{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:08:34Z","timestamp":1777576114008,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007168","name":"Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006144","name":"Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["010\\u201314\/SARD\/13\/KSCSTE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010\\u201314\/SARD\/13\/KSCSTE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:35:49Z","timestamp":1763645749000},"page":"109066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison of IgM and IgG ELISAs using recombinant thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) for the differentiation of early and late Babesia gibsoni infections in canines"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Nellikka Chalapron","family":"Sreenidhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chundayil Kalarickal","family":"Deepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karapparambu Gopalan","family":"Ajith Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aravindakshan","family":"Anaswara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reghu","family":"Geethu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravindran","family":"Rajasekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pulikottil","family":"Vinu David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reghu","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Molecular characterization and expression of a 47-kDa merozoite surface protein of Babesia gibsoni for serodiagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"20","author":"Aboge","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Protozool. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002594","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a novel 32-kDa merozoite antigen of Babesia gibsoni with a better diagnostic performance by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"134","author":"Aboge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.06.025","article-title":"A novel 57-kDa merozoite protein of Babesia gibsoni is a prospective antigen for diagnosis and serosurvey of canine babesiosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"149","author":"Aboge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.561","article-title":"Comparison of partial ribosomal DNA sequences of Babesia gibsoni occurring in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan","volume":"63","author":"Ano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib5","series-title":"Protein Expression","first-page":"169","article-title":"Prokaryotic In vivo expression systems","author":"Appelbaum","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1144-1150.2000","article-title":"Recombinant antigens to detect Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in human sera by enzyme immunoassay","volume":"38","author":"Aubert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-015-0659-z","article-title":"Escalations in the incidence of canine babesiosis over a period of 8 years (2006\u20132013) in chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"40","author":"Bhaskaran Ravi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4172-4177.2003","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a semi-nested PCR for detection and differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) and B. canis DNA in canine blood samples","volume":"41","author":"Birkenheuer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00039-1","article-title":"Canine babesiosis","volume":"33","author":"Boozer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102477","article-title":"Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein gene of Babesia gibsoni isolates in dogs in South India","volume":"86","author":"Bora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1999.tb05128.x","article-title":"Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli, Babesia canis rossi: differentiation of the three subspecies by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on amplified small subunit ribosomal RNA genes","volume":"46","author":"Carret","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.33545\/26174693.2024.v8.i3Sc.710","article-title":"Canine babesiosis: a report of two different cases","volume":"8","author":"Changkija","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.05.601","article-title":"Hemolytic anaemia caused by Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs","volume":"199","author":"Conrad","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60340-5","article-title":"The classical complement pathway: activation and regulation of the first complement component","volume":"37","author":"Cooper","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45323-8","article-title":"An improved method for the heterologous production of soluble human ribosomal proteins in Escherichia coli","volume":"9","author":"Correddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00760.x","article-title":"Parasite\u2010specific IgM plays a significant role in the protective immune response to asexual erythrocytic stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection","volume":"27","author":"Couper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2023.108621","article-title":"Evaluation of recombinant Babesia gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) for the sero-diagnosis of canine babesiosis","volume":"254","author":"Deepa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","article-title":"VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Doytchinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.06.030","article-title":"An ELISA for the early diagnosis of early canine babesiosis detecting circulating antigen of large Babesia spp","volume":"243","author":"Eichenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2196-6","article-title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity of IgG and IgM ELISA in detecting Schistosoma mansoni infections in a low endemicity setting","volume":"33","author":"Espirito-Santo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib20","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions","author":"Fleiss","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00254-4","article-title":"Detection of IgM antibodies against Babesia bovis in cattle","volume":"82","author":"Goncalves","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.11.010","article-title":"Babesia gibsoni: serodiagnosis of infection in dogs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant BgTRAP","volume":"118","author":"Goo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2008.10.003","article-title":"Characterization of the Babesia gibsoni 12-kDa protein as a potential antigen for the serodiagnosis","volume":"58","author":"Goo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib24","first-page":"345","article-title":"New molecules in Babesia gibsoni and their application for diagnosis, vaccine development, and drug discovery. Korean","volume":"52","author":"Goo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4701-y","article-title":"Towards vaccine against toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the immunogenic and protective activity of recombinant ROP5 and ROP18 Toxoplasma gondii proteins","volume":"114","author":"Grzybowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010829","article-title":"Development and evaluation of recombinant E2 protein-based IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double antigen sandwich ELISA for detection of antibodies to Chikungunya virus","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.08.001","article-title":"Canine babesiosis","volume":"40","author":"Irwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh1973.6.15","article-title":"Pathophysiological findings on blood of beagles experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Japan","volume":"6","author":"Ishimine","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.843","article-title":"Identification of a novel gene encoding a secreted antigen 1 of Babesia gibsoni and evaluation of its use in serodiagnosis","volume":"75","author":"Jia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04409","article-title":"Detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis that recognize recombinant gp36 antigens","volume":"6","author":"Kaewmongkol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060739","article-title":"The etiology, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni infection","volume":"12","author":"Karasova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/antib9040053","article-title":"Structure, function, and therapeutic use of IgM antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Keyt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibodies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib35","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Molecular detection and risk factor analysis of Babesia gibsoni and Babesia vogeli in naturally infected dogs in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"55","author":"Kopparthi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.09.016","article-title":"Conflicting results of serological, PCR and microscopic methods clarify the various risk levels of canine babesiosis in Slovakia: a complex approach to Babesia canis diagnostics","volume":"191","author":"Kubelova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib37","article-title":"Haemoprotozoan and haemorickettsial carrier status in pet and community-owned dogs of South India","volume":"56","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib38","first-page":"1642","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of different diagnostic tests for B. gibsoni in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0310-SA","article-title":"Highlighted prospects of an IgM\/IgG antibodies test in identifying individuals with asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection","volume":"145","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Path. Lab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-127","article-title":"Comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs","volume":"7","author":"Maggi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.aavs\/2017\/5.3.140.144","article-title":"Prevalence of canine babesiosis in different breeds of dogs in and around Bengaluru","volume":"5","author":"Mahalingaiah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.10.013","article-title":"Development of recombinant BgP12 based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs","volume":"169","author":"Mandal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.11.003","article-title":"Canine babesiosis in Europe: how many diseases","volume":"28","author":"Matijatko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.185","article-title":"Clinical and hematologic effects of experimental infection of dogs with recently identified Babesia gibsoni-like isolates from Oklahoma","volume":"220","author":"Meinkoth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.11.004","article-title":"No TRAP, no invasion","volume":"25","author":"Morahan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.21209","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve: overview and practical use for clinicians","volume":"75","author":"Nahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.07.011","article-title":"Expression of truncated Babesia gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive proteins in Escherichia coli and evaluation of their diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"129","author":"Narantsatsral","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-93","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction is superior to serology for the diagnosis of early Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and reveals a high rate of persistent infection","volume":"8","author":"Nilsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2017.611.282","article-title":"Parasitic diseases of domestic and wild animals in northern Kerala: a retrospective study based on clinical samples","volume":"6","author":"Nimisha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-resource-111820-024214","article-title":"Global change and emerging infectious diseases","volume":"14","author":"Nova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(85)90002-0","article-title":"The detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against Babesia bigemina in bovine sera using semi-defined antigens in enzyme immunoassays","volume":"18","author":"O'Dohoghue","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-28","article-title":"Canine vector- borne diseases in India: a review of the literature and identification of existing knowledge gaps","volume":"3","author":"Rani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.14737\/journal.jap\/2015\/2.4.80.99","article-title":"Application of molecular and serological diagnostics in veterinary parasitology","volume":"2","author":"Ranjan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000200017","article-title":"Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgM antibodies to Babesia bigemina in cattle","volume":"96","author":"Ruiz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx244","article-title":"Vector-borne diseases and climate change: a European perspective","volume":"365","author":"Semenza","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00111-2","article-title":"Molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of parasitic infections","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib57","first-page":"84","article-title":"Sero-diagnostic potential of Babesia gibsoni recombinant thrombospondin-related adhesive protein","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.025","article-title":"Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in India","volume":"41","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0098","article-title":"Critical analysis of vector-borne infections in dogs: babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Punjab","volume":"61","author":"Singla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1596-0","article-title":"A review of Canine babesiosis: the European perspective","volume":"9","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/antib14020044","article-title":"IgM antibody detection as a diagnostic marker for acute toxoplasmosis: current status of studies and main limitations","volume":"14","author":"Solowinska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibodies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Purification of his-tagged proteins","volume":"vol. 559","author":"Spriestersbach","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00797-20","article-title":"The role of antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: is there one","volume":"58","author":"Theel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib64","first-page":"407","article-title":"Clinical and serological observations on experimental infections with Babesia canis and its diagnosis using the IFAT","volume":"2","author":"Vercammen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008401","article-title":"Development of a practical immunochromatographic test with recombinant P50 for the diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs","volume":"131","author":"Verdida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109338","article-title":"Evaluation of recombinant BgSA3 protein based indirect-ELISA for sero-diagnosis and sero-surveillance of Babesia gibsoni in dogs","volume":"289","author":"Vijaykumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020407","article-title":"Comparative performance of serological (IgM\/IgG) and molecular testing (RT-PCR) of COVID-19 in three private universities in cameroon during the pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Wouambo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.10.1579","article-title":"Evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs","volume":"54","author":"Yamane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.5.535","article-title":"Detection of Babesia gibsoni and the canine small Babesia \u2018Spanish isolate \u2019 in blood samples obtained from dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations","volume":"235","author":"Yeagley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib70","first-page":"336","article-title":"Molecular and serological detection of early and latent toxoplasmosis using real-time PCR and ELISA techniques in blood donors of Rafsanjan city, Iran, 2013","volume":"9","author":"Zainodini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192723","article-title":"Serological analysis of IgG and IgM antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in various animal species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.03.015","article-title":"Characterization of the Babesia gibsoni P18 as a homologue of thrombospondin related adhesive protein","volume":"148","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489425001717?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489425001717?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:27:25Z","timestamp":1777404445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014489425001717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S0014489425001717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of IgM and IgG ELISAs using recombinant thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) for the differentiation of early and late Babesia gibsoni infections in canines","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.109066","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109066"}}