{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:13:50Z","timestamp":1793402030461,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"FONDECYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1150194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1150194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T06:01:31Z","timestamp":1497592891000},"page":"211-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Intranasal cotinine improves memory, and reduces depressive-like behavior, and GFAP + cells loss induced by restraint stress in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"295","author":[{"given":"Nelson","family":"Perez-Urrutia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristhian","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Alvarez-Ricartes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Oliveros-Matus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Alex","family":"Grizzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Iarkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.03.032","article-title":"Neuroactive effects of cotinine on the hippocampus: behavioral and biochemical parameters","volume":"71","author":"de Aguiar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","article-title":"The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications","volume":"13","author":"Antunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0015","first-page":"343","article-title":"Astrocytes may contribute to the latent period in progressive neuron loss, axon sprouting, and chronic seizures in rat kainate hippocampal epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"Babb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.09.039","article-title":"Chalcones as positive allosteric modulators of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a new target for a privileged structure","volume":"86","author":"Balsera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150710145250","article-title":"Nicotine-derived compounds as therapeutic tools against post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"21","author":"Barreto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666161101140908","article-title":"Advances in medicinal plants with effects on anxiety behavior associated to mental and Health conditions","volume":"24","author":"Barreto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.4065\/80.10.1326","article-title":"Neuron-astrocyte interactions: partnership for normal function and disease in the central nervous system","volume":"80","author":"Benarroch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666140711094525","article-title":"Alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor: a pluripotent target for diseases of the central nervous system","volume":"13","author":"Bencherif","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02741361","article-title":"The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in neuronal plasticity","volume":"20","author":"Broide","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.12.044","article-title":"Density of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes is decreased in left hippocampi in major depressive disorder","volume":"316","author":"Cobb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60072-1","article-title":"Pharmacology of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes","volume":"39","author":"Colquhoun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.027","article-title":"Pretreatment biomarkers predicting PTSD psychotherapy outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Colvonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.04.007","article-title":"The choreography of neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease","volume":"36","author":"Crotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300982","article-title":"Astroglial plasticity in the hippocampus is affected by chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant fluoxetine treatment","volume":"31","author":"Czeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301275","article-title":"Chronic social stress inhibits cell proliferation in the adult medial prefrontal cortex: hemispheric asymmetry and reversal by fluoxetine treatment","volume":"32","author":"Czeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.2.716","article-title":"Effects of microgravity and bone morphogenetic protein II on GFAP in rat brain","volume":"85","author":"Day","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.02.052","article-title":"The metabolic trinity, glucose-glycogen-lactate, links astrocytes and neurons in brain energetics, signaling, memory, and gene expression","volume":"637","author":"Dienel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-016-0111-2","article-title":"Age, environment, object recognition and morphological diversity of GFAP-immunolabeled astrocytes","volume":"12","author":"Diniz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.2174\/138161282210160304112511","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: a therapeutic target of cotinine for the treatment of psychiatric disorders?","volume":"22","author":"Echeverria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.01.002","article-title":"Positive modulators of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"144","author":"Echeverria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S283","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707510","article-title":"Presynaptic nicotinic receptors: a dynamic and diverse cholinergic filter of striatal dopamine neurotransmission","volume":"153","author":"Exley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.020","article-title":"FGF2 alleviates PTSD symptoms in rats by restoring GLAST function in astrocytes via the JAK\/STAT pathway","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.12.028","article-title":"Chronic omega-3 fatty acids supplementation promotes beneficial effects on anxiety, cognitive and depressive-like behaviors in rats subjected to a restraint stress protocol","volume":"219","author":"Ferraz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.02.006","article-title":"Nucleotides protect rat brain astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide toxicity and induce antioxidant defense via P2Y receptors","volume":"94","author":"Forster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0125","series-title":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Franklin","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.2741\/2004","article-title":"Remodeling of neuronal networks by stress","volume":"11","author":"Fuchs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.08.016","article-title":"Activated astroglia during chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease \u2013 do they neglect their neurosupportive roles?","volume":"690","author":"Fuller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2014.02.008","article-title":"Evaluation of nicotine and cotinine analogs as potential neuroprotective agents for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20377","article-title":"Inhibition of glycogenolysis in astrocytes interrupts memory consolidation in young chickens","volume":"54","author":"Gibbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.10.025","article-title":"Assessment of disease-related cognitive impairments using the novel object recognition (NOR) task in rodents","volume":"285","author":"Grayson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0155","article-title":"New insights into the mechanisms of action of cotinine and its distinctive effects from nicotine","author":"Grizzell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1359-2","article-title":"New Insights into the mechanisms of action of cotinine and its distinctive effects from nicotine","volume":"40","author":"Grizzell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.03.047","article-title":"Cotinine reduces depressive-like behavior, working memory deficits, and synaptic loss associated with chronic stress in mice","volume":"268","author":"Grizzell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000021","article-title":"Cotinine reduces depressive-like behavior and hippocampal vascular endothelial growth factor downregulation after forced swim stress in mice","volume":"128","author":"Grizzell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.05.010","article-title":"Cotinine improves visual recognition memory and decreases cortical Tau phosphorylation in the Tg6799 mice","volume":"78","author":"Grizzell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0731609.x","article-title":"Decrease of glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat frontal cortex following aluminum treatment","volume":"73","author":"Guo-Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9039-x","article-title":"Strategies for intranasal delivery of therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of neuroAIDS","volume":"2","author":"Hanson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-S3-S5","article-title":"Intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier to target therapeutic agents to the central nervous system and treat neurodegenerative disease","volume":"9","author":"Hanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.07.035","article-title":"Repeated valproate treatment facilitates fear extinction under specific stimulus conditions","volume":"552","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8411","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2745-14.2015","article-title":"Astrocytes are primed by chronic neurodegeneration to produce exaggerated chemokine and cell infiltration responses to acute stimulation with the cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha","volume":"35","author":"Hennessy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-016-3161-0","article-title":"Post-treatment with cotinine improved memory and decreased depressive-like behavior after chemotherapy in rats","volume":"78","author":"Iarkov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.08.007","article-title":"Chronic restraint stress decreases glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamate transporter in the periaqueductal gray matter","volume":"223","author":"Imbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.273128","article-title":"High affinity and low affinity heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at central synapses","volume":"592","author":"d'Incamps","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_62","article-title":"Neurocognition in PTSD: treatment insights and implications","author":"Jak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0230","first-page":"2","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"3","author":"Javidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.228","article-title":"CR8, a novel inhibitor of CDK, limits microglial activation, astrocytosis, neuronal loss, and neurologic dysfunction after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Kabadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1078\/0940-2993-00301","article-title":"Behavioral phenotyping of mice in pharmacological and toxicological research","volume":"55","author":"Karl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2015.00051","article-title":"Fractal, multifractal, and lacunarity analysis of microglia in tissue engineering","volume":"3","author":"Karperien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00003","article-title":"Quantitating the subtleties of microglial morphology with fractal analysis","volume":"7","author":"Karperien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13178","article-title":"The RAGE receptor and its ligands are highly expressed in astrocytes in a grade-dependant manner in the striatum and subependymal layer in Huntington's disease","volume":"134","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198509000-00002","article-title":"Measurement of GFAP in hepatic encephalopathy by ELISA and transblots","volume":"44","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16010006","article-title":"Amygdala volumetric change following psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Laugharne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3343","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410893111","article-title":"Astrocytes contribute to gamma oscillations and recognition memory","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13724","article-title":"Cannabidiol regulation of emotion and emotional memory processing: relevance for treating anxiety-related and substance abuse disorders","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511794604543","article-title":"Astrocytes: implications for neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.11.028","article-title":"Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors protects astrocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis: implications for Parkinson's disease","volume":"91","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2174\/187152706778559273","article-title":"Stress, depression and hippocampal apoptosis","volume":"5","author":"Lucassen","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.07.013","article-title":"Anger in PTSD: is there a need for a concept of PTSD-related posttraumatic anger?","volume":"32","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33748","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33748","article-title":"Trauma-specific grey matter alterations in PTSD","volume":"6","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.989261","article-title":"Two phase III randomised double-blind studies of fixed-dose TC-5214 (dexmecamylamine) adjunct to ongoing antidepressant therapy in patients with major depressive disorder and an inadequate response to prior antidepressant therapy","volume":"16","author":"Moller","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1876","article-title":"Astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutated SOD1 release factors selectively toxic to motor neurons","volume":"10","author":"Nagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0310","first-page":"105","article-title":"Behavioral assessment of antidepressants (1) \u2013 the forced swimming test: a review of its theory and practical application","volume":"12","author":"Naitoh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Yakubutsu Seishin Kodo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00653-0","article-title":"Neurobiology of depression","volume":"34","author":"Nestler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8483-x","article-title":"The role of inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: focus on astrocytes","volume":"49","author":"Niranjan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0325","first-page":"197","article-title":"The evolution of PTSD criteria across editions of DSM","volume":"28","author":"North","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.09.059","article-title":"Hippocampus remodeling by chronic stress accompanied by GR, proteasome and caspase-3 overexpression","volume":"1593","author":"Orlovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.10.018","article-title":"Enhanced hippocampal neurodegeneration after traumatic or kainate excitotoxicity in GFAP-null mice","volume":"13","author":"Otani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00162","article-title":"Cotinine halts the advance of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and associated depressive-like behavior in Tg6799 mice","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.01.056","article-title":"Severe, multimodal stress exposure induces PTSD-like characteristics in a mouse model of single prolonged stress","volume":"303","author":"Perrine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-003-0373-0","article-title":"Some aspects of the physiological role of ion channels in the nervous system","volume":"33","author":"Pichon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00414","article-title":"The established and emerging roles of astrocytes and microglia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"9","author":"Radford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2007.12.003","article-title":"Cotinine-induced convergence of the cholinergic and PI3 kinase-dependent anti-inflammatory pathways in innate immune cells","volume":"1783","author":"Rehani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/00207144.2015.1099406","article-title":"A meta-analysis for the efficacy of hypnotherapy in alleviating PTSD symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Rotaru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.032","article-title":"From pathophysiology to novel antidepressant drugs: glial contributions to the pathology and treatment of mood disorders","volume":"73","author":"Sanacora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0370","first-page":"88","article-title":"Restraint stress-induced morphological changes at the blood-brain barrier in adult rats","volume":"8","author":"Santha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1770-3","article-title":"Experimental post-traumatic stress disorder decreases astrocyte density and changes astrocytic polarity in the CA1 hippocampus of male rats","volume":"41","author":"Saur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1202","article-title":"The effect of type 1 astrocytes on neuronal complexity: a fractal analysis","volume":"24","author":"Schaffner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0385","article-title":"Circuit dysregulation and circuit-based treatments in posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Sheynin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8867","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103833108","article-title":"Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor-alpha in astrocytes","volume":"108","author":"Spence","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.12.002","article-title":"Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: a review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Stander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00038","article-title":"Multifunctional role of astrocytes as gatekeepers of neuronal energy supply","volume":"7","author":"Stobart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.06.005","article-title":"Amygdala response to explicit sad face stimuli at baseline predicts antidepressant treatment response to scopolamine in major depressive disorder","volume":"254","author":"Szczepanik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.219881","article-title":"R-(+) and s-(\u2212) isomers of cotinine augment cholinergic responses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"352","author":"Terry","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2015-0072","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Trevizol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatr. Psychother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160505","article-title":"Astrocytic transporters in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"474","author":"Ugbode","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.12.90","article-title":"Astroglia in neurological diseases","volume":"8","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00082","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of cerebral blood flow, cortical damage, apoptosis, astrocyte-vasculature interaction and astrogliosis in the pericontusional region after traumatic brain injury","volume":"5","author":"Villapol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4058-z","article-title":"Modulation of social deficits and repetitive behaviors in a mouse model of autism: the role of the nicotinic cholinergic system","volume":"232","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91597-8","article-title":"Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons","volume":"588","author":"Watanabe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.02.037","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA levels in the cingulate cortex of individuals with depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"133","author":"Webster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0786-1","article-title":"Inflammation in epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Webster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.112.6.1205","article-title":"Suppression by antisense mRNA demonstrates a requirement for the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the formation of stable astrocytic processes in response to neurons","volume":"112","author":"Weinstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.12.005","article-title":"Cotinine impacts sensory processing in DBA\/2 mice through changes in the conditioning amplitude","volume":"117","author":"Wildeboer-Andrud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.11.021","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and PTSD following cardiac arrest: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"84","author":"Wilder Schaaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-0984-y","article-title":"Sleep disorders in combat-related PTSD","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3966","article-title":"GLUT1 reductions exacerbate Alzheimer's disease vasculo-neuronal dysfunction and degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Winkler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.08.048","article-title":"FGF2 blocks PTSD symptoms via an astrocyte-based mechanism","volume":"256","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2047","article-title":"Astrocytes as determinants of disease progression in inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.03.007","article-title":"Effects of SPAK knockout on sensorimotor gating, novelty exploration, and brain area-dependent expressions of NKCC1 and KCC2 in a mouse model of schizophrenia","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.136","article-title":"Recovery from posttraumatic stress requires dynamic and sequential shifts in amygdalar connectivities","volume":"42","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.11.023","article-title":"Cotinine enhances the extinction of contextual fear memory and reduces anxiety after fear conditioning","volume":"228","author":"Zeitlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016_bb0505","article-title":"Altered resting state functional connectivity of fear and reward circuitry in comorbid PTSD and major depression","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety."}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488617301553?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488617301553?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T04:32:36Z","timestamp":1602304356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488617301553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0014488617301553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intranasal cotinine improves memory, and reduces depressive-like behavior, and GFAP+ cells loss induced by restraint stress in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}