{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:52:06Z","timestamp":1789620726350,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]],"date-time":"2008-01-21T12:31:31Z","timestamp":1200918691000},"page":"719-730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Abnormal motor function and dopamine neurotransmission in DYT1 \u0394GAG transgenic mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"DeCuypere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"LeDoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.02.006","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of forelimb motor function after cervical spinal cord injury in rats: relationship to the corticospinal tract","volume":"194","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149764.34953.BF","article-title":"Decreased striatal D2 receptor binding in non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation","volume":"64","author":"Asanuma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.445","article-title":"Dopamine transmission in DYT1 dystonia: a biochemical and autoradiographical study","volume":"59","author":"Augood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03164-0","article-title":"Distribution and ultrastructural localization of torsinA immunoreactivity in the human brain","volume":"986","author":"Augood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04590.x","article-title":"Dopamine release is impaired in a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia","volume":"102","author":"Balcioglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(85)80025-8","article-title":"A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus","volume":"41","author":"Boshart","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00350-6","article-title":"TorsinA: movement at many levels","volume":"31","author":"Breakefield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib8","first-page":"79","article-title":"Clinical-genetic spectrum of primary dystonia","volume":"78","author":"Bressman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.9.1746","article-title":"The DYT1 phenotype and guidelines for diagnostic testing","volume":"54","author":"Bressman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.07.005","article-title":"Motor response to amphetamine treatment, task-specific training, and limited motor experience in a postacute animal stroke model","volume":"190","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5157-04.2005","article-title":"Torsin-mediated protection from cellular stress in the dopaminergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"25","author":"Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000120541.97467.FE","article-title":"Regional metabolism in primary torsion dystonia: effects of penetrance and genotype","volume":"62","author":"Carbon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-08-03248.1999","article-title":"Characterization of progressive motor deficits in mice transgenic for the human Huntington's disease mutation","volume":"19","author":"Carter","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R53","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-9-r53","article-title":"CpG content affects gene silencing in mice: evidence from novel transgenes","volume":"4","author":"Chevalier-Mariette","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.08.025","article-title":"Generation and characterization of Dyt1 DeltaGAG knock-in mouse as a model for early-onset dystonia","volume":"196","author":"Dang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2006.09.005","article-title":"Motor deficits and hyperactivity in Dyt1 knockdown mice","volume":"56","author":"Dang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7698","article-title":"Evaluation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in adult +\/+ and +\/\u2212 BDNF mutant mice","volume":"1","author":"Dluzen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5_Suppl_5.S1","article-title":"Concept and classification of dystonia","volume":"50","author":"Fahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5_Suppl_5.S1","article-title":"Classification of dystonia","volume":"78","author":"Fahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00205-1","article-title":"Subacute systemic 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication induces a distinct motor disorder in adult C57Bl\/6 mice: behavorial and histopathological characterization","volume":"114","author":"Fernagut","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00778-9","article-title":"Motor behavior deficits and their histopathological and functional correlates in the nigrostriatal system of dopamine transporter knockout mice","volume":"116","author":"Fernagut","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90413-6","article-title":"Clonidine impairs recovery of beam-walking after a sensorimotor cortex lesion in the rat","volume":"508","author":"Goldstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.11.010","article-title":"Loss of the dystonia-associated protein torsinA selectively disrupts the neuronal nuclear envelope","volume":"48","author":"Goodchild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.04.015","article-title":"Overexpression of human wildtype torsinA and human DeltaGAG torsinA in a transgenic mouse model causes phenotypic abnormalities","volume":"27","author":"Grundmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.3.391","article-title":"Tetrabenazine therapy of dystonia, chorea, tics, and other dyskinesias","volume":"38","author":"Jankovic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.044487","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII deficiency is associated with a distinctive lifelong gait disorder in waddles mice","volume":"171","author":"Jiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00029153","article-title":"Promoter methylation and progressive transgene inactivation in Arabidopsis","volume":"20","author":"Kilby","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh208","article-title":"A Drosophila model of early onset torsion dystonia suggests impairment in TGF-beta signaling","volume":"13","author":"Koh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03014-1","article-title":"Immunocytochemical characterization of torsin proteins in mouse brain","volume":"922","author":"Konakova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.6.921","article-title":"Cellular distribution of torsin A and torsin B in normal human brain","volume":"58","author":"Konakova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.10.069","article-title":"TorsinA, the gene linked to early-onset dystonia, is upregulated by the dopaminergic toxin MPTP in mice","volume":"355","author":"Kuner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7082","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of neurologic deficits in a chronic progressive murine model of CNS demyelination","volume":"158","author":"McGavern","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20225","article-title":"Brainstem pathology in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia","volume":"56","author":"McNaught","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20351","article-title":"Mutant torsinA, which causes early-onset primary torsion dystonia, is redistributed to membranous structures enriched in vesicular monoamine transporter in cultured human SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"20","author":"Misbahuddin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib35","first-page":"61","article-title":"Development and anatomic localization of torsinA","volume":"94","author":"Oberlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.07.006","article-title":"Altered responses to dopaminergic D2 receptor activation and N-type calcium currents in striatal cholinergic interneurons in a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia","volume":"24","author":"Pisani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-9961(02)00010-4","article-title":"TorsinA protein and neuropathology in early onset generalized dystonia with GAG deletion","volume":"12","author":"Rostasy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5351","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0855-05.2005","article-title":"Impaired motor learning in mice expressing torsinA with the DYT1 dystonia mutation","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi012","article-title":"Transgenic mouse model of early-onset DYT1 dystonia","volume":"14","author":"Shashidharan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-006-0051-6","article-title":"Evaluation of the integrity of the dopamine system in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease: small animal positron emission tomography compared to behavioral assessment and autoradiography","volume":"8","author":"Strome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00164-6","article-title":"Behavioural correlates of striatal glial fibrillary acidic protein in the 3-nitropropionic acid rat model: disturbed walking pattern and spatial orientation","volume":"105","author":"Teunissen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-005-4349-y","article-title":"Transgene transmission to progeny by oMt1a-oGH transgenic mice","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15650","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308088101","article-title":"Effect of torsinA on membrane proteins reveals a loss of function and a dominant-negative phenotype of the dystonia-associated DeltaE-torsinA mutant","volume":"101","author":"Torres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.087","article-title":"Developmental patterns of torsinA and torsinB expression","volume":"1073\u20131074","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02302-2","article-title":"Distribution and immunohistochemical characterization of torsinA immunoreactivity in rat brain","volume":"900","author":"Walker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(90)90141-2","article-title":"Measurement of atactic and paretic gait in neuropathies of rats based on analysis of walking tracks","volume":"32","author":"Wietholter","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2004.05.012","article-title":"Developmental expression of rat torsinA transcript and protein","volume":"152","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488608000083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488608000083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T03:26:36Z","timestamp":1557199596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488608000083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014488608000083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}