{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:22:43Z","timestamp":1789874563698,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020423","name":"Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG 020494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG 020494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T22:34:50Z","timestamp":1743546890000},"page":"112745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["miRNA and piRNA differential expression profiles in Alzheimer's disease: A potential source of pathology and tool for diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Landon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumudu","family":"Subasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Sumien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00124-X","article-title":"Inflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Akiyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0010","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia. https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/facts-figures (accessed 2024-10-31)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3754","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043754","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an updated overview of its genetics","volume":"24","author":"Andrade-Guerrero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0020","unstructured":"Andrews, S. Babraham Bioinformatics - FastQC A Quality Control tool for High Throughput Sequence Data. http:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/ (accessed 2025-01-02)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.732900","article-title":"Early detection and investigation of extracellular vesicles biomarkers in breast Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Bandini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.243162","article-title":"miR-206 enforces a slow muscle phenotype","volume":"133","author":"Bjorkman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.243162","article-title":"miR-206 enforces a slow muscle phenotype","volume":"133","author":"Bjorkman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0045","article-title":"Clinical application of CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from rationale to ratios","volume":"14","author":"Bouwman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","article-title":"BLAST+: architecture and applications","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13225","article-title":"Reduced neurogenesis in human Hippocampus with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00241-3","article-title":"Effect of statins on lipid metabolism-related microRNA expression in HepG2 cells","volume":"73","author":"Cerda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.06.019","article-title":"Four distinct subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on resting-state connectivity biomarkers","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D127","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz757","article-title":"miRDB: an online database for prediction of functional microRNA targets","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1423-y","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2018.03.004","article-title":"Identification and analysis of human sex-biased MicroRNAs","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04406-y","article-title":"miRNA-486-5p: signaling targets and role in non-malignant disease","volume":"79","author":"Douvris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0663-0","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: are we intervening too late?","volume":"118","author":"Emery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pro. J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-018-0631-y","article-title":"Effect of dietary components on miRNA and colorectal carcinogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Fadaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faiz, A.; Steiling, K.; Roffel, M. P.; Postma, D. S.; Spira, A.; Lenburg, M. E.; Borggrewe, M.; Eijgenraam, T. R.; Jonker, M. R.; Koppelman, G. H.; Pouwels, S. D.; Liu, G.; Alekseyev, Y. O.; Lam, S.; Hiemstra, P. S.; Sterk, P. J.; Timens, W.; Brandsma, C.-A.; Heijink, I. H.; Berge, M. van den. Effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment on microRNA and gene-expression profiles in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2019, 53 (4). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01202-2018.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01202-2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FTS3\u201301-01: HISTORY OF AMYLOID PET - Klunk - 2018 - Alzheimer's & Dementia - Wiley Online Library. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.2756 (accessed 2024-10-18).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.2756"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.229","article-title":"A randomized pilot clinical trial of the safety of pioglitazone in treatment of patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"68","author":"Geldmacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052648","article-title":"Sex-biased expression and response of microRNAs in neurological diseases and Neurotrauma","volume":"25","author":"Geleta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700731R","article-title":"Declining levels of functionally specialized synaptic proteins in plasma neuronal exosomes with progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Goetzl","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-021-00730-1","article-title":"The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular Signalling","volume":"19","author":"Gurung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Communication and Signaling"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01671-0","article-title":"Exosome biogenesis: machinery, regulation, and therapeutic implications in Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108224","article-title":"miR-4516 inhibits the apoptosis of RB tumor cells by targeting the PTEN\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"200","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, M.; Tran, N. miRNA interplay: mechanisms and consequences in Cancer. Dis. Model. Mech. 2021, 14 (4), dmm047662. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.047662.","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.047662"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2003.5.1\/hhippius","article-title":"The discovery of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Hippius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"s2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S235","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230872","article-title":"Small RNA profiles of brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060614-034258","article-title":"PIWI-interacting RNA: its biogenesis and functions","volume":"84","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12153","article-title":"The APOE \u03954 exerts differential effects on familial and other subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13856","article-title":"A somatic piRNA pathway in the Drosophila fat body ensures metabolic homeostasis and Normal lifespan","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.12.012","article-title":"Transethnic genome-wide scan identifies novel Alzheimer disease loci","volume":"13","author":"Jun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0175","article-title":"The Metabolism Hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: From the Concept of Central Insulin Resistance and Associated Consequences to Insulin Therapy","volume":"122","author":"K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria\u00a0: 1996)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","article-title":"Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D672","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae909","article-title":"KEGG: biological systems database as a model of the real world","volume":"53","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.070","article-title":"Sex differences in miRNA expression and Cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic adolescents with obesity","volume":"235","author":"Karere","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215699","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: key insights from two decades of clinical trial failures","volume":"87","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-018-1492-8","article-title":"The influence of paternal diet on sncRNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance","volume":"294","author":"Klastrup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genomics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103192","article-title":"Brain cell-derived exosomes in plasma serve as neurodegeneration biomarkers in male Cynomolgus monkeys self-administrating oxycodone","volume":"63","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82459","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19614","article-title":"Comprehensive microRNA-sequencing of exosomes derived from head and neck carcinoma cells in vitro reveals common secretion profiles and potential utility as salivary biomarkers","volume":"8","author":"Langevin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050712","article-title":"VEGF mediates retinal M\u00fcller cell viability and neuroprotection through BDNF in diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.04.005","article-title":"BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity","volume":"76 Pt C","author":"Leal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23588","article-title":"miR-206 regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer disease model","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00043","article-title":"The role of NMDA receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1629-z","article-title":"Prediction of functional microRNA targets by integrative modeling of microRNA binding and target expression data","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-Seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1267550","article-title":"Age-related changes in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: morphology, gene expression profile, immunomodulatory activity and miRNA expression","volume":"14","author":"Massaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170913164738","article-title":"The transport mechanism of extracellular vesicles at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"23","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1994.11.3","article-title":"Endogenous neuroprotection factors and traumatic brain injury: mechanisms of action and implications for therapy","volume":"11","author":"Mattson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7710","article-title":"Effect of diet on microRNA expression in ovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues","volume":"92","author":"Meale","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2020.02.002","article-title":"Assessment of separation methods for extracellular vesicles from human and mouse brain tissues and human cerebrospinal fluids","volume":"177","author":"Muraoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180578","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle biomarkers track cognitive changes following intranasal insulin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"69","author":"Mustapic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.708278","article-title":"Age-related Exosomal and endogenous expression patterns of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 in skeletal muscles","volume":"12","author":"Mytidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39873-0","article-title":"Age-related gene and miRNA expression changes in Airways of Healthy Individuals","volume":"9","author":"Ong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ornish, D.; Madison, C.; Kivipelto, M.; Kemp, C.; McCulloch, C. E.; Galasko, D.; Artz, J.; Rentz, D.; Lin, J.; Norman, K.; Ornish, A.; Tranter, S.; DeLamarter, N.; Wingers, N.; Richling, C.; Kaddurah-Daouk, R.; Knight, R.; McDonald, D.; Patel, L.; Verdin, E.; E. Tanzi, R.; Arnold, S. E. Effects of intensive lifestyle changes on the progression of mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 2024, 16, 122. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-024-01482-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01482-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031170","article-title":"BDNF as a promising therapeutic agent in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Palasz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232213954","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: treatment strategies and their limitations","volume":"23","author":"Passeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1495035","article-title":"Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in stem cells and disease","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1243","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae974","article-title":"The UCSC genome browser database: 2025 update","volume":"53","author":"Perez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0325","unstructured":"PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) Database - piRNAdb. https:\/\/www.pirnadb.org\/ (accessed 2025-01-02)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0330","unstructured":"PIWI-Interacting RNA: Its Biogenesis and Functions - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25747396\/ (accessed 2024-12-28)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0335","unstructured":"QIAGEN. RNA-seq Analysis & Biomarker Discovery Portal | GeneGlobe. https:\/\/geneglobe.qiagen.com\/us\/analyze\/rnaseq-analysis-and-biomarker-discovery-portal, https:\/\/geneglobe.qiagen.com\/us\/analyze\/rnaseq-analysis-and-biomarker-discovery-portal (accessed 2025-01-13)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0340","unstructured":"QIAGEN RNA-Seq Analysis Portal. https:\/\/rnaportal.qiagen.com\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0345","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.11.024","article-title":"Small non-coding RNA expression from anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia shows sex specific regulation","volume":"183","author":"Ragan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.057","article-title":"A role for neuronal piRNAs in the epigenetic control of memory-related synaptic plasticity","volume":"149","author":"Rajasethupathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheltens, P.; Strooper, B. D.; Kivipelto, M.; Holstege, H.; Ch\u00e9telat, G.; Teunissen, C. E.; Cummings, J.; Flier, W. M. van der. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet (London, England) 2021, 397 (10284), 1577. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45409-4","article-title":"Rapid purification and multiparametric characterization of circulating small extracellular vesicles utilizing a label-free lab-on-a-Chip device","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69707-7","article-title":"High fat diet affects the hippocampal expression of miRNAs targeting brain plasticity-related genes","volume":"14","author":"Spinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0375","unstructured":"Stages of Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia. https:\/\/alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/stages (accessed 2025-01-02)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00813-8","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, phase 2b proof-of-concept clinical trial in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease with Lecanemab, an anti-a\u03b2 Protofibril antibody","volume":"13","author":"Swanson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, Y.; Satoh, M.; Minami, Y.; Tabuchi, T.; Itoh, T.; Nakamura, M. Expression of miR-146a\/b Is Associated with the Toll-like Receptor 4 Signal in Coronary Artery Disease: Effect of Renin\u2013Angiotensin System Blockade and Statins on miRNA-146a\/b and Toll-like Receptor 4 Levels. Clin. Sci. 2010, 119 (9), 395\u2013405. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20100003.","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00293-4","article-title":"Dicers at RISC: the mechanism of RNAi","volume":"117","author":"Tijsterman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01146-y","article-title":"Neuropathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Trejo-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148791","article-title":"Sex-associated microRNAs potentially implicated in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease (sAD)","volume":"1829","author":"Tsamou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2700-13.2014","article-title":"BDNF mediates neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation by the cardiac glycoside Oleandrin","volume":"34","author":"Van Kanegan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00528-0","article-title":"Emerging roles and functional mechanisms of PIWI-interacting RNAs","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"What is Alzheimer's? Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia. https:\/\/alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/what-is-alzheimers (accessed 2024-10-18).","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5764-dn-2024-e001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0420","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting Omics data. The","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14717","article-title":"Screening the expression of several miRNAs from TaqMan low density Array in traumatic brain injury: miR-219a-5p regulates neuronal apoptosis by modulating CCNA2 and CACUL1","volume":"150","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0430","first-page":"284","article-title":"clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"A Journal of Integr. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020278","article-title":"Multiple subtypes of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Base on brain atrophy pattern","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052469","article-title":"Dysregulation of human somatic piRNA expression in Parkinson\u2019s disease subtypes and stages","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S264498","article-title":"Exosome: a review of its classification, isolation techniques, storage, diagnostic and targeted therapy applications","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.93","article-title":"Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs across the developing human brain","volume":"19","author":"Ziats","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556525000749?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556525000749?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:38:29Z","timestamp":1778042309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0531556525000749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0531556525000749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0531-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0531-5565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"miRNA and piRNA differential expression profiles in Alzheimer's disease: A potential source of pathology and tool for diagnosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Gerontology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112745","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112745"}}