{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:29:51Z","timestamp":1787884191703,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:05:08Z","timestamp":1653523508000},"page":"111853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of casein hydrolysate intake on cerebral neural regulation during cognitive tasks in the elderly"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-006-9002-x","article-title":"Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"issue":"348","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0010","article-title":"Tryptophan-tyrosine dipeptide, the core sequence of \u03b2-lactolin, improves memory by modulating the dopamine system","volume":"11","author":"Ano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101909","article-title":"Tryptophan-related dipeptides in fermented dairy products suppress microglial activation and prevent cognitive decline","volume":"11","author":"Ano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.48","article-title":"Dopamine modulates reward-related vigor","volume":"38","author":"Beierholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563265","article-title":"Conceptual processing during the conscious resting state: a functional MRI study","volume":"11","author":"Binder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.09.006","article-title":"Memory and executive function in aging and AD: multiple factors that cause decline and reserve factors that compensate","volume":"44","author":"Buckner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","article-title":"The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease","volume":"1124","author":"Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.37.5.715","article-title":"Changes in executive control across the life span: examination of task-switching performance","volume":"37","author":"Cepeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900234106","article-title":"Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering","volume":"106","author":"Christoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.031","article-title":"When less means more : deactivations during encoding that predict subsequent memory","volume":"23","author":"Daselaar","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.07.001","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of the default mode network in Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Delaveau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(92)90007-D","article-title":"The role of dopamine in mood disorders","volume":"33","author":"Diehl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(99)00029-4","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex activation in task switching: an event-related fMRI study","volume":"9","author":"Dove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cogn. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20113","article-title":"Spontaneous low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations: an fMRI investigation of the resting-state default mode of brain function hypothesis","volume":"26","author":"Fransson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042568532","article-title":"Default-mode activity during a passive sensory task : uncoupled from deactivation but impacting activation","volume":"16","author":"Greicius","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.64.329","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of soy and casein-derived peptide administration on tyrosine and catecholamine metabolism in the mouse brain","volume":"64","author":"Hino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2017.1282807","article-title":"Soy peptide ingestion augments the synthesis and metabolism of noradrenaline in the mouse brain","volume":"81","author":"Imai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70037-7","article-title":"Effects of L-theanine-caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: a proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT","volume":"10","author":"Kahathuduwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.008","article-title":"Competition between functional brain networks mediates behavioral variability","volume":"39","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(00)00016-1","article-title":"Modulation of task related neural activity in task switching: an fMRI study","volume":"10","author":"Kimberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cogn. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00399","article-title":"Supplementation with whey peptide rich in beta-lactolin improves cognitive performance in healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Kita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.124","article-title":"Age-related differences in response regulation as revealed by functional MRI","volume":"1076","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.99.1.235-246","article-title":"Visual analogue scale correlates of musculoskeletal fatigue","volume":"99","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.08.007","article-title":"The neural and genetic basis of executive function: attention, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition","volume":"123","author":"Logue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0125","first-page":"67","article-title":"Soy peptide dietary supplementation increases serum dopamine level and improves cognitive dysfunction in subjects with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"41","author":"Maebuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"5810","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131295","article-title":"Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought","volume":"315","author":"Mason","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01676.x","article-title":"Sensitivity and accuracy of the visual analogue scale: a psycho-physical classroom experiment","volume":"6","author":"Maxwell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171515","article-title":"Administration of bovine casein-derived peptide prevents cognitive decline in alzheimer disease model mice","volume":"12","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"Pt1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg020","article-title":"Age effects on the neural correlates of successful memory encoding","volume":"126","author":"Morcom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000803600404","article-title":"Effects of milk casein-derived peptides on absolute oxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal area and on work efficiency after mental stress loading in male students","volume":"36","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa2.29.103","article-title":"Influences of casein hydrolysate ingestion on cerebral activity, autonomic nerve activity, and anxiety","volume":"29","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.023","article-title":"Association between intake of dairy products and short-term memory with and without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors: A twin study","volume":"35","author":"Ogata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0165","article-title":"Executive functions and screening for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Pakzad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychopathologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676","article-title":"A default mode of brain function","volume":"98","author":"Raichle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq015","article-title":"Oxytocin, dopamine, and the amygdala: a neurofunctional model of social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030867","article-title":"Effects of casein hydrolysate ingestion on thermoregulatory responses in healthy adults during exercise in heated conditions: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"12","author":"Sakata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3526-1","article-title":"Green tea extract enhances parieto-frontal connectivity during working memory processing","volume":"231","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-008-9056-x","article-title":"The impact of age-related changes on working memory functional activity","volume":"3","author":"Steffener","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5689-09.2010","article-title":"Contribution of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors to amygdala activity in human","volume":"30","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42099-9","article-title":"Brain-transportable dipeptides across the blood-brain barrier in mice","volume":"9","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e31815e6254","article-title":"Executive functions deficit in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"20","author":"Traykov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1727","article-title":"The neural basis of momentary lapses in attention","volume":"9","author":"Weissman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S253116","article-title":"Effect of the casein-derived peptide met-lys-pro on cognitive function in community-dwelling adults without dementia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Yuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9516","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4467-15.2016","article-title":"Dopamine manipulation affects response vigor independently of opportunity cost","volume":"36","author":"Z\u00e9non","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556522001619?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556522001619?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T03:41:15Z","timestamp":1759981275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0531556522001619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0531556522001619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853","relation":{},"ISSN":["0531-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0531-5565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of casein hydrolysate intake on cerebral neural regulation during cognitive tasks in the elderly","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Gerontology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111853","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111853"}}