{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:29:34Z","timestamp":1762298974489,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584230400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":349,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-1149308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1149308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM109499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM109499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000008","name":"David and Lucile Packard Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 1754171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 1754171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]],"date-time":"2019-03-09T10:18:06Z","timestamp":1552126686000},"page":"80-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Resistance and tolerance: A hierarchical framework to compare individual versus family-level host contributions in an experimental amphibian-trematode system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Stutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana M.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter T.J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1086\/670024","article-title":"House finch populations differ in early inflammatory signaling and pathogen tolerance at the peak of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection","volume":"181","author":"Adelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12510","article-title":"Host and parasite thermal acclimation responses depend on the stage of infection","volume":"85","author":"Altman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000150","article-title":"The role of anorexia in resistance and tolerance to infections in Drosophila","volume":"7","author":"Ayres","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01742.x","article-title":"Ecological immunology and tolerance in plants and animals","volume":"25","author":"Baucom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1086\/598494","article-title":"The implications of coevolutionary dynamics to host-parasite interactions","volume":"173","author":"Best","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10417","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00514-09","article-title":"Host genetic variation affects resistance to infection with a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus in mice","volume":"83","author":"Boon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.1009","article-title":"Three mechanisms of host resistance to microparasites\u2014avoidance, recovery and tolerance\u2014show different evolutionary dynamics","volume":"201","author":"Boots","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.07.021","article-title":"Noxious newts and their natural enemies: experimental effects of tetrodotoxin exposure on trematode parasites and aquatic macroinvertebrates","volume":"137","author":"Calhoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1102-3","article-title":"Role of antimicrobial peptides in amphibian defense against trematode infection","volume":"13","author":"Calhoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/08997659.2015.1084068","article-title":"Experimental Infections of bluegill with the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae (Digenea: Cathaemasiidae): histopathology and hematological response","volume":"27","author":"Calhoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Anim. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1538.1","article-title":"Infections do not predict shedding in co-infections with two helminths from a natural system","volume":"95","author":"Cattadori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib13","first-page":"161","article-title":"Tolerance of parasites and disease in plants and its significance in host-parasite interactions","volume":"5","author":"Clarke","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2008.01399.x","article-title":"Host ecology shapes geographical variation for resistance to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"77","author":"Corby-Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-010-1778-y","article-title":"Beyond immunity: quantifying the effects of host anti-parasite behavior on parasite transmission","volume":"165","author":"Daly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1645\/13-350.1","article-title":"Morphological and ITS2 Molecular Characterization of Ribeiroia Cercariae (Digenea: Psilostomidae) from Biomphalaria spp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Northern Argentina","volume":"101","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/377517a0","article-title":"Tradeoff between resistance and tolerance to herbivore damage in a morning glory","volume":"377","author":"Fineblum","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12194","article-title":"Temporal patterns in immunity, infection load and disease susceptibility: understanding the drivers of host responses in the amphibian-chytrid fungus system","volume":"28","author":"Gervasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib18","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of trematode parasites: applying mixed models to test underlying patterns","volume":"145","author":"Hannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0205","article-title":"How mammals stay healthy in nature: the evolution of behaviours to avoid parasites and pathogens","volume":"373","author":"Hart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1086\/676929","article-title":"Heritable, heterogeneous, and costly resistance of sheep against nematodes and potential feedbacks to epidemiological dynamics","volume":"184","author":"Hayward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001917","article-title":"Natural selection on individual variation in tolerance of gastrointestinal nematode infection","volume":"12","author":"Hayward","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib22","first-page":"1902","article-title":"Pathogen resistance and genetic variation at MHC loci","volume":"56","author":"Hedrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01830.x","article-title":"Critical windows of disease risk: amphibian pathology driven by developmental changes in host resistance and tolerance","volume":"25","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01730.x","article-title":"Living fast and dying of infection: host life history drives interspecific variation in infection and disease risk","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57003-3","article-title":"Review of the trematode genus Ribeiroia (Psilostomidae): ecology, life history and pathogenesis with special emphasis on the amphibian malformation problem","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12816","article-title":"Of poisons and parasites\u2014the defensive role of tetrodotoxin against infections in newts","volume":"87","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11883","article-title":"Biodiversity decreases disease through predictable changes in host community competence","volume":"494","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.2307\/1445258","article-title":"Maternal influences on offspring development in the California newt, Taricha torosa","volume":"1985","author":"Kaplan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1139\/z06-158","article-title":"On the efficacy of anti-parasite behaviour: a case study of tadpole susceptibility to cercariae of Echinostoma trivolvis","volume":"84","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0785-3","article-title":"Macroparasite infections of amphibians: what can they tell us?","volume":"9","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2012","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib32","first-page":"899","article-title":"Resistance and tolerance in a host plant\u2013holoparasitic plant interaction: genetic variation and costs","volume":"56","author":"Koskela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1437","article-title":"Estimating genetic parameters in natural populations using the \u2018animal model","volume":"359","author":"Kruuk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib34","first-page":"3700","article-title":"Experimental infection dynamics: using immunosuppression and in vivo parasite tracking to understand host resistance in an amphibian\u2013trematode system","volume":"216","author":"LaFonte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.04.003","article-title":"Quantifying larval trematode infections in hosts: a comparison of method validity and implications for infection success","volume":"154","author":"LaFonte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01537.x","article-title":"Evidence for trans-generational medication in nature","volume":"13","author":"Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3395","article-title":"Q ST\u2013F ST comparisons: evolutionary and ecological insights from genomic heterogeneity","volume":"14","author":"Leinonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04153","article-title":"Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence","volume":"438","author":"Lloyd-Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x","article-title":"Trade-offs in evolutionary immunology: just what is the cost of immunity?","volume":"88","author":"Lochmiller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib40","first-page":"20132567","article-title":"Heritable variation in host tolerance and resistance inferred from a wild host\u2013parasite system","volume":"281","author":"Maz\u00e9-Guilmo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13491","article-title":"Amphibians acquire resistance to live and dead fungus overcoming fungal immunosuppression","volume":"511","author":"McMahon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2005.03.005","article-title":"The evolution of host resistance: tolerance and control as distinct strategies","volume":"236","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12018","article-title":"Temperature-driven shifts in a host-parasite interaction drive nonlinear changes in disease risk","volume":"18","author":"Paull","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"year":"2014","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib44"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0184","article-title":"Decomposing health: tolerance and resistance to parasites in animals","volume":"364","author":"R\u00e5berg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1148526","article-title":"Disentangling genetic variation for resistance and tolerance to infectious diseases in animals","volume":"318","author":"R\u00e5berg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000004","article-title":"Animal defenses against infectious agents: is damage control more important than pathogen control","volume":"6","author":"Read","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.03.018","article-title":"Emerging horizons in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research","volume":"24","author":"Reiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E90","DOI":"10.1086\/423713","article-title":"Concurrent evolution of resistance and tolerance to pathogens","volume":"164","author":"Restif","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02203-6","article-title":"Why should parasite resistance be costly?","volume":"18","author":"Rigby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"year":"2004","series-title":"TpsDig","author":"Rohlf","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib51"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01709.x","article-title":"Developmental variation in resistance and tolerance in a multi-host\u2013parasite system","volume":"24","author":"Rohr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib53","first-page":"51","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of pathogen resistance and tolerance","volume":"54","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"year":"1985","series-title":"Handbook of Trematodes of North America North of Mexico","author":"Schell","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib54"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.2307\/2410521","article-title":"Costs and benefits of plant responses to disease: resistance and tolerance","volume":"48","author":"Simms","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib56","unstructured":"Stan Development Team, 2014. Stan: a C++ Library for Probability and Sampling, version 2.0."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-006-9154-4","article-title":"Resistance and tolerance in Populus tremuloides: genetic variation, costs, and environmental dependency","volume":"21","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw111","article-title":"Low disease-causing threshold in a frog species susceptible to chytridiomycosis","volume":"363","author":"Stockwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS (Fed. Eur. Microbiol. Soc.) Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01576-6","article-title":"The ecology and evolution of plant tolerance to herbivory","volume":"14","author":"Strauss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2307\/3565318","article-title":"Defense and regrowth, alternative plant strategies in the struggle against herbivores","volume":"51","author":"van der Meijden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib62","first-page":"265","article-title":"The sexual strategies of natural populations of newts and salamanders","volume":"45","author":"Verrell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.041910cw","article-title":"Limb developmental stages of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens","volume":"49","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."}],"container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489418305083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489418305083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T06:25:23Z","timestamp":1758003923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014489418305083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0014489418305083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4894"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-4894"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resistance and tolerance: A hierarchical framework to compare individual versus family-level host contributions in an experimental amphibian-trematode system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}