{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:01:09Z","timestamp":1791266469158,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES010804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES010804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-04-1-0881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-04-1-0881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T05:46:18Z","timestamp":1267076778000},"page":"657-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Caffeine protects against combined paraquat and maneb-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Anil","family":"Kachroo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Irizarry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Schwarzschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.05.027","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of caffeine in the model of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in rats","volume":"84","author":"Aguiar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05192.x","article-title":"Neuroprotection in Parkinson models varies with toxin administration protocol","volume":"24","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. NeuroSci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1052","article-title":"Prospective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women","volume":"50","author":"Ascherio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20904","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease","volume":"60","author":"Ascherio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.07.005","article-title":"SK channel function regulates the dopamine phenotype of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta","volume":"213","author":"Aumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf216","article-title":"Neurodegenerative diseases and exposure to pesticides in the elderly","volume":"157","author":"Baldi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2302-1","article-title":"Neuroprotection induced by the adenosine A2A antagonist CSC in the 6-OHDA rat model of parkinsonism: effect on the activity of striatal output pathways","volume":"165","author":"Bove","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01192-5","article-title":"Paraquat elicited neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dopaminergic neuron loss","volume":"823","author":"Brooks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06425.x","article-title":"Inactivation of neuronal forebrain A2A receptors protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"111","author":"Carta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib10","series-title":"Geometria degli indivisibili","author":"Cavalieri","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib11","first-page":"147","article-title":"Non genetic causes of Parkinson's disease","volume":"70","author":"Chade","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36409-2","article-title":"(+) MK-801 does not prevent MPTP-induced loss of nigral neurons in mice","volume":"280","author":"Chan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"RC143","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuroprotection by caffeine and A(2A) adenosine receptor inactivation in a model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp006","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and residential exposure to maneb and paraquat from agricultural applications in the central valley of California","volume":"169","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13213-4","article-title":"Accumulation of tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA molecules in the rat mesencephalon by chronic caffeine treatment","volume":"230","author":"Datta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.4.550","article-title":"Chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb may produce symptoms and signs of CNS manganese intoxication","volume":"38","author":"Ferraz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409713102","article-title":"Parkinson-like syndrome induced by continuous MPTP infusion: convergent roles of the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system and alpha-synuclein","volume":"102","author":"Fornai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24767-X","article-title":"Correlation between the neostriatal content of the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species and dopaminergic neurotoxicity following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine administration to several strains of mice","volume":"257","author":"Giovanni","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90482-0","article-title":"Differential neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in Swiss\u2013Webster mice from different sources","volume":"117","author":"Heikkila","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170307","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: a case\u2013control study of occupational and environmental risk factors","volume":"17","author":"Hertzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32826388d6","article-title":"Clinical trials for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: overcoming angst and futility?","volume":"20","author":"Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-3042.2001.00694.x","article-title":"Neuroprotection by adenosine A2A receptor blockade in experimental models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"80","author":"Ikeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.06.004","article-title":"Protective effect of caffeine against neurodegeneration in a model of Parkinson's disease in rat: behavioral and histochemical evidence","volume":"10","author":"Joghataie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6.1583","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: a case control study in Taiwan","volume":"48","author":"Liou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.04.019","article-title":"Paraquat induces oxidative stress and neuronal cell death: neuroprotection by water-soluble coenzyme Q10","volume":"201","author":"McCarthy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2002.0507","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons caused by the herbicide paraquat","volume":"10","author":"McCormack","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1394","article-title":"Parkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate","volume":"20","author":"Meco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantitative caveats of standard immunohistochemical procedures: implications for optical disector-based designs","volume":"10","author":"Melvin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib29","first-page":"171","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"80","author":"Mizuno","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib30","article-title":"Caffeine attenuates MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in mice","author":"Oztas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.11.1787","article-title":"Plantation work and risk of Parkinson disease in a population-based longitudinal study","volume":"59","author":"Petrovitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.11.009","article-title":"KW-6002 protects from MPTP induced dopaminergic toxicity in the mouse","volume":"48","author":"Pierri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00679-6","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation enhances striatal extracellular glutamate levels in the rat striatum","volume":"287","author":"Popoli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9932","article-title":"Prolonged toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of paraquat in mouse brain","volume":"115","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000058760.13152.1A","article-title":"Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in Parkinson's disease: a systematic assessment","volume":"60","author":"Ravina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03923.x","article-title":"Temporal effects of paraquat\/maneb on microglial activation and dopamine neuronal loss in older rats","volume":"98","author":"Saint-Pierre","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.29.91","article-title":"Gene expression of the lung following paraquat administration in rats using DNA microarray","volume":"29","author":"Satomi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000206363.57955.1b","article-title":"Practice Parameter: neuroprotective strategies and alternative therapies for Parkinson disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"66","author":"Suchowersky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.195","article-title":"Occupation and risk of parkinsonism: a multicenter case control study","volume":"66","author":"Tanner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100037835","article-title":"Environmental factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease","volume":"14","author":"Tanner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02496-3","article-title":"Potentiated and preferential effects of combined paraquat and maneb on nigrostriatal dopamine systems: environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease?","volume":"873","author":"Thiruchelvam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9207","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09207.2000","article-title":"The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system as a preferential target of repeated exposures to combined paraquat and maneb: implications for Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Thiruchelvam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib45","series-title":"Pesticide National Synthesis Project","author":"United States Geographic Service","year":"1998"},{"issue":"Suppl 3S","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10487","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in the cause of Parkinson's disease","volume":"53","author":"Warner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092310411","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivision of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionators","volume":"231","author":"West","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anat. Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129841.30587.9D","article-title":"No evidence for heritability of Parkinson's disease in Swedish twins","volume":"63","author":"Wirdefeldt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.10.007","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in Parkinson's disease","volume":"105","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib50","article-title":"Neuroprotection by caffeine in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease: the role of adenosine A2A receptor","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21313","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists exert motor and neuroprotective effects by distinct cellular mechanisms","volume":"63","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488610000622?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488610000622?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T05:44:57Z","timestamp":1762148697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488610000622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014488610000622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Caffeine protects against combined paraquat and maneb-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}