{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:43:59Z","timestamp":1779878639641,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T09:41:22Z","timestamp":1475228482000},"page":"161-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trichomonas gallinae : Prevalence and molecular characterization from pigeons in Minoufiya governorate, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"El-Khatam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud R.","family":"AbouLaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa M.","family":"AbdEl-Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Some studies on trichomoniasis of pigeons at Qualiobia governorate","volume":"21","author":"Abd El-Rahman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Comp. Pathal. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002096","article-title":"Trichomonads in birds-a review","volume":"141","author":"Amin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-011-0047-2","article-title":"Prevalence and pathological lesion of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons of Iran","volume":"35","author":"Borji","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-47.3.730","article-title":"Trichomonad infection in endemic and introduced columbids in the Seychelles","volume":"47","author":"Bunbury","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000930","article-title":"The finch epidemic strain of Trichomonas gallinae is predominant in British non-passerines","volume":"140","author":"Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.52.2004.2.10","article-title":"Health status of free-living pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in the city of Ljubljana","volume":"52","author":"Dovc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.029","article-title":"Molecular confirmation of Trichomonas gallinae and other parabasalids from Brazil using the 5.8S and ITS-1 rRNA regions","volume":"190","author":"Ecco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasit."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001212","article-title":"Comparative sequence analysis of 5.8S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of trichomonadid protozoa","volume":"115","author":"Felleisen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.01.002","article-title":"Molecular identity and heterogeneity of Trichomonad parasites in a closed avian population","volume":"7","author":"Gaspar da Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Gen. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.03.002","article-title":"Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population","volume":"24","author":"Girard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Gen. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.04.015","article-title":"Molecular analysis of clonal trichomonad isolates indicate the existence of heterogenic species present in different birds and within the same host","volume":"172","author":"Grabensteiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib12","series-title":"Veterinary Protozology","author":"Levine","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.967660","article-title":"Genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions","volume":"43","author":"Martinez-Herrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015000281","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Trichomonas gallinae isolates recovered from the Canadian Maritime provinces' wild avifauna reveals the presence of the genotype responsible for the European finch trichomonosis epidemic and additional strains","volume":"142","author":"McBurney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15363.x","article-title":"Trichomonas gallinae in budgerigars and columbid birds in Perth, Western Australia","volume":"75","author":"McKeon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust.Vet. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib16","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pathological studies on pigeon trichomoniasis with reference to the associated bacteria","volume":"22","author":"Mohamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Comp. Pathal. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-011-0082-z","article-title":"Prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae and Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons (Columba domestica) in Isfahan","volume":"36","author":"Nematollahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012215","article-title":"Emerging infectious disease leads to rapid population declines of common British birds","volume":"5","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib19","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450902912135","article-title":"Prevalence and genotyping of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons and birds of prey","volume":"38","author":"Sansano-Maestre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3771-6","article-title":"The antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons","volume":"113","author":"Seddiek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib22","first-page":"46","article-title":"Effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (Columba livia)","volume":"128","author":"Schreiber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Berl. Munchener Tierarztliche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib23","first-page":"8","article-title":"Strains of Trichomonas gallinae varying in virulence","volume":"33","author":"Stabler","year":"1947","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-013-0868-9","article-title":"Causes of morbidity and mortality in free-living birds in an urban environment in Germany","volume":"10","author":"Stenkat","year":"2013","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","article-title":"MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0","volume":"24","author":"Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."}],"container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489416302077?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489416302077?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]],"date-time":"2018-07-15T09:28:54Z","timestamp":1531646934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014489416302077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0014489416302077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trichomonas gallinae: Prevalence and molecular characterization from pigeons in Minoufiya governorate, Egypt","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.09.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}