{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T06:26:15Z","timestamp":1793600775446,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T16:15:30Z","timestamp":1771949730000},"page":"110942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The link between caveolae, metabolic syndrome, and cataractogenesis: A mechanistic hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"267","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8509-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib1","first-page":"410","article-title":"Growth of the eye lens: I. Weight accumulation in multiple species","volume":"20","author":"Augusteyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"Issue 6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib2","article-title":"On the growth and internal structure of the human lens","volume":"90","author":"Augusteyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/db20191-6","article-title":"Cataracts and their treatment in people with diabetes","volume":"2019","author":"Bixler","year":"2019","journal-title":"ADA Clin. Compendia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14060731","article-title":"Restoring glutathione homeostasis in glycation-related eye diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions beyond VEGF inhibition","volume":"14","author":"Boo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01062-6","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Camargo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091684","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with cataract in a large Taiwanese population study","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102424","article-title":"Associations of severe liver diseases with cataract using data from UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib8","article-title":"Search of inhibitors of aldose reductase for treatment of diabetic cataracts using machine learning","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Ophthalmol. Pract. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03320-0","article-title":"A potential role for inflammatory cytokines in a rare late-onset capsular block syndrome: a case report","volume":"24","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"Issue 24","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib10","article-title":"Systemic and cardiac microvascular dysfunction in hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Durante","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"Issue 5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib11","article-title":"Cataract progression associated with modifications in calcium signaling in human lens epithelia as studied by mechanical stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Gosak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01033-z","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidative enzymes levels and lipid peroxidation products levels in diabetic and non diabetic senile cataract patients","volume":"21","author":"Govindaswamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"Issue 4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib13","article-title":"Oxidative stress, epigenetic regulation and pathological processes of lens epithelial cells underlying diabetic cataract","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Ophthalmol. Pract. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-025-02134-9","article-title":"Exploiting autophagy and related pathways: pioneering new horizons in cataract therapy","author":"Hashemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55038","article-title":"Lipid accumulation controls the balance between surface connection and scission of caveolae","volume":"9","author":"Hubert","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13237005","article-title":"Risk factors for cataracts in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Ivanescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib17","article-title":"Experimental study on the effects of hydrogen peroxide on caveolin in human lens epithelial cells","volume":"43","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1523711","article-title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and cataract among outpatient US adults","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"Issue 2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib19","article-title":"What causes steroid cataracts? A review of steroid-induced posterior subcapsular cataracts","volume":"85","author":"Jobling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib20","article-title":"Association between cataract and fatty liver diseases from a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.12.8","article-title":"Lipid and cholesterol peroxidation leads to \u03b1-Crystallin membrane aggregation and cataract formation","volume":"66","author":"Khadka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2016.05.001","article-title":"Hypertension potentiates cataractogenesis in rat eye through modulation of oxidative stress and electrolyte homeostasis","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Current Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2018.0117","article-title":"Salt, hypertension, and the lens","volume":"17","author":"Koc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.1.23","article-title":"Contributions of polyol pathway to oxidative stress in diabetic cataract","volume":"13","author":"LEE","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib25","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants in cataract development","volume":"vol. 35","author":"Lee","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041005","article-title":"Interaction of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase with the CAT-1 arginine transporter enhances NO release by a mechanism not involving arginine transport","volume":"386","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107935","article-title":"Palmitoylation-dependent modulation of CD36 trafficking and signaling integrates lipid uptake with metabolic disease pathogenesis","volume":"220","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2024.2427789","article-title":"Recent progression of pathogenesis and treatment for diabetic cataracts","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13929","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and some of its components in relation to risk of cataract extraction. A prospective cohort study of men","volume":"97","author":"Lindblad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03910-2","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome and cataract: a meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101112","article-title":"The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib32","article-title":"The role of caveolae in cataractogenesis: examination of human lens epithelial cells","volume":"160","author":"Magyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-025-00345-4","article-title":"Cholesterol concentration in cell membranes and its impact on receptor\u2013ligand interaction: a computational study of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and ATP binding","volume":"258","author":"Millan-Pacheco","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1280","article-title":"Effects of obesity and hyperglycemia on postprandial insulin-mediated and Non\u2013insulin-mediated glucose disposal","volume":"48","author":"Mittendorfer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Issue 8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib35","article-title":"Hypertension is the prominent risk factor in cataract patients","volume":"55","author":"Mylona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119830578","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic macular edema in patients undergoing senile cataract surgery in Italy: the DIabetes and CATaract study","volume":"30","author":"Panozzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.06.007","article-title":"Caveolin-1 is up-regulated in transdifferentiated lens epithelial cells but minimal in normal human and murine lenses","volume":"83","author":"Perdue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04587-x","article-title":"Impairment of insulin signaling pathway PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and insulin resistance induced AGEs on diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases: a perspective review","volume":"478","author":"Ramasubbu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21343-0","article-title":"Prevalence of cataract and its associated factors among adult diabetic patients attending at diabetic care clinics in Northwest Ethiopia, 2023","author":"Shumye","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib40","article-title":"Caveolae: metabolic platforms at the crossroads of health and disease","volume":"vol. 26","author":"Stea","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2023.2276679","article-title":"Investigation of mitochondrial homeostasis changes in lens epithelium of high-myopic cataract","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-023-07477-6","article-title":"Insulin resistance triggers atherosclerosis: caveolin 1 cooperates with PKCzeta to block insulin signaling in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-024-03491-3","article-title":"The effect of lens shape, zonular insertion and finite element model on simulated shape change of the eye lens","volume":"52","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114012","article-title":"Hypertension and risk of cataract: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.901407","article-title":"Mapping glucose uptake, transport and metabolism in the Bovine lens cortex","volume":"13","author":"Zahraei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib46","article-title":"An association of metabolic syndrome constellation with cellular membrane caveolae","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathobiol. Aging & Age-related Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W. Z. 2026. Chapter 7 - PharmacolZhang, W. Z. (2026). Chapter 7 - pharmacologically targeting caveolae in metabolic diseases (M. R. B. T.-P. T. in M. D. de Oliveira (ed.); pp. 127\u2013139). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-443-27370-4.00012-3- (M. R. B. T.-P. T. in M. D. de Oliveira (ed.); pp. 127\u2013139). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-443-27370-4.00012-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-27370-4.00012-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1994.1084","article-title":"Ageing of glutathione reductase in the lens","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(05)80057-0","article-title":"Glucose supply and enzyme activities in the lens","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1995.tb00811.x","article-title":"Hexokinase distribution in the ocular lens","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483526000989?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483526000989?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T05:29:15Z","timestamp":1793597355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483526000989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0014483526000989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The link between caveolae, metabolic syndrome, and cataractogenesis: A mechanistic hypothesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110942","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110942"}}