{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:20:16Z","timestamp":1792192816357,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RES-590-28-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES-590-28-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K013351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K013351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/KO232331\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/KO232331\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL036310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL036310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG034454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG034454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006406","name":"Earth and Life Systems Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT087640MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT087640MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018954","name":"Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011417","name":"United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T01:59:51Z","timestamp":1658282391000},"page":"111901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Social frailty increases the risk of all-cause mortality: A longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Francesco Saverio","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia J.","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-017-0414-7","article-title":"Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Bunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0010","series-title":"Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R)","first-page":"363","author":"Eaton","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x","article-title":"Inflamm-aging: an evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence","volume":"908","author":"Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38072-7","article-title":"The role of frailty in predicting mortality and readmission in older adults in acute care wards: a prospective study","volume":"9","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02466-6","article-title":"The association of social frailty with intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019954","article-title":"Impact of social frailty in hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure: a FRAGILE-HF registry subanalysis","volume":"10","author":"Jujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0040","article-title":"Beyond physical impairment: the role of social frailty in heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Keshvani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0067-3","article-title":"Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: association with depression and food diversity","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020818","article-title":"Association of social frailty with physical health, cognitive function, psychological health, and life satisfaction in community-dwelling older Koreans","volume":"18","author":"Ko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1054-0","article-title":"Social frailty is associated with physical functioning, cognition, and depression, and predicts mortality","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.05.015","article-title":"Social isolation and self-reported cognitive decline among older adults in Japan: a longitudinal study in the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"22","author":"Noguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0065","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social frailty and executive function: association with geriatric syndromes, life space and quality of life in healthy community-dwelling older adults","author":"Ong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124239","article-title":"Social frailty is independently associated with mood, nutrition, physical performance, and physical activity: insights from a theory-guided approach","volume":"17","author":"Pek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0080","article-title":"Associations between frailty and inflammation, physical, and psycho-social health in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"635","author":"Pothier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs009","article-title":"Multimorbidity in older adults","volume":"35","author":"Salive","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264320930452","article-title":"Trends in the mortality risk of living alone during old age in Sweden, 1992\u20132011","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17816-0","article-title":"Culture and social support: neural bases and biological impact","volume":"178","author":"Sherman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0100","series-title":"Review of poverty dynamics research in the UK","author":"Smith","year":"2007"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.04.013","article-title":"Biopsychosocial frailty and the risk of incident dementia: the italian longitudinal study on aging","volume":"15","author":"Solfrizzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys168","article-title":"Cohort profile: the english longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"42","author":"Steptoe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0756-6","article-title":"Relationship of relative poverty and social relationship on mortality around retirement: a 10-year follow-up of the Komo-Ise cohort","volume":"23","author":"Tanaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4673","article-title":"Frailty and incident depression in community-dwelling older people: results from the ELSA study","volume":"32","author":"Veronese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111624","article-title":"Multimorbidity increases the risk for sarcopenia onset: longitudinal analyses from the english longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"156","author":"Veronese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0130","series-title":"Poverty, Health, and Covid-19","volume":"372","author":"Whitehead","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0070","series-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic","year":"2000"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.09.013","article-title":"Social frailty predicts incident disability and mortality among community-dwelling japanese older adults","volume":"19","author":"Yamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556522002091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556522002091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:56:13Z","timestamp":1777571773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0531556522002091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0531556522002091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901","relation":{},"ISSN":["0531-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0531-5565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Social frailty increases the risk of all-cause mortality: A longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Gerontology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111901","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111901"}}