{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T08:48:26Z","timestamp":1776070106924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EXPLORE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T23:35:24Z","timestamp":1754955324000},"page":"103238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Internet-based and mobile device-based cognitive behavioral therapy on tinnitus intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Qinan","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9904","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres12030029","article-title":"Definition of tinnitus","volume":"12","author":"Messina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Audiol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","article-title":"Global Prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Jarach","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26107","article-title":"Relationships between tinnitus and the prevalence of anxiety and depression","volume":"127","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.009","article-title":"Tinnitus and risk of attempted suicide: a one year follow-up study","volume":"322","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.15190\/d.2021.16","article-title":"The pathological mechanisms and treatments of tinnitus","volume":"9","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Discoveries"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2016.2632","article-title":"Comparison of long-term outcome of intratympanic dexamethasone therapy between acute noise-induced tinnitus and acute idiopathic tinnitus","volume":"13","author":"Shim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20230358","article-title":"The out-of-pocket expenses of people with tinnitus in Europe","volume":"34","author":"Jarach","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.10.017","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic subjective tinnitus","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000947036.33633.84","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for patients suffering with tinnitus distress","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.04.007","article-title":"Use of a self-help book with weekly therapist contact to reduce tinnitus distress: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Kaldo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.04.012","article-title":"Can adding personalized rule-based feedback improve the therapeutic effect of self-help digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in young adults?","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100564","article-title":"The Fudan Tinnitus Relieving System (FTRS): the initial results of a smartphone application for tinnitus management and treatment","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001112","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of subjective tinnitus in Australia","volume":"43","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.2238","article-title":"Effectiveness of guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy vs face-to-face clinical care for treatment of tinnitus: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"144","author":"Beukes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2007.10.003","article-title":"Internet versus group cognitive-behavioral treatment of distress associated with tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Kaldo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27584","article-title":"Internet-based audiologist-guided cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Beukes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000360705","article-title":"Internet-based guided self-help versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Jasper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000310","article-title":"Internet-delivered cognitive-behavior therapy for tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Weise","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000337","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic tinnitus","volume":"2","author":"Walter","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027021","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus","volume":"80","author":"Hesser","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894241297594","article-title":"Smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy and customized sound therapy for tinnitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"134","author":"Goshtasbi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100402","article-title":"Dismantling internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus. The contribution of applied relaxation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Beukes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract14040130","article-title":"Individuals with tinnitus report more positive experiences following internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Manchaiah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911268107","article-title":"Listening to tailor-made notched music reduces tinnitus loudness and tinnitus-related auditory cortex activity","volume":"107","author":"Okamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0558-7","article-title":"Clinical trial on tonal tinnitus with tailor-made notched music training","volume":"16","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/sbr.12019","article-title":"Comparisons of short-term efficacy between individual and group cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia","volume":"11","author":"Yamadera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.07.008","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in tinnitus patients are associated with brain functional network: evidence from connectome gradient and gene expression analysis","volume":"553","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149137","article-title":"The brain's duck test in phantom percepts: multisensory congruence in neuropathic pain and tinnitus","volume":"1844","author":"De Ridder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290116","article-title":"Suffering from chronic tinnitus, chronic neck pain, or both: does it impact the presence of signs and symptoms of central sensitization?","volume":"18","author":"De Meulemeester","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2020.08.001","article-title":"Differential efficacy between cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapies for chronic pain: systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Pardos-Gasc\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.01.001","article-title":"Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Andrews","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7580","article-title":"Long-term effects of an unguided online cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia","volume":"15","author":"Vedaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_AJA-18-0136","article-title":"Determining emotional tone and verbal behavior in patients with tinnitus and hyperacusis: an exploratory mixed-methods study","volume":"28","author":"Kimball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"}],"container-title":["EXPLORE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1550830725001296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1550830725001296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T23:11:32Z","timestamp":1757113892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1550830725001296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1550830725001296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-8307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-8307","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Internet-based and mobile device-based cognitive behavioral therapy on tinnitus intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"EXPLORE","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103238","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103238"}}