{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T21:07:30Z","timestamp":1794258450014,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002380","name":"Hanyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HY-202400000001631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HY-202400000001631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T08:28:15Z","timestamp":1769070495000},"page":"113041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Muscle\u2013brain axis mechanisms linking community-based exercise to cognitive function in older adults: A five-arm randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"given":"Jiadong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongying","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0005","article-title":"Evaluation of adiposity and cognitive function in adults","volume":"5","author":"Anand","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0010","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Sarcopenia and cognitive decline in older adults: targeting the muscle\u2013brain axis","volume":"15","author":"Arosio","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0015","volume":"18","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"12-week concurrent brisk walking and Taijiquan (Tai Chi) improve balance, flexibility, and muscular strength of Chinese older women"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0020","article-title":"Effects of exercise on cognition and Alzheimer's biomarkers in a randomized controlled trial of adults with mild cognitive impairment: The EXERT study","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126479","article-title":"The muscle-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases: the key role of mitochondria in exercise-induced neuroprotection","volume":"22","author":"Burtscher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0030","first-page":"300","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0035","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cognitive function in adults 60 years or older with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment in China: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0040","first-page":"1402","volume":"16","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Associations of body composition with incident dementia in older adults: cardiovascular health study-cognition study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0045","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tai chi improves balance performance in healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0050","first-page":"2096","article-title":"Vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline: critical age-related conditions","volume":"12","author":"de Lima","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0055","volume":"200","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"The regular effects of concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise on global cognition in healthy elderly populations: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized trials"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0060","volume":"17","author":"Draicchio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Does energy restriction and loss of body fat account for the effect of intermittent fasting on cognitive function?"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0065","volume":"14","author":"Gallucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Improving diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal cognitive assessment to identify post-stroke cognitive impairment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0070","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Unlocking the potential of exercise: harnessing myokines to delay musculoskeletal aging and improve cognitive health"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0075","volume":"19","author":"Ga\u017earov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"The use of different anthropometric indices to assess the body composition of young women in relation to the incidence of obesity, sarcopenia and the premature mortality risk"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0080","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tai Ji Quan: an overview of its history, health benefits, and cultural value"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0085","volume":"19","author":"Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comparative study on the joint biomechanics of different skill level practitioners in Chen-style Tai Chi punching"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0090","article-title":"Physical activity and cognitive decline among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Iso-Markku","year":"2024"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0095","volume":"7","author":"Jayedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0100","volume":"23","author":"Kapan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Assessment of muscle fatigability using isometric repetitive handgrip strength in frail older adults. A cross-sectional study"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0105","article-title":"Brain function effects of exercise interventions for cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Karamacoska","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0110","volume":"15","author":"Kostka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Muscle\u2013brain crosstalk mediated by exercise-induced myokines-insights from experimental studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0115","volume":"11","author":"Kuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"The effects of different types of Tai Chi exercise on anxiety and depression in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0120","article-title":"System design and simulation for square dance movement monitoring based on Mach","volume":"2022","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0125","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Impact of exercise type, duration, and intensity on depressive symptoms in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0135","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Associations between sarcopenia (defined by low muscle mass), inflammatory markers, and all-cause mortality in older adults: mediation analyses in a large US NHANES community sample, 1999\u20132006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0140","article-title":"Effects of different resistance exercise forms on body composition and muscle strength in overweight and\/or obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0130","first-page":"3087","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of typical lower limb movements of Chen-style Tai Chi on knee joint","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0145","first-page":"251","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 signaling links cognitive impairments and peripheral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Lyra e Silva","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-023-00923-6","article-title":"The effect of Tai chi exercise intervention on sleep quality in community residing older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Geriatric Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0155","volume":"181","author":"Mekhora","year":"2024","journal-title":"An overview of the relationship between inflammation and cognitive function in humans, molecular pathways and the impact of nutraceuticals"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0160","volume":"16","author":"Nilsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity and metabolic disease impair the anabolic response to protein supplementation and resistance exercise: a retrospective analysis of a randomized clinical trial with implications for aging, sarcopenic obesity, and weight management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0165","first-page":"491","volume":"31","author":"Pinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD) in the elderly?"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0170","volume":"13","author":"Podolski","year":"2023","journal-title":"The impact of dance movement interventions on psychological health in older adults without dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0175","first-page":"85","article-title":"The role of physical function and physical activity on cognitive function in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Qi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0180","volume":"16","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Effects of traditional Chinese exercises or their integration with medical treatments on cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0185","article-title":"Associations between starting to exercise in later life and survival among older adults: a nationwide, community-based, prospective cohort study in China","volume":"11","author":"Ruan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0190","volume":"161","author":"Stefanakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"The impact of weight loss on fat-free mass, muscle, bone and hematopoiesis health: implications for emerging pharmacotherapies aiming at fat reduction and lean mass preservation"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0195","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Effects of a 12-week Pilates program on functional physical fitness and basal metabolic rate in community-dwelling middle-aged women: a quasi-experimental study"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-023-1928-7","article-title":"Impact of exercise and cognitive stimulation therapy on physical function, cognition and muscle mass in pre-frail older adults in the primary care setting: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115082","article-title":"Impacts of aerobic exercise and whole-body vibration interventions on myokines and neurocognitive performance in postmenopausal women","volume":"302","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60121916","article-title":"Exploring the connections between grip strength, nutritional status, frailty, depression, and cognition as initial assessment tools in geriatric rehabilitation\u2014a pilot study","volume":"60","author":"Vancea Nemirschi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0215","first-page":"1443","volume":"32","author":"Venegas-Sanabria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions in cognitive impairment: systematic review and network meta-analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0220","series-title":"Investigating the mediating effect of myokines on exercise-induced cognitive changes in older adults: a living systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Vints","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0225","first-page":"15","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to adherence to walking group exercise in older people living with dementia in the community: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Vseteckova","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0245","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Effects of tai chi chuan on cognitive function in adults 60 years or older with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0250","first-page":"895","article-title":"Training and retention effects of paced and music-synchronised walking exercises on pre-older females: an interventional study","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0255","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Association of low muscle mass with cognitive function and mortality in USA seniors: results from NHANES 1999\u20132002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000535339","article-title":"Exercise regulates myokines in aging-related diseases through muscle-brain crosstalk","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0235","first-page":"156","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Effects of square dance exercise on cognitive function in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: the mediating role of balance ability and executive function"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0240","first-page":"212","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addressing healthy aging in China: practices and prospects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0260","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"The relationship between physical activity, physical health, and mental health among older Chinese adults: a scoping review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0265","first-page":"2","article-title":"Effects of population aging on quality of life and disease burden: a population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Xi","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0270","first-page":"328","article-title":"Tai Chi for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine: protocol of a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial with mechanism exploration","volume":"23","author":"Xie","year":"2023"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0280","first-page":"1585","article-title":"Effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on cognition, metabolic health, physical function, and health-related quality of life in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-01033-8","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of physical exercise on white matter integrity and cognitive function in older adults","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2025.105775","article-title":"Effects of dance interventions on cognitive function, balance, mobility, and life quality in older adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0290","first-page":"593","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between lipid metabolism and cognition in individuals living with stable-phase Schizophrenia: a small cross-sectional study using Olink proteomics analysis","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0295","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi and resistance exercise on fatigue in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041_bb0300","volume":"23","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comparing the efficacy of low-load resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction versus conventional-load resistance exercise in Chinese community-dwelling older people with sarcopenic obesity: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial"}],"container-title":["Experimental Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556526000197?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0531556526000197?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:58:02Z","timestamp":1777571882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0531556526000197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0531556526000197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0531-5565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0531-5565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Muscle\u2013brain axis mechanisms linking community-based exercise to cognitive function in older adults: A five-arm randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Gerontology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2026.113041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113041"}}