{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:52:43Z","timestamp":1793213563060,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82060180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004179","name":"Ningxia Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XT2023006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XT2023006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012899","name":"Lanzhou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018554","name":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20JR10RA738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JR10RA738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018554","name":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21JR1RA140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21JR1RA140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T12:22:24Z","timestamp":1758630144000},"page":"110653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microglia activation and migration in retina during acute high-altitude exposure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Yuting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songjian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6855-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05177.x","article-title":"The oxygen supply to the retina. I. Effects of changes in intraocular and arterial blood pressures, and in arterial P O2 and P CO2 on the oxygen tension in the vitreous body of the cat","volume":"84","author":"Alm","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.01.016","article-title":"Oxygen-dependent diseases in the retina: role of hypoxia-inducible factors","volume":"83","author":"Arjamaa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.860070","article-title":"Neuroinflammation, microglia and implications for retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration in traumatic optic neuropathy","volume":"13","author":"Au","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1975.55.3.383","article-title":"Blood circulation and fluid dynamics in the eye","volume":"55","author":"Bill","year":"1975","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90904.2008","article-title":"New insights into ocular blood flow at very high altitudes","volume":"106","author":"Bosch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2019.05.011","article-title":"STAT1 drives M1 microglia activation and neuroinflammation under hypoxia","volume":"669","author":"Butturini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6318","article-title":"Response of retinal Connexin43 to optic nerve injury","volume":"52","author":"Chew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24966","article-title":"Analysis of retinal segmentation changes at high altitude with and without acetazolamide","volume":"60","author":"Clarke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the central nervous System during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0302.103740","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic injury induces macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha expression in immature rat brain","volume":"33","author":"Cowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr338","article-title":"Connexin43 mimetic peptide reduces vascular leak and retinal ganglion cell death following retinal ischaemia","volume":"135","author":"Danesh-Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00472","article-title":"Microglial morphometric parameters correlate with the expression level of IL-1\u03b2, and allow identifying different activated morphotypes","volume":"13","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Arjona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/705783","article-title":"The role of microglia in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"2014","author":"Grigsby","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2024.102689","article-title":"High altitude retinopathy: an overview and new insights","volume":"58","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trav. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200412000-00003","article-title":"Inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"24","author":"Hedtj\u00e4rn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318207ceab","article-title":"High-altitude retinopathy after climbing Mount Aconcagua in a group of experienced climbers","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0551","article-title":"Single-Cell transcriptomics reveals novel role of microglia in fibrovascular membrane of proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"71","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9960-9","article-title":"Friend or foe? Resident microglia vs bone marrow-derived microglia and their roles in the retinal degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9347-2","article-title":"Roles of activated microglia in hypoxia induced neuroinflammation in the developing brain and the retina","volume":"8","author":"Kaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.2017-0002-IR","article-title":"Roles of hypoxia response in retinal development and pathophysiology","volume":"67","author":"Kurihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Keio J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2024.5369","article-title":"Role of microglia\/macrophage polarisation in intraocular diseases","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13121796","article-title":"Gap junctions or hemichannel-dependent and independent roles of connexins in fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and wound healing","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib23","article-title":"Macrophage recruitment in immune-privileged lens during capsule repair, necrotic fiber removal, and fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101447","article-title":"Further evidence on efficacy of diet supplementation with Fatty acids in ocular pathologies: insights from the EAE model of optic neuritis","volume":"10","author":"Locri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2104829","article-title":"Medical conditions and high-altitude travel","volume":"386","author":"Luks","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42049","article-title":"Absence of TGF\u03b2 signaling in retinal microglia induces retinal degeneration and exacerbates choroidal neovascularization","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20399","article-title":"Enhanced connexin 43 immunoreactivity in penumbral areas in the human brain following ischemia","volume":"54","author":"Nakase","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib28","first-page":"3301","article-title":"Light-induced migration of retinal microglia into the subretinal space","volume":"42","author":"Ng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0186-3","article-title":"Microglia activation in a model of retinal degeneration and TUDCA neuroprotective effects","volume":"11","author":"Noailles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110392","article-title":"Glucocorticoids improve the balance of M1\/M2 macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune uveitis through the P38MAPK-MEF2C axis","volume":"120","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.003","article-title":"The rod-driven a-wave of the dark-adapted mammalian electroretinogram","volume":"39","author":"Robson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031727","article-title":"Therapeutic delivery of soluble fractalkine ameliorates vascular dysfunction in the diabetic retina","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.06.036","article-title":"Increased densities of resting and activated microglia in the dentate gyrus follow senile plaque formation in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus in the triple transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"552","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.099","article-title":"The Major risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease: age, sex, and Genes modulate the microglia response to A\u03b2 plaques","volume":"27","author":"Sala Frigerio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040903","article-title":"Metabolism and vascular retinopathies: current perspectives and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21279","article-title":"Rat retinal microglial cells under normal conditions, after optic nerve section, and after optic nerve section and intravitreal injection of trophic factors or macrophage inhibitory factor","volume":"501","author":"Sobrado-Calvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-10-27","article-title":"Expression of connexin genes in the human retina","volume":"10","author":"S\u00f6hl","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0528-4","article-title":"Systemic pro-inflammatory response facilitates the development of cerebral edema during short hypoxia","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1136(200103)33:3<256::AID-GLIA1024>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Dynamics of microglial activation: a confocal time-lapse analysis in hippocampal slices","volume":"33","author":"Stence","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.195","article-title":"Retinal changes following rapid ascent to a high-altitude environment","volume":"32","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101444","article-title":"The microglial lysosomal system in Alzheimer's disease: guardian against proteinopathy","volume":"71","author":"Van Acker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.06.003","article-title":"Glia-neuron interactions in the mammalian retina","volume":"51","author":"Vecino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.12.010","article-title":"Dynamic structural remodelling of microglia in health and disease: a review of the models, the signals and the mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjac036","article-title":"NRF1-mediated microglial activation triggers high-altitude cerebral edema","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1142","article-title":"Update on high altitude cerebral edema including recent work on the eye","volume":"15","author":"Willmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01710-7","article-title":"Hypobaric hypoxia triggers pyroptosis in the retina via NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"27","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib47","first-page":"19","article-title":"Effects of acute high-altitude exposure on morphology and function of retinal ganglion cell in mice","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134611","article-title":"Inhibition of astrocyte hemichannel improves recovery from spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24354","article-title":"Modulation of Rac1\/PAK1\/connexin43-mediated ATP release from astrocytes contributes to retinal ganglion cell survival in experimental glaucoma","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109678","article-title":"COG1410 regulates microglial states and protects retinal ganglion cells in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"237","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525004257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525004257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:01:27Z","timestamp":1780722087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483525004257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0014483525004257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microglia activation and migration in retina during acute high-altitude exposure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110653","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110653"}}