{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:27:06Z","timestamp":1784892426447,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T16:00:47Z","timestamp":1756828847000},"page":"110622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ocular bacterial microbiome analysis by next-generation sequencing in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Sj\u00f6gren's disease: associations with dry eye indices"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"260","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7768-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Frizon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talita Trevizani","family":"Rocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Frizon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Jorge Alves","family":"de Alc\u00e2ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Hofling-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cintia S","family":"de Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 \u00c1lvaro Pereira","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib1","first-page":"1012","article-title":"The Human microbiome project strategy for comprehensive sampling of the human microbiome and why it matters","volume":"27","author":"Aagaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB (Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol.) J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.09.003","article-title":"Ocular surface microbiota in patients with aqueous tear-deficient dry eye","volume":"19","author":"Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.109951","article-title":"The relationship between dry eye disease and human microbiota: a review of the science","volume":"245","author":"Antman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.03.010","article-title":"The ocular microbiome and microbiota and their effects on ocular surface pathophysiology and disorders","volume":"66","author":"Aragona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008","article-title":"Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry eye tests","volume":"22","author":"Bron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7080259","article-title":"Anatomic characterization of the ocular surface microbiome in children","volume":"7","author":"Cavuoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19803","article-title":"Paucibacterial microbiome and resident DNA virome of the healthy conjunctiva","volume":"57","author":"Doan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6939","article-title":"Diversity of bacteria at healthy human conjunctiva","volume":"52","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2014(03)04","article-title":"Evaluation of conjunctival bacterial flora in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Frizon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current evidence on the ocular surface microbiota and related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Galdiero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000330","article-title":"Ocular surface microbiome in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.06.088","article-title":"Human corneal epithelial cells respond to ocular-pathogenic, but not to nonpathogenic-flagellin","volume":"347","author":"Hozono","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.18.4765-4774.1998","article-title":"Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity","volume":"180","author":"Hugenholtz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib16","article-title":"Bacterial distribution on the ocular surface of patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-010-0804-2","article-title":"Innate immunity of the ocular surface","volume":"54","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60794-w","article-title":"Comparison of the ocular microbiome between chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome patients and healthy subjects","volume":"10","author":"Kittipibul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.10.002","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome\/Toxic epidermal necrolysis - a comprehensive review and guide to therapy. I. Systemic disease","volume":"14","author":"Kohanim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","article-title":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the definition and classification subcommittee of the international dry eye workshop (2007)","volume":"5","author":"Lemp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.731867","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis reveals the heterogeneity of conjunctival microbiota dysbiosis in dry eye disease","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514","article-title":"Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Mariette","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.11","article-title":"microDecon: a highly accurate read-subtraction tool for the post-sequencing removal of contamination in metabarcoding studies","volume":"1","author":"McKnight","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. DNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3283303e1b","article-title":"The role of microbial flora on the ocular surface","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2024.02.002","article-title":"Culture- and non-culture-based approaches reveal unique features of the ocular microbiome in dry eye patients","volume":"32","author":"Naqvi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10494-9","article-title":"Temporal stability and composition of the ocular surface microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Ozkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1570526","article-title":"The ocular microbiome: molecular characterisation of a unique and low microbial environment","volume":"44","author":"Ozkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23561","article-title":"Altered mucosal microbiome diversity and disease severity in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"6","author":"De Paiva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020650","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease in sj\u00f6gren syndrome\u2014new developments and directions","volume":"21","author":"de Paiva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2821_22","article-title":"Tear film microbiome in Sjogren's and non-Sjogren's aqueous deficiency dry eye","volume":"71","author":"Pal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.716867","article-title":"Comparison of the ocular microbiomes of dry eye patients with and without autoimmune disease","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib32","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216114","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome with topical and systemic therapies","volume":"79","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib34","article-title":"Gut-derived butyrate suppresses ocular surface inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Schaefer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859","article-title":"2016 American college of Rheumatology\/European League against rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a consensus and data\u2010driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts","volume":"69","author":"Shiboski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.001","article-title":"Commensal microflora in human conjunctiva; characteristics of microflora in the patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease","volume":"17","author":"Shimizu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib37","article-title":"Lid Margin microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome patients with lid margin keratinization and severe dry eye disease","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.841112","article-title":"Analysis of conjunctival sac microbiome in dry eye patients with and without Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03526-2","article-title":"What is the impact of microbiota on dry eye: a literature review of the gut-eye axis","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.10.029","article-title":"New grading system for the evaluation of chronic ocular manifestations in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Sotozono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.10.006","article-title":"The gut-eye-lacrimal gland-microbiome axis in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Trujillo-Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.651247","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe ocular complications","volume":"8","author":"Ueta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.741654","article-title":"Categorization of the ocular microbiome in Japanese Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome patients with severe ocular complications","volume":"11","author":"Ueta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.05.003","article-title":"Ocular surface inflammation is regulated by innate immunity","volume":"31","author":"Ueta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.10.001","article-title":"Innate immunity of the ocular surface","volume":"81","author":"Ueta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.06.003","article-title":"Characterization of the normal microbiota of the ocular surface","volume":"117","author":"Willcox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68952-w","article-title":"The closed eye harbours a unique microbiome in dry eye disease","volume":"10","author":"Willis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1273996","article-title":"Gut microbiota as a source of a surrogate antigen that triggers autoimmunity in an immune privileged site","volume":"8","author":"Z\u00e1rate-Blad\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.06.014","article-title":"Considerations in understanding the ocular surface microbiome","volume":"158","author":"Zegans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.07.007","article-title":"Assessing the ocular surface microbiome in severe ocular surface diseases HHS public access","volume":"18","author":"Zilliox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525003938?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525003938?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1759522252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483525003938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0014483525003938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ocular bacterial microbiome analysis by next-generation sequencing in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Sj\u00f6gren's disease: associations with dry eye indices","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110622","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110622"}}