{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:47:39Z","timestamp":1782283659864,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,29]],"date-time":"2006-11-29T21:26:52Z","timestamp":1164835612000},"page":"88-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Role of microglia in the pathogenesis of osmotic-induced demyelination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Seiko","family":"Takefuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Sugimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Takagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizu","family":"Hayasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Oiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10J","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90002-1","article-title":"Discovery, biochemistry and biology of lovastatin","volume":"62","author":"Alberts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1106","article-title":"Immune function of microglia","volume":"36","author":"Aloisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117282","article-title":"Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice","volume":"93","author":"Cross","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib4","first-page":"140","article-title":"Rat macrophage lysosomal membrane antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody ED1","volume":"83","author":"Damoiseaux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-001-0508-2","article-title":"Evidence for a role for apoptosis in central pontine myelinolysis","volume":"103","author":"DeLuca","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta. Neuropathol. (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.6.2560","article-title":"Antisense knockdown of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibits induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL\/J mice","volume":"160","author":"Ding","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-1014fje","article-title":"Lovastatin inhibits brain endothelial cell Rho-mediated lymphocyte migration and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"17","author":"Greenwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1177","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis repressed by microglial paralysis","volume":"11","author":"Heppner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.5.1208","article-title":"Enhanced expression of Iba1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat brain","volume":"32","author":"Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7466381","article-title":"Rapid correction of hyponatremia causes demyelination: relation to central pontine myelinolysis","volume":"211","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198201000-00007","article-title":"Neuropathologic observations in electrolyte-induced myelinolysis in the rat","volume":"41","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10049-7","article-title":"Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS","volume":"19","author":"Kreutzberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-200306000-00004","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibition: anti-inflammatory effects beyond lipid lowering?","volume":"10","author":"Marz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Risk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10047-3","article-title":"Cytokines in inflammatory brain lesions: helpful and harmful","volume":"19","author":"Merrill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00200.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of damage to myelin and oligodendrocytes and their relevance to disease","volume":"25","author":"Merrill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00207-1","article-title":"The role of macrophage\/microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of three neurologic disorders: HIV-associated dementia, Alzheimer disease, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"202","author":"Minagar","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110204","article-title":"Association between rise in serum sodium and central pontine myelinolysis","volume":"11","author":"Norenberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119812","article-title":"Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages","volume":"100","author":"Pahan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00414-0","article-title":"Amelioration of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by lovastatin","volume":"269","author":"Stanislaus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1207","article-title":"Lovastatin treatment decreases mononuclear cell infiltration into the CNS of Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"66","author":"Stanislaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.10.018","article-title":"Protective effect of dexamethasone on osmotic-induced demyelination in rats","volume":"192","author":"Sugimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2352","article-title":"Microglial activation resulting from CD40-CD40L interaction after beta-amyloid stimulation","volume":"286","author":"Tan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib23","first-page":"373","article-title":"Central pontine myelinolysis. Two cases with associated electrolyte disturbance","volume":"45","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20234","article-title":"Lovastatin modulation of microglial activation via suppression of functional CD40 expression","volume":"78","author":"Townsend","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425585","article-title":"CD40 signaling regulates innate and adaptive activation of microglia in response to amyloid beta-peptide","volume":"35","author":"Townsend","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90806-7","article-title":"Hyponatremia causes large sustained reductions in brain content of multiple organic osmolytes in rats","volume":"567","author":"Verbalis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02077-1","article-title":"Statins as anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"23","author":"Weitz-Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37600-7","article-title":"Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B\/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"269","author":"Xie","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01158","article-title":"The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease","volume":"420","author":"Youssef","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488606005590?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488606005590?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T21:18:37Z","timestamp":1683667117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488606005590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014488606005590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}