{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:15:10Z","timestamp":1778901310717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]],"date-time":"2005-01-25T19:35:59Z","timestamp":1106681759000},"page":"89-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Survival, regeneration and functional recovery of motoneurons after delayed reimplantation of avulsed spinal root in adult rat"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Huai-Yu","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Bin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai-Man","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain C.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu-Tian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib1","series-title":"Microreconstruction of Nerve Injuries","first-page":"415","article-title":"Paralysis in root avulsion of the brachial plexus: neurotization by the spinal accessory nerve","author":"Allieu","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/296150a0","article-title":"Extensive elongation of axons from rat brain into peripheral nerve grafts","volume":"296","author":"Benfey","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(93)90068-3","article-title":"Behavioral evaluating methods in the objective clinical assessment of motor function after experimental brachial plexus reconstruction in the rat","volume":"46","author":"Bertelli","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.1.0107","article-title":"Brachial plexus repair by peripheral nerve grafts directly into the spinal. cord in rats. Behavioral and anatomical evidence of functional recovery","volume":"81","author":"Bertelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160207","article-title":"The rat brachial plexus and its terminal branches: an experimental model for the study of peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Bertelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib6","series-title":"Microreconstruction of Nerve Injuries","first-page":"435","article-title":"Neurotization of avulsed roots of the brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of the cervical plexus","author":"Brunelli","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(93)90046-J","article-title":"Functional recovery after ventral root avulsion and implantation in the spinal cord","volume":"95","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160106","article-title":"Spinal nerve root injuries in brachial plexus lesions: basic science and clinical application of new surgical strategies. A review","volume":"16","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.4.0661","article-title":"Repair of ruptured spinal nerve roots in a brachial plexus lesion","volume":"82","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1986.tb08024.x","article-title":"Reinnervation of hind limb muscles after ventral root avulsion and implantation in the lumbar spinal cord of the adult rat","volume":"128","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92342-X","article-title":"Return of function after spinal cord implantation of avulsed spinal nerve roots","volume":"346","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib12","first-page":"237","article-title":"Spinal nerve root repair and replantation of avulsed ventral root into the spinal cord after brachial plexus injury","volume":"93","author":"Carlstedt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90212-7","article-title":"Antibody against myelin-associated inhibitor of neurite growth neutralizes nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS white matter","volume":"1","author":"Caroni","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.106.4.1281","article-title":"Two membrane protein fractions from rat central myelin with inhibitory properties for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading","volume":"106","author":"Caroni","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00671-0","article-title":"Long-term effects of a single dose of brain derived neurotrophic factor on motoneuron survival following spinal root avulsion in the adult rat","volume":"274","author":"Chai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200004270-00021","article-title":"Survival and regeneration of motoneurons in adult rats by reimplantation of ventral root following spinal root avulsion","volume":"11","author":"Chai","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5274.510","article-title":"Spinal cord repair in adult paraplegic rats: partial restoration of hind limb function","volume":"273","author":"Cheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200111000-00030","article-title":"Traction avulsion amputation of the major upper limb: a proposed new classification, guidelines for acute management, and strategies for secondary reconstruction","volume":"108","author":"Chuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61933-0","article-title":"Neuron death in vertebrate development: in vitro methods","volume":"46","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90144-9","article-title":"Motoneurons reinnervate skeletal muscle after ventral root implantation into the spinal cord of the cat","volume":"29","author":"Cullheim","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6171034","article-title":"Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system \u201cbridges\u201d after central nervous system injury in adult rats","volume":"214","author":"David","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80097-8","article-title":"Double free muscle transfer to restore prehension following complete brachial plexus avulsion","volume":"20","author":"Doi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. [Am.]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7556","article-title":"Reinnervation of the biceps brachii muscle following cotransplantation of fetal spinal cord and autologous peripheral nerve into the injured cervical spinal cord of the adult rat","volume":"167","author":"Duchossoy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib24","series-title":"Operative Nerve Repair and Reconstruction","first-page":"553","article-title":"Results of nerve grafting","author":"Frykman","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1995.80","article-title":"Repairing spinal roots after brachial plexus injuries","volume":"33","author":"Glasby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90281-F","article-title":"Recovery potential of muscle after partial denervation: a comparison between rats and humans","volume":"30","author":"Gordon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80235-9","article-title":"Seventh cervical nerve root transfer from the contralateral healthy side for treatment of branchial plexus root avulsion","volume":"17","author":"Gu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. [Br]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03295.x","article-title":"Survival, regeneration and functional recovery of motoneurons in adult rats by reimplantation of ventral root following spinal root avulsion","volume":"19","author":"Gu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050627","article-title":"Spinal cord implantation of avulsed ventral roots in primates; correlation between restored motor function and morphology","volume":"124","author":"Hallin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib29","first-page":"418","article-title":"Ventral root avulsions of the cat spinal cord at the brachial plexus level (cervical 7)","volume":"28","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(93)90047-K","article-title":"Reimplantation of ventral rootlets into the cervical spinal cord after their avulsion: an anterior surgical approach","volume":"95","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.2.0234","article-title":"Reinnervation of avulsed and reimplanted ventral rootlets in the cervical spinal cord of the cat","volume":"84","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60287-3","article-title":"Functional reinnervation of a denervated skeletal muscle of the adult rat by axons regenerating from the spinal cord through a peripheral nervous system graft","volume":"78","author":"Horvat","year":"1988","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(89)90134-2","article-title":"Formation of functional endplates by spinal axons regenerating through a peripheral nerve graft. A study in the adult rat","volume":"22","author":"Horvat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520020058023","article-title":"Surgery for lesions of the brachial plexus","volume":"43","author":"Kline","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903420105","article-title":"Ventral root avulsion: an experimental model of death of adult motor neurons","volume":"342","author":"Koliatsos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-07-02739.1993","article-title":"The neurotrophic factor concept: a reexamination","volume":"13","author":"Korsching","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052308899","article-title":"Survival and regeneration of rubrospinal neurons 1 year after spinal cord injury","volume":"99","author":"Kwon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9771","article-title":"Rescue of adult mouse motoneurons from injury-induced cell death by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/373289a0","article-title":"Neuron saving schemes","volume":"373","author":"Lindsay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100591","article-title":"Lateral approach of the dog brachial plexus for ventral root reimplantation","volume":"36","author":"Moissonnier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760050024","article-title":"Treatment of brachial plexus injury","volume":"3","author":"Nagano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(89)80047-4","article-title":"Direct nerve crossing with the intercostal nerve to treat avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus","volume":"14","author":"Nagano","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. [Am.]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31834-4","article-title":"Thoughts on neurotization or nerve transfers in irreparable nerve lesions","volume":"11","author":"Narakas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12078-I","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes survival and blocks nitric oxide synthase expression in adult rat spinal motoneurons after ventral root avulsion","volume":"200","author":"Novikov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib59","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinas","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01148324","article-title":"Regeneration of long spinal axons in the rat","volume":"13","author":"Richardson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)91169-1","article-title":"Reinnervation of the ventral root L7 from ventral horn neurons following intramedullary axotomy in adult cats","volume":"280","author":"Risling","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90987-4","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the lumbosacral pia mater in normal cats and after sciatic neuroma formation","volume":"358","author":"Risling","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90272-D","article-title":"Regrowth of motor axons following spinal cord lesions: distribution of laminin and collagen in the CNS scar tissue","volume":"30","author":"Risling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib48","series-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases","author":"Rowland","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902380304","article-title":"Dendrite distribution of identified motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans","volume":"238","author":"Ruigrok","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06649.x","article-title":"Membrane and biochemical alterations after denervation and during reinnervation of mouse skeletal muscle","volume":"110","author":"Sellin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00033-1","article-title":"Experimental strategies to promote axonal regeneration after traumatic central nervous system injury","volume":"56","author":"Stichel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(20000515)60:4<511::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Rescue of lesioned adult rat spinal motoneurons by adenoviral gene transfer of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"60","author":"Watabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib53","series-title":"Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Nerve injury and repair","author":"Watchmaker","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050010027006","article-title":"Prognostic factors for the occurrence of posttraumatic epilepsy","volume":"40","author":"Weiss","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1993.1050","article-title":"Expression of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) in injured CNS neurons as shown by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry","volume":"120","author":"Wu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503767168528","article-title":"GDNF and BDNF alter the expression of neuronal NOS, c-Jun, and p75 and prevent motoneuron death following spinal root avulsion in adult rats","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488604004224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488604004224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T08:24:12Z","timestamp":1625387052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488604004224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014488604004224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}}}