{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:19:48Z","timestamp":1759335588371},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T04:48:34Z","timestamp":1082522914000},"page":"1035-1048","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Age-dependent differences in the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in C57BL and AKR mouse strains"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tanya","family":"Kaptzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Skutelsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Itzhaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Sinai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Michowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosef","family":"Yossipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginnete","family":"Schiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Leibovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB1","first-page":"717","article-title":"Changes in lymphoblastic transformation in preleukemic AKR\/J mice","volume":"29","author":"Alonso","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The geriatric cancer patient: equal benefit from equal treatment","volume":"8","author":"Balducci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41710.x","article-title":"Therapeutic effectiveness of neuraminidase-treated tumor cells as an immunogen in man and experimental animals with leukemia","volume":"277","author":"Bekesi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB4","first-page":"631","article-title":"Treatment of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or interferon","volume":"36","author":"Bekesi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB5","first-page":"519","article-title":"Phagocytic activity of the tumor associated macrophages in relation to tumor growth: modulation with levamisole","volume":"33","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00137-7","article-title":"What studies on human longevity tell us about the risk for cancer in the oldest old: data and hypotheses on the genetics and immunology of centenarians","volume":"37","author":"Bonafe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-81491-4_22","article-title":"Correction of immunodeficiency in aged mice by levamisole and bestatin administration","volume":"75","author":"Bruley-Rosset","year":"1980","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB8","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Anergy for delayed-type hypersensitivity in preleukemic AKR mice","volume":"74","author":"Burdick","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(73)90024-X","article-title":"Geriatric colon cancer","volume":"125","author":"Calabrese","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.124.1.52","article-title":"Immune function in aged mice. V. Role of suppressor cells","volume":"124","author":"Callard","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/27.2.162","article-title":"Cell proliferation and renewal in aging mice","volume":"27","author":"Cameron","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910320319","article-title":"Effect of coordinated therapeutic assays using C. parvum, interferon and arginine butyrate on spontaneous disease and survival of AKR mice","volume":"32","author":"Chany","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB13","first-page":"362","article-title":"Thymopentin reduces the susceptibility of aged mice to cutaneous leishmaniasis by modulating CD4 T-cell subsets","volume":"76","author":"Cillari","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02047299","article-title":"Reticuloendothelial stimulation: levamisole compared","volume":"36","author":"Davies","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90069-P","article-title":"Age-related changes of the antigen-specific antibody formation in vitro and PHA-induced T-cell proliferation in individuals who met the health criteria of the Senieur protocol","volume":"66","author":"De Greef","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(85)90035-4","article-title":"Immune senescence: effect of age, sex and health on human blood mononuclear subpopulations","volume":"4","author":"Deviere","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(94)01565-4","article-title":"Role of immune response as determinant of tumor progression in function of host age in the B16 melanoma","volume":"80","author":"Donin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3109\/07357909709047580","article-title":"Comparison of growth rate of two B16 melanomas differing in metastatic potential in young versus middle-aged mice","volume":"15","author":"Donin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB19","first-page":"355","article-title":"Effect of advanced ageing on the ability of mice to cause tumour regression in response to immunotherapy","volume":"74","author":"Dunn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01741605","article-title":"Effect of advanced aging on ability of mice to cause regression of an immunogenic lymphoma in response to immunotherapy based on depletion of suppressor T cells","volume":"33","author":"Dunn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000213682","article-title":"Effectiveness of immunotherapy in aged leukemic mice","volume":"41","author":"Dussault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1974.10","article-title":"Mutually exclusive occurrence of amyloidosis and thymic leukaemia in casein treated AKR mice","volume":"29","author":"Ebbesen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1978.11","article-title":"Life span, leukaemia and amyloid incidences of untreated and polycation-treated AKR mice","volume":"37","author":"Ebbesen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(83)90013-X","article-title":"Decreasing leukemia risk in old AKR mice","volume":"18","author":"Ebbesen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB25","first-page":"837","article-title":"Why tumors grow more slowly in old people","volume":"77","author":"Ershler","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB26","first-page":"99","article-title":"The change in aggressiveness of neoplasms with age","volume":"42","author":"Ershler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb04153.x","article-title":"Bronchogenic cancer, metastases, and aging","volume":"31","author":"Ershler","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB28","first-page":"5677","article-title":"Transfer of age-associated restrained tumor growth in mice by old-to-young bone marrow transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Ershler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/72.1.161","article-title":"B16 murine melanoma and aging: slower growth and longer survival in old mice","volume":"72","author":"Ershler","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB30","first-page":"340","article-title":"Increased number of circulating Leu 11+(CD 16) large granular lymphocytes and decreased NK activity during human ageing","volume":"68","author":"Facchini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB31","first-page":"38","article-title":"Tumor cell and host properties affecting the implantation and survival of blood-borne metastatic variants of B16 melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Fidler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Isr. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/55.5.1107","article-title":"Effect of levamisole on in vivo and in vitro murine host response to syngeneic transplantable tumor","volume":"55","author":"Fidler","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.103","article-title":"Histopathology of breast cancer in relation to age","volume":"75","author":"Fisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(81)80094-0","article-title":"Quantitative changes in AKR thymocyte subsets preceding the onset of leukemia","volume":"159","author":"Fournier","year":"1981","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00513-7","article-title":"Human immunosenescence: the prevailing of innate immunity, the failing of clonotypic immunity, and the filling of immunological space","volume":"18","author":"Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00145-7","article-title":"Chemotherapy of lung cancer in the elderly","volume":"41","author":"Frasci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB37","first-page":"158","article-title":"Aging, immunity, and malignancy","volume":"25","author":"Gatti","year":"1970","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)80543-3","article-title":"Thymic involution with ageing: obsolescence or good housekeeping?","volume":"17","author":"George","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B152","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/43.6.B152","article-title":"Increased natural resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in senescent mice correlates with enhanced macrophage bactericidal activity","volume":"43","author":"Gervais","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(83)90085-4","article-title":"Alloreactivity. I. Effects of age and thymic hormone treatment on cell-mediated immunity in C57B1\/6NNia mice","volume":"22","author":"Ghanta","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02934997","article-title":"Thymosins and anti-thymosins: properties and clinical applications","volume":"3","author":"Goldstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med. Oncol. Tumor Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32601-0","article-title":"Patient age as a prognostic factor in prostate cancer","volume":"152","author":"Gronberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-199401000-00010","article-title":"A phase II clinical trial of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in advanced colorectal carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Hawkins","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01744728","article-title":"Effect of host age upon interleukin-2-mediated anti-tumor responses in a murine fibrosarcoma model","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(02)01169-3","article-title":"Age-related decline in cellular response to oxidative stress: links to growth factor signaling pathways with common defects","volume":"64","author":"Holbrook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(96)00070-8","article-title":"Immune abnormality in relation to nonimmune diseases in SAM mice","volume":"32","author":"Hosono","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB47","series-title":"Programmed cell death and DNA ploidy modifications may explain the differential behavior of the B16 melanoma and its B16\/F10.9 variant in young and old mice","author":"Itzhaki","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46831-X_22","article-title":"Macrophage-recognized molecules of apoptotic cells are expressed at higher levels in AKR lymphoma of aged as compared to young mice","volume":"479","author":"Itzhaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/44.6.63","article-title":"The importance of immunesenescence in the incidence and malignant properties of cancer in hosts of advanced age","volume":"44","author":"Kaesberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30244-9","article-title":"Update on immunology of head and neck cancer","volume":"77","author":"Katz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB51","first-page":"351","article-title":"Stimulatory effect of high polyunsaturated fat diet on lung metastasis from the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma in female retired breeder rats","volume":"79","author":"Katz","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(87)90043-1","article-title":"Lymphokine-activated killer cells and aging in mice: significance for defining the precursor cell","volume":"41","author":"Kawakami","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35874.x","article-title":"Experimental modulation of IL-1 production and cell surface molecule expression by levamisole","volume":"685","author":"Kimball","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB54","first-page":"391","article-title":"Direct antitumor effect of high-molecular-weight levan on Lewis lung carcinoma cells in mice","volume":"65","author":"Leibovici","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB55","first-page":"396","article-title":"Natural killer cell function is not diminished in the healthy aged and is proportional to the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood","volume":"68","author":"Ligthart","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB56","first-page":"109","article-title":"Reassessment of LAK phenomenology: a review","volume":"6","author":"Lotzova","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nat. Immun. Cell Growth Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960501)77:9<1774::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Age-related characteristics of gastric carcinoma in young and elderly patients","volume":"77","author":"Maehara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60047-4","article-title":"Age influence on the immune system","volume":"29","author":"Makinodan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(94)91592-X","article-title":"Distribution and lytic activity of NK cell subsets in the elderly","volume":"76","author":"Mariani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1999.2817","article-title":"An early-onset congenic strain of the motor neuron degeneration (mnd) mouse","volume":"66","author":"Messer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(02)00046-7","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"512","author":"Migliore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5271.70","article-title":"The aging immune system: primer and prospectus","volume":"273","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB63","first-page":"233","article-title":"Modulation of host resistance to metastasis in the lungs of aged retired breeder mice","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invasion Metastasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6332379","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy of established pulmonary metastases with LAK cells and recombinant interleukin-2","volume":"225","author":"Mule","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB65","series-title":"Hormones and Immunity","first-page":"20","article-title":"Mechanisms of glucocorticoid actions on the immune system","author":"Munck","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(92)90036-4","article-title":"Level of NK cytotoxic activity in the elderly aged more than 80 years","volume":"15","author":"Mysliwska","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.3.772","article-title":"Immunoadjuvant treatment of primary grafted and spontaneous AKR-leukemia. I. Treatment efficiency correlated to autoimmune reactivity","volume":"122","author":"Olsson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.12.4414","article-title":"Aging and immunity to tuberculosis: increased susceptibility of old mice reflects a decreased capacity to generate mediator T lymphocytes","volume":"138","author":"Orme","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB69","first-page":"415","article-title":"Current state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action of BCG","volume":"8","author":"Patard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01145-6","article-title":"Immunosenescence","volume":"18","author":"Pawelec","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1975.242","article-title":"Cancer and ageing in mice and men","volume":"32","author":"Peto","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1977.1","article-title":"Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. Analysis and examples","volume":"35","author":"Peto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4031.170","article-title":"The immune reaction as a stimulator of tumor growth","volume":"176","author":"Prehn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB74","first-page":"134","article-title":"Evaluation of lymphokine-activated killer cell development in young and old healthy humans","volume":"14","author":"Provinciali","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1997.0265","article-title":"Generation of human lymphokine-activated killer cells following an IL-2 pulse in elderly cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Provinciali","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(85)90081-8","article-title":"Interleukin-2 production and activity in aged humans","volume":"32","author":"Rabinowich","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198020020-00001","article-title":"The general immunopharmacology of levamisole","volume":"20","author":"Renoux","year":"1980","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB78","series-title":"Geriatric Oncology","first-page":"181","article-title":"Biologic therapies in cancer patients: implications for treatment in older patients","author":"Rosen","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(79)90090-3","article-title":"Hormone action during aging: alterations and mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Roth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB80","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of BCG: towards a new individualized therapeutic approach?","volume":"10","author":"Saint","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB81","first-page":"121","article-title":"Breast cancer in elderly women","volume":"26","author":"Schottenfeld","year":"1971","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB82","first-page":"20","article-title":"Host defense mechanisms and aging","volume":"16","author":"Schwab","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1984-11-1238","article-title":"Stimulation of immunoreactivity against endogenous retroviruses and protection against leukemia in aged AKR mice after vaccination with antibodies to viral surface components. The role of antibodies to p15(E)","volume":"39","author":"Schwarz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11138","article-title":"Calorie restriction suppresses subgenomic mink cytopathic focus-forming murine leukemia virus transcription and frequency of genomic expression while impairing lymphoma formation","volume":"88","author":"Shields","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.115.1.307","article-title":"Change of cell-mediated cytotoxicity with aging","volume":"115","author":"Shigemoto","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB86","first-page":"137","article-title":"Chemoimmunotherapy of MC-induced mouse sarcomas with human recombinant interleukin 2 and cyclophosphamide: age-dependent decline of the therapeutic efficacy","volume":"35","author":"Simova","year":"1989","journal-title":"Folia Biol. (Praha)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB87","first-page":"277","article-title":"Immunosuppression as a homeostatic mechanism in disease and aging","volume":"121B","author":"Strausser","year":"1979","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.133.10.1256","article-title":"Aging and the skin immune system","volume":"133","author":"Sunderkotter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(96)00036-8","article-title":"Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): a novel murine model of senescence","volume":"32","author":"Takeda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01742370","article-title":"Age-related decrease of pulmonary metastasis of rat mammary carcinoma by activated natural resistance","volume":"31","author":"Takeichi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB91","first-page":"4277","article-title":"Perspectives for antitumor therapy based on the recognition mechanism by which macrophages identify undesirable foreign and native cells and molecules","volume":"22","author":"Takiguchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB92","first-page":"183","article-title":"Surgery in the older patient","volume":"16","author":"Termuhlen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncology (Huntingt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB93","first-page":"3097","article-title":"Role of the thymus and T-cells in slow growth of B16 melanoma in old mice","volume":"47","author":"Tsuda","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(84)90047-2","article-title":"Loss of responsiveness in senescent human TIG-1 cells to the DNA synthesis-inducing effect of various growth factors","volume":"27","author":"Tsuji","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/50.1.125","article-title":"Repetitive administration of BCG in prevention and treatment of spontaneous leukemia of AKR mice","volume":"50","author":"Ungaro","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.1.527","article-title":"Rescue of the tumor-specific immune response of aged mice in vitro","volume":"133","author":"Urban","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB97","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thymic control in expression of natural killer activity in AKR and C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"135D","author":"Vaillier","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Immunol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/11.3.361","article-title":"Prolonged survival of female AKR mice fed diets supplemented with methoinine and choline","volume":"11","author":"Wainfan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB99","series-title":"Effects of age on tumor resistance, immunotherapy and macrophage function","author":"Wallace","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s002620050284","article-title":"Suppressive effects of Lactobacillus casei cells, a bacterial immunostimulant, on the incidence of spontaneous thymic lymphoma in AKR mice","volume":"42","author":"Watanabe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(98)00046-1","article-title":"Aging and the adrenal cortex","volume":"33","author":"Yen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB102","first-page":"161","article-title":"Responsiveness of senescent mice to the antitumor properties of Corynebacterium parvum","volume":"36","author":"Yuhas","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035_BIB103","first-page":"722","article-title":"A direct relationship between immune competence and the subcutaneous growth rate of a malignant murine lung tumor","volume":"34","author":"Yuhas","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556504001251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556504001251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T04:07:38Z","timestamp":1705118858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0531556504001251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0531556504001251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2004.03.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0531-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0531-5565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}