{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:40:58Z","timestamp":1792194058506,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1765237836000},"page":"112989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Longitudinal changes of sarcopenia status and risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Kaixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12483","article-title":"Sarcopenia: a time for action. An SCWD position paper","volume":"10","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf115","article-title":"Evolution of sarcopenia status and risk of incident cardiovascular disease","author":"Bing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001795","article-title":"Walking pace is associated with lower risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality","volume":"51","author":"Celis-Morales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.881121","article-title":"Body mass index combined with possible sarcopenia status is better than BMI or possible sarcopenia status alone for predicting all-cause mortality among Asian community-dwelling older adults","volume":"9","author":"Chalermsri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian working Group for Sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4467","article-title":"Muscle wasting in disease: molecular mechanisms and promising therapies","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"10191","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010211","article-title":"Sarcopenia and heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Curcio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101264","article-title":"Association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"44","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0046","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: pathway-selective insulin resistance and microvascular complications of diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Groop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.12.017","article-title":"Trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"145","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1390-8","article-title":"The predictive value of sarcopenia and its individual criteria for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in suburb-dwelling older Chinese","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e299","article-title":"Presence of sarcopenia and its rate of change are independently associated with long-term mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"33","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050544","article-title":"A low-protein diet for diabetic kidney disease: its effect and molecular mechanism, an approach from animal studies","volume":"10","author":"Kitada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12651","article-title":"Sarcopenia: prevalence, associated factors, and the risk of mortality and disability in Japanese older adults","volume":"12","author":"Kitamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019337","article-title":"Associations of skeletal muscle mass and fat mass with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank participants","volume":"10","author":"Knowles","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02566-w","article-title":"Relationship between malnutrition and possible sarcopenia in the AWGS 2019 consensus affecting mortality in hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Kono","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz228","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms and risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a Nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130740","article-title":"Relationship between stage of chronic kidney disease and sarcopenia in Korean aged 40 years and older using the Korea National Health and nutrition examination surveys (KNHANES IV-2, 3, and V-1, 2), 2008-2011","volume":"10","author":"Moon","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0553-x","article-title":"A positive association between stroke risk and sarcopenia in men aged \u2265 50 years, but not women: results from the Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey 2008-2010","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0110","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Long-term enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation benefits cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle strength in Men with cardiovascular disease","volume":"35","author":"Pryzbek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00840-y","article-title":"Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: what have we learned so far?","volume":"34","author":"Sabatino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12755","article-title":"Predictive impact of sarcopenia in solid cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Takenaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cachexia. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032432","article-title":"Associations of fitness, physical activity, strength, and genetic risk with cardiovascular disease: longitudinal analyses in the UK biobank study","volume":"137","author":"Tikkanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0135","first-page":"551","article-title":"Anthropometric equation for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults","volume":"20","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00775-3","article-title":"Relationships between level and change in sarcopenia and other body composition components and adverse health outcomes: findings from the health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"108","author":"Westbury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247617","article-title":"Sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors among older Chinese population: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.03.011","article-title":"Association of grip strength with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer in community-dwelling populations: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.06.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia, sarcopenic overweight\/obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiac arrhythmia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"40","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17421-w","article-title":"Tobacco smoke and all-cause mortality and premature death in China: a cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.01.002","article-title":"Falls among older adults with sarcopenia dwelling in nursing home or community: a meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","article-title":"Cohort profile: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381273","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1381273","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older people in China and associations with chronic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556525003183?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556525003183?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:38:37Z","timestamp":1781771917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0531556525003183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0531556525003183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989","relation":{},"ISSN":["0531-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0531-5565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Longitudinal changes of sarcopenia status and risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Gerontology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2025.112989","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112989"}}