{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T06:26:16Z","timestamp":1793600776583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0021-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011773","name":"Bourgogne-Franche-Comte Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:47:27Z","timestamp":1772038047000},"page":"110945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gut inflammation affects retinal fatty acid composition"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"267","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Lapaquette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Loriot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Courcet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyazi","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3746-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Agn\u00e8s","family":"Bringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.404","article-title":"Predicting the retinal content in omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular-degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Acar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108059","article-title":"Impact of a high-fat diet on the fatty acid composition of the retina","volume":"196","author":"Albouery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.136","article-title":"Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence","volume":"15","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib4","article-title":"Lipoxins and synthetic lipoxin mimetics: therapeutic potential in renal diseases","volume":"1866","author":"Andrews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000570","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration: updates and possible therapeutic approaches","volume":"12","author":"Arrigo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Ophthalmol. (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.08.010","article-title":"Lipid and fatty acid profile of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium\/choroid, and the lacrimal gland, and associations with adipose tissue fatty acids in human subjects","volume":"87","author":"Bretillon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108867","article-title":"The gut microbiota in retinal diseases","volume":"214","author":"Bringer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.10.1424","article-title":"Ileal and colonic fatty acid profiles in patients with active crohn's disease","volume":"35","author":"Buhner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030355","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes","volume":"2","author":"Calder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12670","article-title":"Association between high dietary intake of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and reduced risk of crohn's disease","volume":"39","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib11","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice","volume":"104","author":"Chassaing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Im."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062470","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids and the gut-retina connection: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Ciurariu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.035","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Europe: the past and the future","volume":"124","author":"Colijn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2146044","article-title":"Omega-3 pleiad: the multipoint anti-inflammatory strategy","volume":"64","author":"da Silva Batista","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23149","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.755728","article-title":"Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling interacts with CREBH to modulate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in response to bacterial endotoxin","volume":"291","author":"Dandekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.10.1370","article-title":"Abnormal plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in non-active inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"34","author":"Esteve-Comas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.10.1365","article-title":"Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in active inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"33","author":"Esteve-Comas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.2.S97","article-title":"Role of cytokines in inducing hyperlipidemia","volume":"41","author":"Feingold","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545676","article-title":"The regulation of inflammation by oxidized phospholipids","volume":"46","author":"Freigang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3448","article-title":"A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants","volume":"48","author":"Fritsche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2015.09.002","article-title":"Control of inflammatory responses by ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate","volume":"61","author":"Gomez-Munoz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109216","article-title":"Inside out: relations between the microbiome, nutrition, and eye health","volume":"224","author":"Grant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The key roles of elongases and desaturases in mammalian fatty acid metabolism: insights from transgenic mice","volume":"49","author":"Guillou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M079095","article-title":"Production of lipid mediators across different disease stages of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice","volume":"59","author":"Hamabata","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.003","article-title":"Toll-like receptors induce signal-specific reprogramming of the macrophage lipidome","volume":"32","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.10.005","article-title":"Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish intake and risk of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"73","author":"Kauppinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131708","article-title":"Beyond the complement Cascade: insights into systemic immunosenescence and inflammaging in age-related macular degeneration and current barriers to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R300019-JLR200","article-title":"Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host","volume":"45","author":"Khovidhunkit","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84761-1","article-title":"DSS-induced colitis is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and disrupted hepatic lipid metabolism leading to hepatosteatosis and dyslipidemia in mice","volume":"11","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2023.0324","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding potentiates the ability of Lacticaseibacillus casei to enrich the retina in Omega-3 fatty acids","volume":"14","author":"Lapaquette","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00474-5","article-title":"Long-term intake of Lactobacillus helveticus enhances bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids in the mouse retina","volume":"10","author":"Lapaquette","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.14.47","article-title":"Association of age-related macular degeneration with a blood biomarker of lipopolysaccharide, a gut bacterial proinflammatory toxin","volume":"64","author":"Larsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102072","article-title":"A review of the role of the intestinal microbiota in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M007518","article-title":"Long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in ocular aging and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.373687","article-title":"Implication of gut microbiome in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"392","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40190-7","article-title":"Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron Fluoride--Methanol","volume":"5","author":"Morrison","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.4.21","article-title":"Fecal microbial profiles and short-chain fatty acid\/bile acid metabolomics in patients with age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study","volume":"66","author":"Parekh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib41","first-page":"68","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut","volume":"10","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye. brain. Microbio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115780","article-title":"Ocular immune privilege in action: the living eye imposes unique regulatory and anergic gene signatures on uveitogenic T cells","volume":"44","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545848","article-title":"Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DSS-Induced colitis in mice","volume":"46","author":"Rosengarten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13479","article-title":"Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology","volume":"510","author":"Serhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00703","article-title":"Cytokines and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.01.026","article-title":"Propensity-matched analysis of the risk of age-related macular degeneration with systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"8","author":"Shukla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.49890","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MIR0817-337R","article-title":"Negative regulators that mediate ocular immune privilege","volume":"103","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0728","article-title":"Remodeling of retinal fatty acids in an animal model of diabetes: a decrease in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decrease in fatty acid elongases Elovl2 and Elovl4","volume":"59","author":"Tikhonenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1883","article-title":"Platelet activating factor (PAF): a mediator of inflammation","volume":"48","author":"Upton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.006","article-title":"A new perspective on lipid research in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"67","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.363","article-title":"Arachidonic acid metabolism in health and disease","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib54","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis of the gut-liver axis reveals the mechanism of liver injury in colitis mice","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40826","article-title":"Association of the intestinal microbiome with the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483526001016?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483526001016?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T05:29:24Z","timestamp":1793597364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483526001016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0014483526001016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gut inflammation affects retinal fatty acid composition","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110945","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110945"}}