{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:40:14Z","timestamp":1792176014884,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["075820\/A\/04\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075820\/A\/04\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002679","name":"University of Adnan Menderes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,24]],"date-time":"2012-11-24T04:01:29Z","timestamp":1353729689000},"page":"222-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Development of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Huseyin B.","family":"Bilgi\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fclin","family":"Karagen\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Simuunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Shiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04993.x","article-title":"Antigenic variation in Babesia bovis occurs through segmental gene conversion of the ves multigene family, within a bidirectional locus of active transcription","volume":"59","author":"Al Khedery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.1.91-98.1994","article-title":"Antigenic variation of parasite-derived antigens on the surface of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes","volume":"62","author":"Allred","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80411-6","article-title":"The ves multigene family of B. bovis encodes components of rapid antigenic variation at the infected erythrocyte surface","volume":"5","author":"Allred","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0020","unstructured":"Anon, Theileriosis. OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines, 1997. Office International des Epizooties, 321\u2013330."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0025","first-page":"322","article-title":"Prevalence of tropical theileriosis in cattle in the Aydin Region and determination of efficacy of attenuated Theileria annulata vaccine","volume":"32","author":"Aysul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turkiye. Parazitol. Derg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.3.971-976.1991","article-title":"The msp1 beta multigene family of Anaplasma marginale: nucleotide sequence analysis of an expressed copy","volume":"59","author":"Barbet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.08.025","article-title":"Evaluation of cytochrome b as a sensitive target for PCR based detection of T. annulata carrier animals","volume":"174","author":"Bilgic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406656102","article-title":"Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins","volume":"102","author":"Brayton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030148","article-title":"Genome sequence of Babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoa","volume":"3","author":"Brayton","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.041","article-title":"Immune control of Babesia bovis infection","volume":"138","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(74)90043-5","article-title":"Theileria annulata: cross-reactions between a cell culture schizont antigen and antigens of East African species in the indirect fluorescent antibody test","volume":"35","author":"Burridge","year":"1974","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.11.2748-2755.1996","article-title":"Monitoring Babesia bovis infections in cattle by using PCR-based tests","volume":"34","author":"Calder","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0065","unstructured":"Callow, L.L., 1984. Protozoan and rickettsial diseases. In: Australian Bureau of Animal Health, Animal Health in Australia, Vol. 5. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. pp. 121\u2013216."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.03.022","article-title":"Detection and quantification of Anaplasma marginale DNA in blood samples of cattle by real-time PCR","volume":"124","author":"Carelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004","article-title":"Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"42","author":"Courtney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.07.004","article-title":"New data on epizootiology and genetics of piroplasms based on sequences of small ribosomal subunit and cytochrome b genes","volume":"142","author":"Criado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3.4.S65","article-title":"Multiplex PCR: advantages, development, and applications","volume":"3","author":"Edwards","year":"1994","journal-title":"PCR Methods Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0090","series-title":"Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region","author":"Estrada-Pena","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(93)90008-B","article-title":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction based assay for the detection of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale DNA in bovine blood","volume":"50","author":"Figueroa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53518.x","article-title":"Comparative sensitivity of two tests for the diagnosis of multiple hemoparasite infection of cattle","volume":"791","author":"Figueroa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11027.x","article-title":"Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis follow-up on cattle relocated in an endemic area for hemoparasitic diseases","volume":"849","author":"Figueroa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0110","series-title":"Babesiosis of Domestic Animals and Man","first-page":"23","article-title":"Transmission of Babesia","author":"Friedhoff","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00488-5","article-title":"Detection of haemoparasites in cattle by reverse line blot hybridisation with a note on the distribution of ticks in Sicily","volume":"99","author":"Georges","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.015","article-title":"Infection of calves with Theileria annulata in Tunisia: economic analysis and evaluation of the potential benefit of vaccination","volume":"137","author":"Gharbi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.3.919","article-title":"Detection of Anaplasma marginale-infected tick vectors by using a cloned DNA probe","volume":"85","author":"Goff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00402.x","article-title":"The age-related immunity in cattle to Babesia bovis infection involves the rapid induction of interleukin-12, interferon-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the spleen","volume":"23","author":"Goff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1782-1789.1999","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of bovine Theileria and Babesia species by reverse line blot hybridization","volume":"37","author":"Gubbels","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1989-1995.1998","article-title":"Single-step multiplex PCR assay for characterization of New World Leishmania complexes","volume":"36","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.11.2854-2858.1997","article-title":"Use of multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of four bacterial species in middle ear effusions","volume":"35","author":"Hendolin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2144\/97233rr01","article-title":"Multiplex PCR: critical parameters and step-by-step protocol","volume":"23","author":"Henegariu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(96)00255-3","article-title":"Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-I and HTLV-II","volume":"7","author":"Heredia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00766-07","article-title":"Persistently infected calves as reservoirs for acquisition and transovarial transmission of Babesia bovis by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus","volume":"45","author":"Howell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0165","unstructured":"Ilhan,T. 1999. Diagnostic methods for epidemiological studies of tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle). Ph.D. University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.13.4.818","article-title":"Ticks and control methods","volume":"13","author":"Jongejan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.03.022","article-title":"Productivity and health effects of anaplasmosis and babesiosis on Bos indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in Australia","volume":"155","author":"Jonsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30512-5","article-title":"Theileria orientalis occurs in Central Africa","volume":"40","author":"Kiltz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05329.x","article-title":"Anaplasmosis control. Past, present, and future","volume":"916","author":"Kocan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2825(2000)14:5<214::AID-JCLA3>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Detection and typing of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction","volume":"14","author":"Markoulatos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.2058","article-title":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction: a practical approach","volume":"16","author":"Markoulatos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.037","article-title":"Detection of bovine babesiosis in Mozambique by a novel seminested hot-start PCR method","volume":"153","author":"Martins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.10.026","article-title":"Molecular and serological detection of A. centrale- and A. marginale-infected cattle grazing within an endemic area","volume":"113","author":"Molad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0210","first-page":"275","article-title":"Theileriosis, gonderiosis and cytauxzoonoses: a review","volume":"27","author":"Neitz","year":"1957","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2037","article-title":"Selection of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes for adhesion to endothelial cells coselects for altered variant erythrocyte surface antigen isoforms","volume":"164","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110418","article-title":"Genome of the host-cell transforming parasite Theileria annulata compared with T. parva","volume":"309","author":"Pain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291428","article-title":"Theileria annulata as a hazard to cattle in countries in the northern Mediterranean littoral","volume":"2","author":"Purnell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Veterinary Sciences Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281092","article-title":"Theileria annulata and its transmission - A review","volume":"14","author":"Robinson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trop. Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/00034989859483","article-title":"Parasite localization and dissemination in the Babesia-infected host","volume":"92","author":"Schetters","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.101.1.99","article-title":"Disruption of synchrony between parasite growth and host cell division is a determinant of differentiation to the merozoite in Theileria annulata","volume":"101","author":"Shiels","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.09.027","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of tick-borne diseases in Zambia","volume":"175","author":"Simuunza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-42","article-title":"Evolution and diversity of secretome genes in the apicomplexan parasite Theileria annulata","volume":"11","author":"Weir","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90517-O","article-title":"Counting target molecules by exponential polymerase chain reaction: copy number of mitochondrial DNA in rat tissues","volume":"183","author":"Wiesner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/.61.1.1-16.1997","article-title":"Extrachromosomal DNA in the Apicomplexa","volume":"61","author":"Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00410-1","article-title":"A multiplex PCR assay for differentiating economically important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle","volume":"97","author":"Zarlenga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489412003347?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489412003347?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T21:27:56Z","timestamp":1643664476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014489412003347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014489412003347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}