{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:32:47Z","timestamp":1792783967102,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015210","name":"UCLA Brain Injury Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NS104311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS104311"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NS110757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS110757"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T02:28:31Z","timestamp":1552012111000},"page":"206-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanisms underlying vulnerabilities after repeat mild traumatic brain injuries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Giza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.9.912","article-title":"The incidence, causes, and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935\u2013-1974","volume":"30","author":"Annegers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160294","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0294","article-title":"Point of health care entry for youth with concussion within a large pediatric care network","volume":"170","author":"Arbogast","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0015","article-title":"Chronic hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury: risk assessment and relationship to outcome","volume":"62","author":"Bavisetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1068","article-title":"Sex differences in outcome after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"27","author":"Bazarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770808017X","article-title":"Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Bigler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.5.0856","article-title":"Sex differences in outcome following sports-related concussion","volume":"102","author":"Broshek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0335-6","article-title":"Differences in symptom reporting between males and females at baseline and after a sports-related concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4635","article-title":"Seattle sports concussion research collaborative. Sports- and recreation-related concussions in US youth","volume":"138","author":"Bryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000092","article-title":"Concussed athletes are more prone to injury both before and after their index concussion: a data base analysis of 699 concussed contact sports athletes","volume":"2","author":"Burman","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738110391413","article-title":"Repeat concussions in the national football league","volume":"3","author":"Casson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090115","article-title":"The epidemiology of new versus recurrent sports concussions among high school athletes, 2005-2010","volume":"46","author":"Castile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516677793","article-title":"Descriptive characteristics of concussions in National Football League Games, 2010-2011 to 2013-2014","volume":"45","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.10.964","article-title":"Relationship between concussion and neuropsychological performance in college football players","volume":"282","author":"Collins","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200211000-00011","article-title":"Cumulative effects of concussion in high school athletes","volume":"51","author":"Collins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332497","article-title":"The role of concussion history and gender in recovery from soccer-related concussion","volume":"37","author":"Colvin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.029496","article-title":"Sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms of collegiate athletes","volume":"40","author":"Covassin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.193797","article-title":"Investigating baseline neurocognitive performance between male and female athletes with a history of multiple concussion","volume":"81","author":"Covassin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20542","article-title":"Ontogeny of sex differences in response to novel objects from adolescence to adulthood in lister-hooded rats","volume":"53","author":"Cyrenne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i46","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058172","article-title":"Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes?","volume":"43 Suppl 1","author":"Dick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000108885.37811.CA","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury: incidence, pathophysiology, and relationship to vasopressor dependence and peripheral interleukin-6 levels","volume":"32","author":"Dimopoulou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0432","article-title":"Time interval between concussions and symptom duration","volume":"132","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2010.523041","article-title":"Fatigue after traumatic brain injury: association with neuroendocrine, sleep, depression and other factors","volume":"24","author":"Englander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.190","article-title":"Does age play a role in recovery from sports-related concussion? A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes","volume":"142","author":"Field","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"10 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0120","first-page":"S452","article-title":"Biomarkers, genetics, and risk factors for concussion","volume":"3","author":"Finnoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM R."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.03.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"66","author":"Gardner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2668","article-title":"Dementia risk after traumatic brain injury vs nonbrain trauma: the role of age and severity","volume":"71","author":"Gardner","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214000842","article-title":"The association of traumatic brain injury with rate of progression of cognitive and functional impairment in a population-based cohort of Alzheimer's disease: the Cache County Dementia Progression Study","volume":"26","author":"Gilbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21940","article-title":"Database of queryable gene expression patterns for Xenopus","volume":"238","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505","article-title":"The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion","volume":"75","author":"Giza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00970.2014","article-title":"Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury induces ventriculomegaly and cortical thinning in juvenile rats","volume":"113","author":"Goddeyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0155","first-page":"5042","article-title":"Repeat mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats increases subsequent \u03b2-amyloid pathogenesis","author":"Grant","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115523","article-title":"The association between head trauma and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"131","author":"Graves","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2990","article-title":"The effects of repeat traumatic brain injury on the pituitary in adolescent rats","volume":"30","author":"Greco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22218","article-title":"Adolescent TBI-induced hypopituitarism causes sexual dysfunction in adult male rats","volume":"75","author":"Greco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol."},{"issue":"7943","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90288-3","article-title":"Cumulative effect of concussion","volume":"2","author":"Gronwall","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2549","article-title":"Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA concussion study","volume":"290","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.669","article-title":"Lack of a gender difference in post-traumatic neurodegeneration in the mouse controlled cortical impact injury model","volume":"22","author":"Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0190","article-title":"Hypopituitarism after multiple concussions: a retrospective case study in an adolescent male","volume":"42","author":"Ives","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.11.006","article-title":"Neuroprotection by gonadal steroid hormones in acute brain damage requires cooperation with astroglia and microglia","volume":"137","author":"Johann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0751","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury causes long-term reduction in serum growth hormone and persistent astrocytosis in the cortico-hypothalamo-pituitary axis of adult male rats","volume":"26","author":"Kasturi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.6.0889","article-title":"Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury","volume":"73","author":"Katayama","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345299","article-title":"Boxing as a sport activity associated with isolated GH deficiency","volume":"27","author":"Kelestimur","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3212","article-title":"Prevalence of pituitary hormone dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and impaired quality of life in retired professional football players: a prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"8(1)","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0220","first-page":"e5","article-title":"The independent effect of gender on outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a preliminary investigation","volume":"15","author":"Kraus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(02)00048-1","article-title":"Cytoskeletal protein degradation and neurodegeneration evolves differently in males and females following experimental head injury","volume":"180","author":"Kupina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3968","article-title":"Suppression of serum prolactin levels after sports concussion with prompt resolution upon independent clinical assessment to permit return-to-play","volume":"33","author":"La Fountaine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600203","article-title":"Incidence of concussion in high school football players of Ohio and Pennsylvania","volume":"16","author":"Langburt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826daf50","article-title":"Neurodegenerative causes of death among retired National Football League players","volume":"79","author":"Lehman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1002","article-title":"Temporal and regional changes in IGF-1\/IGF-1R signaling in the mouse brain after traumatic brain injury","volume":"27","author":"Madathil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.12.014","article-title":"Differences in brain edema and intracranial pressure following traumatic brain injury across the estrous cycle: involvement of female sex steroid hormones","volume":"1497","author":"Maghool","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4457","article-title":"Adolescent mice demonstrate a distinct pattern of injury after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Mannix","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0260","first-page":"310","article-title":"Resistance training and head-neck segment dynamic stabilization in male and female collegiate soccer players","volume":"40","author":"Mansell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511435626","article-title":"Epidemiology of concussions among United States high school athletes in 20 sports","volume":"40","author":"Marar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-015-0045-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports-related concussion in seven US high school and collegiate sports","volume":"2","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inj. Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000350155.89800.00","article-title":"Effects of a symptom-free waiting period on clinical outcome and risk of reinjury after sport-related concussion","volume":"65","author":"McCrea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.08.009","article-title":"Biomechanics of concussion","volume":"30","author":"Meaney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000166663.98616.E4","article-title":"Prolonged effects of concussion in high school athletes","volume":"57","author":"Moser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.10.048","article-title":"Mean girls: sex differences in the effects of mild traumatic brain injury on the social dynamics of juvenile rat play behaviour","volume":"259","author":"Mychasiuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.010","article-title":"A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) induces secondary attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-like symptomology in young rats","volume":"286","author":"Mychasiuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.10.002","article-title":"The direction of the acceleration and rotational forces associated with mild traumatic brain injury in rodents effect behavioural and molecular outcomes","volume":"257","author":"Mychasiuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093406","article-title":"Sports-related concussion increases the risk of subsequent injury by about 50% in elite male football players","volume":"48","author":"Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503767168465","article-title":"Interaction between anesthesia, gender and functional outcome task following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"20","author":"O'Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3255","article-title":"The spectrum of neurobehavioral sequelae after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Petraglia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1159\/000316800","article-title":"Repeat traumatic brain injury in the juvenile rat is associated with increased axonal injury and cognitive impairments","volume":"32","author":"Prins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2399","article-title":"Repeated mild traumatic brain injury: mechanisms of cerebral vulnerability","volume":"30","author":"Prins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.12.016","article-title":"High school football and risk of neurodegeneration: a community-based study","volume":"87","author":"Savica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01573","article-title":"Sport and sex-specific reporting trends in the epidemiology of concussions sustained by high school athletes","volume":"99","author":"Schallmo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.12.017","article-title":"Age at first concussion influences the number of subsequent concussions","volume":"81","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1887","article-title":"Structured assessment of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1242 patients: the German interdisciplinary database","volume":"28","author":"Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4129","article-title":"Outcome after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury is temporally related to glucose uptake profile at time of second injury","volume":"33","author":"Selwyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0355","first-page":"219","article-title":"Neuroprotective antioxidant effect of sex steroid hormones in traumatic brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Shahrokhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000280001.03578.FF","article-title":"Differential rate of recovery in athletes after first and second concussion episodes","volume":"61","author":"Slobounov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0365","first-page":"879","article-title":"Association of concussion with abnormal menstrual pattern in adolescent and young women","volume":"171","author":"Snook","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02737.x","article-title":"Kickboxing sport as a new cause of traumatic brain injury-mediated hypopituitarism","volume":"66","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000156715.04900.E6","article-title":"Cerebral oxidative stress and depression of energy metabolism correlate with severity of diffuse brain injury in rats","volume":"56","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0380","first-page":"4082","article-title":"Additional Post-Concussion Impact Exposure May Affect Recovery in Adolescent Athletes","volume":"33","author":"Terwilliger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000152734.47516.AA","article-title":"Gender differences in head-neck segment dynamic stabilization during head acceleration","volume":"37","author":"Tierney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000280002.41696.D8","article-title":"Temporal window of metabolic brain vulnerability to concussions: mitochondrial-related impairment\u2013part I","volume":"61","author":"Vagnozzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01103-5","article-title":"Intervention with environmental enrichment after experimental brain trauma enhances cognitive recovery in male but not female rats","volume":"334","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.061044","article-title":"Neuropsychological dysfunction following repeat concussions in jockeys","volume":"77","author":"Wall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303154","article-title":"Academic dysfunction after a concussion among US high school and college students","volume":"106","author":"Wasserman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3953","article-title":"Juvenile traumatic brain injury increases alcohol consumption and reward in female mice","volume":"33","author":"Weil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00406-3","article-title":"Sex differences in brain activation pattern during a visuospatial cognitive task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy volunteers","volume":"344","author":"Weiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4638","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury produces long-lasting deficits in synaptic plasticity in the female juvenile hippocampus","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.03.004","article-title":"Neurocognitive and neuroimaging correlates of pediatric traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study","volume":"22","author":"Wozniak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.441","article-title":"Sex matters: repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats","volume":"4","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304056","article-title":"New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury Laws, 2005-2016","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050903283171","article-title":"Compliance with return to play guidelines following concussion in US high school athletes, 2005-2008","volume":"23","author":"Yard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Inj."}],"container-title":["Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488619300123?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014488619300123?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T14:09:45Z","timestamp":1739801385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014488619300123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["S0014488619300123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanisms underlying vulnerabilities after repeat mild traumatic brain injuries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.01.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}