{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1793600789597,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K12793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K12793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T16:03:16Z","timestamp":1773504196000},"page":"110973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and its associated mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"267","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4897-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Haruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Furushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitoshi","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1021\/bi5000564","article-title":"Mechanism of quinolone action and resistance","volume":"53","author":"Aldred","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2319","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and its cost: is it possible to reverse resistance?","volume":"8","author":"Andersson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2000.tb01121.x","article-title":"The microbiology of the eye","volume":"20","author":"Armstrong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150359008","article-title":"The source of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. A comparison of eyelid and intraocular isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"115","author":"Bannerman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00896-1","article-title":"Endophthalmitis isolates and antibiotic sensitivities: a 6-year review of culture-proven cases","volume":"137","author":"Benz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000219684","article-title":"Gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and balofloxacin resistance due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from patients with endophthalmitis, corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis","volume":"42","author":"Betanzos-Cabrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00846-13","article-title":"Emerging 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone resistance among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates recovered from patients with endophthalmitis","volume":"51","author":"Bispo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.7.834","article-title":"Bacterial keratitis: predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological review of 300 cases","volume":"87","author":"Bourcier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/168742","article-title":"Rapid PCR detection of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum","volume":"2013","author":"Cunningham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19803","article-title":"Paucibacterial microbiome and resident DNA virome of the healthy conjunctiva","volume":"57","author":"Doan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6939","article-title":"Diversity of bacteria at healthy human conjunctiva","volume":"52","author":"Dong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01741-07","article-title":"High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in ophthalmic clinical isolates belonging to the species Corynebacterium macginleyi","volume":"46","author":"Eguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib13","first-page":"S120","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones","volume":"15","author":"George","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.9.1.72","article-title":"Single-tube genotyping without oligonucleotide probes","volume":"9","author":"Germer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200104000-00012","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of bacterial ocular isolates to fluoroquinolones","volume":"20","author":"Graves","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3608-y","article-title":"Microbial flora and resistance in ophthalmology: a review","volume":"255","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025320","article-title":"Topoisomerase inhibitors: fluoroquinolone mechanisms of action and resistance","volume":"6","author":"Hooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01430","article-title":"Identification of major sequence types among multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from infected eyes and healthy conjunctiva","volume":"8","author":"Jena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00841-3","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from healthy conjunctiva and analysis of their mutations in quinolone-resistance determining region","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110571","article-title":"Development of a rapid detection system for fluoroquinolone-resistant Corynebacterium macginleyi","volume":"259","author":"Kato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.11.38","article-title":"Relationship between fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region in Corynebacterium macginleyi","volume":"65","author":"Kato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2343-2351.2005","article-title":"Biological cost of single and multiple norfloxacin resistance mutations in Escherichia coli implicated in urinary tract infections","volume":"49","author":"Komp Lindgren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.2.655","article-title":"3'-minor groove binder-DNA probes increase sequence specificity at PCR extension temperatures","volume":"28","author":"Kutyavin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12196","article-title":"The fitness costs of antibiotic resistance mutations","volume":"8","author":"Melnyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.05.049","article-title":"Changes in drug susceptibility and the quinolone-resistance determining region of Staphylococcus epidermidis after administration of fluoroquinolones","volume":"35","author":"Miyanaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10494-9","article-title":"Temporal stability and composition of the ocular surface microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Ozkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01161-06","article-title":"Fitness costs of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"51","author":"Rozen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26867-0","article-title":"Identification of a topoisomerase IV in actinobacteria: purification and characterization of ParYR and GyrBR from the coumermycin A1 producer Streptomyces rishiriensis DSM 40489","volume":"150","author":"Schmutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology (Read.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib29","first-page":"961","article-title":"National surveillance of infectious keratitis in Japan--current status of isolates, patient background, and treatment","volume":"110","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nippon. Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6030","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22957","article-title":"The influence of age and sex on ocular surface microbiota in healthy adults","volume":"58","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.129858","article-title":"Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from conjunctiva and their association with susceptibility to various fluoroquinolones","volume":"92","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.11.8103","article-title":"Roles of topoisomerases in maintaining steady-state DNA supercoiling in Escherichia coli","volume":"275","author":"Zechiedrich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0099-x","article-title":"The conjunctival microbiome in health and trachomatous disease: a case control study","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Med."}],"container-title":["Experimental Eye Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483526001296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014483526001296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T05:31:25Z","timestamp":1793597485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014483526001296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0014483526001296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and its associated mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Eye Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2026.110973","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110973"}}