Mon. Int. Med. J. Exp. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2019-0489","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 participates in the pathological angiogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in an oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model by sponging miR-203a-3p","volume":"98","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0368-7","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i7.1116","article-title":"Expression and role of P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNA in diabetic-retinopathy in mice","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib238","article-title":"Mechanism of piR-1245\/PIWI-like protein-2 regulating Janus kinase-2\/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3\/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in retinal neovascularization","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01621","article-title":"MicroRNA-29b-3p promotes human retinal microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis via blocking SIRT1 in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103130","article-title":"Overexpression of METTL3 attenuates high-glucose induced RPE cell pyroptosis by regulating miR-25-3p\/PTEN\/Akt signaling cascade through DGCR8","volume":"12","author":"Zha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13619","article-title":"Erythropoietin protects outer blood-retinal barrier in experimental diabetic retinopathy by up-regulating ZO-1 and occludin","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2019.105574","article-title":"C-myc contributes to the release of M\u00fcller cells-derived proinflammatory cytokines by regulating lncRNA MIAT\/XNIP pathway","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/08916934.2021.1969551","article-title":"LncRNA XIST restrains the activation of M\u00fcller cells and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy via stabilizing SIRT1","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2019.1630251","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-145-5p elevates retinal ganglion cell survival to delay diabetic retinopathy progress by targeting FGF5","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164118756239","article-title":"Downregulation of MicroRNA 29a\/b exacerbated diabetic retinopathy by impairing the function of M\u00fcller cells via Forkhead box protein O4","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.12.007","article-title":"Circular siRNAs for reducing off-target effects and enhancing long-term gene silencing in cells and mice","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2017.02.004","article-title":"Role of microRNA-29a in the development of diabetic retinopathy by targeting AGT gene in a rat model","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib248","article-title":"The epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PIWI\/piRNAs in human cancers","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.3.13","article-title":"lncRNA Ttc3-209 promotes the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury by targeting the miR-484\/Wnt8a Axis","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.018","article-title":"Suppression of microRNA-495 alleviates high-glucose-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis by regulating Notch\/PTEN\/Akt signaling","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00444.2018","article-title":"MicroRNA-183 inhibition exerts suppressive effects on diabetic retinopathy by inactivating BTG1-mediated PI3K\/Akt\/VEGF signaling pathway","volume":"316","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200694","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA Hotair facilitates retinal endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"134","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-015-0131-0","article-title":"Novel function of PIWIL1 in neuronal polarization and migration via regulation of microtubule-associated proteins","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-022-10070-0","article-title":"A novel miR-338-3p\/SLC1A5 axis reprograms retinal pigment epithelium to increases its resistance to high glucose-induced cell ferroptosis","volume":"53","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216189","article-title":"PIWI-interacting RNAs: critical roles and therapeutic targets","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"cancer. Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-021-02132-9","article-title":"PiRNA pathway in the cardiovascular system: a novel regulator of cardiac differentiation, repair and regeneration","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.01.025","article-title":"Role of protein kinase C on the alteration of retinal endothelin-1 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"81","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1900-z","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia-induced pro-inflammatory responses by retinal M\u00fcller glia are regulated by the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)","volume":"53","author":"Zong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.04.012","article-title":"Decoding the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in cellular metabolism and disease","author":"Zong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525000077?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525000077?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T04:23:26Z","timestamp":1777350206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483525000077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":259,"alternative-id":["S0014483525000077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"miRNAs, piRNAs, and lncRNAs: A triad of non-coding RNAs regulating the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy and their therapeutic potentials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110236","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110236"}}