{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:55:52Z","timestamp":1793642152483,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T23:39:06Z","timestamp":1767397146000},"page":"110837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oxidative stress in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell injury: Mechanisms and neuroprotective strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Yanzhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junze","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.12.030","article-title":"Design and synthesis of novel hybrid sydnonimine and prodrug useful for glaucomatous optic neuropathy","volume":"26","author":"Acharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13145","article-title":"Understanding oxidants and antioxidants: classical team with new players","volume":"44","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2023.0125","article-title":"Vitamin B(3) supplementation for optic neuropathies: a comprehensive review","volume":"40","author":"Almeida","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112959","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of antioxidants and hybrid TEMPOL derivatives in ocular neurodegenerative diseases: a glimpse into the future","volume":"11","author":"Amankwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411557","article-title":"Modulation of mitochondrial metabolic parameters and antioxidant enzymes in healthy and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells with hybrid small molecule SA-2","volume":"24","author":"Amankwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib6","first-page":"1711","article-title":"Decreased intraocular pressure induced by nitric oxide donors is correlated to nitrite production in the rabbit eye","volume":"37","author":"Behar-Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1061-4","article-title":"Antioxidants prevent inflammation and preserve the optic projection and visual function in experimental neurotrauma","volume":"9","author":"Bernardo-Col\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02251-7","article-title":"Rapid morphologic changes to microglial cells and upregulation of mixed microglial activation state markers induced by P2X7 receptor stimulation and increased intraocular pressure","volume":"18","author":"Campagno","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100881","article-title":"Retinal energy metabolism in health and glaucoma","volume":"81","author":"Casson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1110-y","article-title":"Functional imaging of mitochondria in retinal diseases using flavoprotein fluorescence","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-025-00442-4","article-title":"Genetic prioritisation of candidate drug targets for glaucoma through multi-trait and multi-omics integration","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.11.015","article-title":"Synthesis of complement factor H by retinal pigment epithelial cells is down-regulated by oxidized photoreceptor outer segments","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122422","article-title":"Vitamin B3 provides neuroprotection via antioxidative stress in a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081120","article-title":"The advance of single-cell RNA sequencing applications in ocular physiology and disease research","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib15","first-page":"431","article-title":"Expression profile of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous from glaucomatous eyes","volume":"18","author":"Chua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-024-01850-8","article-title":"Oral nicotinamide provides robust, dose-dependent structural and metabolic neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma","volume":"12","author":"Cimaglia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.326","article-title":"Reoxygenation of hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells activates the classic complement pathway","volume":"96","author":"Collard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65026-2","article-title":"Complement activation after oxidative stress: role of the lectin complement pathway","volume":"156","author":"Collard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084287","article-title":"Tools and biomarkers for the study of retinal ganglion cell degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Corral-Domenge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.05.010","article-title":"Topical Coenzyme Q10 demonstrates mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotection in a rodent model of ocular hypertension","volume":"36","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14040437","article-title":"Protection against oxidative stress by Coenzyme Q10 in a porcine retinal degeneration model","volume":"14","author":"Deppe","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Personalized Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108232","article-title":"Effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitors in an experimental retinal model of excitotoxicity","volume":"200","author":"Dionysopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53429-5","article-title":"Remyelination protects neurons from DLK-mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"15","author":"Duncan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210701700408","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of alpha-tocopherol against glaucomatous damage","volume":"17","author":"Engin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib26","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Variability of serum oxidative stress biomarkers relative to biochemical data and clinical parameters of glaucoma patients","volume":"16","author":"Engin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.7.2207","article-title":"Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages","volume":"148","author":"Fadok","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020238","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the role of NADPH oxidase in glaucoma","volume":"10","author":"Fan Gaskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3 Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.04.058","article-title":"An evidence-based assessment of risk factors for the progression of ocular hypertension and glaucoma","volume":"138","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2020.01.002","article-title":"Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy","volume":"51","author":"Garza-Lomb\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44380-y","article-title":"Integrating genetic regulation and single-cell expression with GWAS prioritizes causal genes and cell types for glaucoma","volume":"15","author":"Hamel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6202","article-title":"Discovery of GSK2795039, a novel small molecule NADPH oxidase 2 inhibitor","volume":"23","author":"Hirano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031255","article-title":"The pathomechanism, antioxidant biomarkers, and treatment of oxidative stress-related eye diseases","volume":"23","author":"Hsueh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108225","article-title":"Glaucoma causes redox imbalance in the primary visual cortex by modulating NADPH oxidase-4, iNOS, and Nrf2 pathway in a rat experimental model","volume":"200","author":"Hvozda Arana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101136","article-title":"Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"95","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10121948","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in ocular diseases associated with retinal ganglion cells degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01693-y","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of oral nicotinamide in the NEAT clinical trial for early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Ketron","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.180","article-title":"DRP1 inhibition rescues retinal ganglion cells and their axons by preserving mitochondrial integrity in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.489728","article-title":"Dietary deficiency of vitamin E aggravates retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma of rats","volume":"35","author":"Ko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0186-5","article-title":"The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative\/nitrosative stress: current state","volume":"15","author":"Kurutas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib41","article-title":"The use of vitamin E in ocular health: bridging omics approaches with Tocopherol and Tocotrienol in the management of glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Latib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020257","article-title":"The cyclic nitroxide TEMPOL ameliorates oxidative stress but not inflammation in a cell model of Parkinson's Disease","volume":"11","author":"Leathem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12564","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 inhibits glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial alteration in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05968-1","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside as a neuroprotective therapy for glaucoma: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control trial","volume":"23","author":"Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.036","article-title":"The thioredoxin antioxidant system","volume":"66","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31315","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805371200","article-title":"An NF-kappaB-sensitive micro RNA-146a-mediated inflammatory circuit in Alzheimer disease and in stressed human brain cells","volume":"283","author":"Lukiw","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9208489","article-title":"Retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress and the effects of a free radical scavenger (Edaravone)","volume":"2017","author":"Masuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235129","article-title":"ACE-Vitamin index and risk of glaucoma: the SUN project","volume":"14","author":"Moreno-Monta\u00f1\u00e9s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.001","article-title":"Retinal oxidative stress induced by high intraocular pressure","volume":"37","author":"Moreno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213604","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between daily niacin Intake and glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Nicola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17172775","article-title":"Changes in quality of life among glaucoma patients following six months of niacinamide supplementation","volume":"17","author":"Nicola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3164734","article-title":"The role of the reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of the age-related ocular diseases and other pathologies of the anterior and posterior eye segments in adults","volume":"2016","author":"Nita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.341","article-title":"Inhibition of oxidative stress by coenzyme Q10 increases mitochondrial mass and improves bioenergetic function in optic nerve head astrocytes","volume":"4","author":"Noh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318279b836","article-title":"Effects of coenzyme Q10 in conjunction with vitamin E on retinal-evoked and cortical-evoked responses in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"23","author":"Parisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-5010","article-title":"A selective inhibitor of drp1, mdivi-1, increases retinal ganglion cell survival in acute ischemic mouse retina","volume":"52","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233741","article-title":"Neuroprotection of rodent and human retinal ganglion cells in Vitro\/Ex vivo by the hybrid small molecule SA-2","volume":"11","author":"Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1084604","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.103222","article-title":"The role of RGC degeneration in the pathogenesis of glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative stress","volume":"86","author":"Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25999","article-title":"Hybrid compound SA-2 is neuroprotective in animal models of retinal ganglion cell death","volume":"60","author":"Stankowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8693","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08693.2000","article-title":"Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by glial cells exposed to simulated ischemia or elevated hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in cocultured retinal ganglion cells","volume":"20","author":"Tezel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5289","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the regulation of complement activation in human glaucoma","volume":"51","author":"Tezel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406419666230505150020","article-title":"Mechanistic role of tempol: synthesis, catalysed reactions and therapeutic potential","volume":"19","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib66","article-title":"Single-cell profiling of trabecular meshwork identifies mitochondrial dysfunction in a glaucoma model that is protected by vitamin B3 treatment","author":"Tolman","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101988","article-title":"Nicotinamide provides neuroprotection in glaucoma by protecting against mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction","volume":"43","author":"Tribble","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib68","article-title":"The potential role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related factor 2 (Nrf2) in glaucoma: a review","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.6.875","article-title":"Association of demographic, familial, medical, and ocular factors with intraocular pressure","volume":"119","author":"Weih","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.01.003","article-title":"Effects of tempol and redox-cycling nitroxides in models of oxidative stress","volume":"126","author":"Wilcox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5357","article-title":"NADPH oxidase, NOX1, mediates vascular injury in ischemic retinopathy","volume":"20","author":"Wilkinson-Berka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"issue":"6326","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal0092","article-title":"Vitamin B(3) modulates mitochondrial vulnerability and prevents glaucoma in aged mice","volume":"355","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22414","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702321200","article-title":"Oxidative stress modulates complement factor H expression in retinal pigmented epithelial cells by acetylation of FOXO3","volume":"282","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8123","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8318","article-title":"Neuroprotection from retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by NOX2 NADPH oxidase deletion","volume":"52","author":"Yokota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109271","article-title":"Dephosphorylation of ERK1\/2 and DRP1 S585 regulates mitochondrial dynamics in glutamate toxicity of retinal neurons in vitro","volume":"225","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102687","article-title":"Pathologically high intraocular pressure induces mitochondrial dysfunction through Drp1 and leads to retinal ganglion cell PANoptosis in glaucoma","volume":"62","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13060893","article-title":"Systemic treatment with nicotinamide riboside is protective in two mouse models of retinal ganglion cell damage","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1685-18.2018","article-title":"Activation of 5-HT1A receptors promotes retinal ganglion cell function by inhibiting the cAMP-PKA pathway to modulate presynaptic GABA release in chronic glaucoma","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525006104?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483525006104?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:43:10Z","timestamp":1781685790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483525006104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0014483525006104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oxidative stress in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell injury: Mechanisms and neuroprotective strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110837","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110837"}}