{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:10:32Z","timestamp":1791483032815,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gordon Mansfield Collaborative Consortium","award":["1I50RX001706-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I50RX001706-01"]}]},{"name":"Merit Review Grants","award":["1 I01 BX001252-01A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 I01 BX001252-01A2"]}]},{"name":"Merit Review Grants","award":["1 I21 RX00084-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 I21 RX00084-01A1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS09881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS09881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EB014986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB014986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005191","name":"Craig H. Neilsen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000900","name":"California Institute for Regenerative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005984","name":"Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005984","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012124","name":"Bernard and Anne Spitzer Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:45:06Z","timestamp":1547513106000},"page":"46-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Astrocytes migrate from human neural stem cell grafts and functionally integrate into the injured rat spinal cord"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"314","author":[{"given":"Brian V.","family":"Lien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Tuszynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","article-title":"Astrocyte\u2013endothelial interactions at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17623","article-title":"Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration","volume":"532","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09522","article-title":"Pericytes regulate the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"468","author":"Armulik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.013","article-title":"The mystery and magic of glia: a perspective on their roles in health and disease","volume":"60","author":"Barres","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22421","article-title":"The blood\u2013spinal cord barrier: morphology and clinical implications","volume":"70","author":"Bartanusz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/3481","article-title":"Chimeric brains generated by intraventricular transplantation of fetal human brain cells into embryonic rats","volume":"16","author":"Brustle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0432-9","article-title":"The interface between glial progenitors and gliomas","volume":"116","author":"Canoll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69097","article-title":"Human-derived neural progenitors functionally replace astrocytes in adult mice","volume":"125","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.45","article-title":"Deletion of astroglial connexins weakens the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"32","author":"Ezan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp121","article-title":"Recovery from spinal cord injury: regeneration, plasticity and rehabilitation","volume":"132","author":"Fawcett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.06.010","article-title":"Glial development: the crossroads of regeneration and repair in the CNS","volume":"83","author":"Gallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2915","article-title":"Human astrocytes derived from glial restricted progenitors support regeneration of the injured spinal cord","volume":"30","author":"Haas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.12.015","article-title":"Forebrain eengraftment by human glial progenitor cells enhances synaptic plasticity and learning in adult mice","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10282","article-title":"Transplantation of glial-restricted precursor cells into the adult spinal cord: survival, glial-specific differentiation, and preferential migration in white matter","volume":"45","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X662408","article-title":"An examination of the mechanisms by which neural precursors augment recovery following spinal cord injury: a key role for remyelination","volume":"23","author":"Hawryluk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1626","article-title":"Transplantation of human glial restricted progenitors and derived astrocytes into a contusion model of spinal cord injury","volume":"28","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4611","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-11-04611.2002","article-title":"Spinal cord injury elicits expression of keratan sulfate proteoglycans by macrophages, reactive microglia, and oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4066","article-title":"Spinal cord reconstitution with homologous neural grafts enables robust corticospinal regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Kadoya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4184-05.2006","article-title":"Delayed transplantation of adult neural precursor cells promotes remyelination and functional neurological recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Karimi-Abdolrezaee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4694","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005","article-title":"Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Keirstead","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2720","article-title":"Modes and regulation of glial migration in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"10","author":"Klambt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X04000213","article-title":"Differential fate of multipotent and lineage-restricted neural precursors following transplantation into the adult CNS","volume":"1","author":"Lepore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92955","article-title":"Prolonged human neural stem cell maturation supports recovery in injured rodent CNS","volume":"127","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.08.020","article-title":"Long-distance growth and connectivity of neural stem cells after severe spinal cord injury","volume":"150","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.014","article-title":"Long-distance axonal growth from human induced pluripotent stem cells after spinal cord injury","volume":"83","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0751076.x","article-title":"The GLT-1 and GLAST glutamate transporters are expressed on morphologically distinct astrocytes and regulated by neuronal activity in primary hippocampal cocultures","volume":"75","author":"Perego","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4502","article-title":"Restorative effects of human neural stem cell grafts on the primate spinal cord","volume":"24","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164022","article-title":"Astroglial Metabolic Networks Sustain Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission","volume":"322","author":"Rouach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2014-0236","article-title":"Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells mediate functional recovery following thoracic spinal cord injury through remyelination of axons","volume":"4","author":"Salewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00076","article-title":"Astrocyte heterogeneity in the brain: from development to disease","volume":"9","author":"Schitine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"107","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.04.001","article-title":"Brain development in rodents and humans: Identifying benchmarks of maturation and vulnerability to injury across species","volume":"106","author":"Semple","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1326","article-title":"Regeneration beyond the glial scar","volume":"5","author":"Silver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902510103","article-title":"Changing role of forebrain astrocytes during development, regenerative failure, and induced regeneration upon transplantation","volume":"251","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0619-8","article-title":"Astrocytes: biology and pathology","volume":"119","author":"Sofroniew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1145","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts","volume":"282","author":"Thomson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.077214","article-title":"Regulated temporal-spatial astrocyte precursor cell proliferation involves BRAF signalling in mammalian spinal cord","volume":"139","author":"Tien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16153","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1510-14.2014","article-title":"A competitive advantage by neonatally engrafted human glial progenitors yields mice whose brains are chimeric for human glia","volume":"34","author":"Windrem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2089-4","article-title":"Astrocytes in migration","volume":"42","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1201-1129","article-title":"In vitro differentiation of transplantable neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488618305831?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488618305831?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T21:45:23Z","timestamp":1565214323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488618305831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0014488618305831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Astrocytes migrate from human neural stem cell grafts and functionally integrate into the injured rat spinal cord","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}