{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:51:05Z","timestamp":1791363065520,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:10:55Z","timestamp":1788970255000},"page":"109198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Curative and protective effects of fenugreek seeds extract-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles against lung damage and intestinal dysplasia induced by experimental cryptosporidiosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"289","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab R.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen M.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Gamil","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Mesbah","family":"Mohammed Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa Zakaria","family":"Elshora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona T.","family":"Koullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha K.E.","family":"Fahmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Seliem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa H.","family":"Sedira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa Attia","family":"Atta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa A.","family":"Dahpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Effect of nitazoxanide, artesunate loaded polymeric nano fiber and their combination on experimental cryptosporidiosis. Iran","volume":"14","author":"Abdelhamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.11.023","article-title":"Assessment of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice and its role in triggering intestinal dysplasia","volume":"17","author":"Abdou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib4","first-page":"763","article-title":"Mycogenic zinc nanoparticles with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-alzheimer activities mitigate the aluminium toxicity in mice: effects on liver, kidney, and brain health and growth performance","volume":"44","author":"Al-Gheffari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.8.2471","article-title":"Prognostic significance of Cyclin D1 over-expression in colorectal cancer: an experience from Madinah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"20","author":"Albasri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. APJCP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib5","article-title":"Medical prospects of cryptosporidiosis in vivo control using biofabricated nanoparticles loaded with Cinnamomum camphora extracts by Ulva fasciata","volume":"17","author":"Allam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-025-00669-7","article-title":"Evaluation of potential antiparasitic effect of ZnO nanoparticles on experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice","volume":"38","author":"Alrefaee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biometals: an int. J. role of metal ions in Biol. Biochem. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib7","first-page":"176","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from equines in Egypt","volume":"44","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.21608\/puj.2021.102944.1140","article-title":"Evaluation of potential prophylactic and therapeutic effect of azoximer bromide (polyoxidonium) on experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised mice","volume":"14","author":"Atia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol United J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740290908","article-title":"Analysis of condensed tannins using acidified vanillin","volume":"48","author":"Broadhurst","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.10.137","article-title":"K-doped ZnO nanostructures: biosynthesis and parasiticidal application","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib11","article-title":"Glucose fluctuation inhibits Nrf2 signaling pathway in hippocampal tissues and exacerbates cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"19","author":"Chi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2017.07.009","article-title":"A rapid IL-17. Response to Cryptosporidium parvum in the bovine intestine","volume":"191","author":"Drinkall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060878","article-title":"Annona muricata leaf as an anti-cryptosporidial agent: an in silico molecular docking analysis and In vivo studies","volume":"16","author":"El-Wakil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01315-4","article-title":"Evaluation of possible prophylactic and therapeutic effect of mefloquine on experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised mice","volume":"45","author":"El-Wakil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasitic Dis.: off. organ Ind. Soc. Parasitol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib15","first-page":"4557","article-title":"A guide to histomorphological evaluation of intestinal inflammation in mouse models","volume":"7","author":"Erben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib16","series-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","first-page":"121","article-title":"The hematoxylin and eosin","author":"Gamble","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/protex.2012.055","article-title":"Estimation of total terpenoids concentration in plant tissues using a monoterpene, linalool as standard reagent","author":"Ghorai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protocol exchange"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1547757","article-title":"Cutting-edge nanotechnology: unveiling the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in combating deadly gastrointestinal tumors","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24541","article-title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide\/Allium sativum nano-composite and its efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis","volume":"87","author":"Hamdy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46260-3","article-title":"Newly fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded materials for therapeutic nano delivery in experimental cryptosporidiosis","volume":"13","author":"Hamdy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1002\/adv.21782","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of chitosan\u2010based nanoparticles as protein delivery system","volume":"37","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Polym. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of silver nanoparticles loaded nitazoxanide in the treatment of murine cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice","volume":"3","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Univ. J. Virus Res. Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-01045-8","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of blue LED irradiated and non-irradiated fenugreek seed extracts on Murine trichinosis","volume":"70","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-022-01520-3","article-title":"Apoptotic changes in the intestinal epithelium of cryptosporidium-infected mice after silver nanoparticles treatment versus nitazoxanide","volume":"46","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01159-06","article-title":"Antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide inhibits the pyruvate oxidoreductases of Helicobacter pylori, selected anaerobic bacteria and parasites, and Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"51","author":"Hoffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsia, C. C., Hyde, D. M., Ochs, M., Weibel, E. R., ATS\/ERS joint task force on quantitative assessment of lung structure, 2010. An official research policy statement of the American thoracic society\/european respiratory society: standards for quantitative assessment of lung structure. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 181(4), 394\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200809-1522ST.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1522ST"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030208","article-title":"Deciphering host\u2013pathogen interactions: role of cryptosporidium in tumorigenesis","volume":"14","author":"Hussain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia2040111","article-title":"Apoptosis regulators Bcl-2 and Caspase-3","volume":"2","author":"Hussar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Encyclopedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113969","article-title":"Novel landmarks on the journey from natural products to pharmaceutical formulations: phytochemical, biological, toxicological and computational activities of Satureja hortensis L","volume":"179","author":"Huwaimel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol. : an int. J. Publ. British Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.12.016","article-title":"A one health approach to tackle cryptosporidiosis","volume":"36","author":"Innes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1062562","article-title":"The advancing of zinc oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinorgan. Chem. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13492","article-title":"Studies on the phytomodulatory potential of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) on bisphenol-A induced testicular damage in mice","volume":"52","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.849","article-title":"Amebicidal effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum\u2010graecum) against Acanthamoeba cysts","volume":"7","author":"Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib34","first-page":"306","article-title":"Broccoli partially lowers oxidative stress, histopathological lesions and enhances antioxidant profile of mono sex Tilapia exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles","volume":"44","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-020-01522-9","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic and anti-cancer activities of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles","author":"Khashan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib36","article-title":"Improving the vanillin-sulphuric acid method for quantifying total saponins","volume":"6","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110237","article-title":"MiR-181d targets BCL2 to regulate HCT-8 cell apoptosis and parasite burden in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway","volume":"330","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2^(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib39","first-page":"111","article-title":"Oxidative stress biomarkers and pathological alterations induced by cryptosporidim infection in Buffalo calves at assiut governorate","volume":"10","author":"Mahran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egy. J. Advanc. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib40","first-page":"255","article-title":"Total phenolic and total flavonoids in ulgarian fruits and vegetables","volume":"40","author":"Marinova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metall."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0749-9","article-title":"Ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds moderates dimethoate-induced pancreatic damage in male rats","volume":"25","author":"Mesallam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01337-y","article-title":"Assessment of chitosan nanoparticles in improving the efficacy of nitazoxanide on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent murine models","volume":"45","author":"Moawad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes19051","article-title":"The effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats","volume":"29","author":"Mohammad-Sadeghipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obes. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib43","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Role of cyclin D1 in breast carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Mohammadizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2217\/crc-2018-0008","article-title":"The new trend in the treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis and the resulting intestinal dysplasia","volume":"7","author":"Mostafa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colorectal Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.06.042","article-title":"Exogenous arginine improved fenugreek sprouts growth and trigonelline production under salinity condition","volume":"122","author":"Badi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib47","first-page":"60","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry: a revolutionary technique in laboratory medicine","volume":"5","author":"Okoye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2022\/10.7.1458.1465","article-title":"Antischistosomal activity of Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek) crude seeds water extract on infected mice","volume":"10","author":"Osman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189422","article-title":"High association of Cryptosporidium spp. infection with colon adenocarcinoma in Lebanese patients","volume":"12","author":"Osman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib50","first-page":"489","article-title":"Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on pyruvate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase expressions and apoptotic index in breast cancer cells","volume":"30","author":"\u00d6zi\u00e7","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib51","first-page":"3307","article-title":"An update on zoonotic cryptosporidium species and genotypes in humans","volume":"11","author":"Ryan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/02611929231181623","article-title":"Fenugreek seed extract regulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and proliferation via the PI3K\/Akt\/Cyclin D1 pathway","volume":"51","author":"Safarpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Altern. Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.006","article-title":"Fenugreek seed gum: biological properties, chemical modifications, and structural analysis- A review","volume":"138","author":"Salarbashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.56808\/3027-7922.2196","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of total alkaloids in some Iranian medicinal plants","volume":"32","author":"Shamsa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thai J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib55","first-page":"157","article-title":"Efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles as water disinfectant against cryptosporidium parvum. Journal of the Egypt","volume":"53","author":"Sharaf-El-Deen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soci. of Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib56","article-title":"Oxidative stress and clinico-pathological alterations induced by Cryptosporidium parvum infection in a rat model","volume":"3677","author":"Sood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2020.1825482","article-title":"Nutritional and therapeutic properties of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum): a review","volume":"23","author":"Syed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2022.288","article-title":"Pilot study on the evaluation of cryptosporidium infection in patients with lung cancer: respiratory cryptosporidiosis","volume":"75","author":"Ulusan Bagci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib59","first-page":"72","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: a mini review","volume":"7","author":"Vanathy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tropenmed. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2016.01.007","article-title":"Fenugreek: a review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products","volume":"17","author":"Wani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Saudi Soc. Agricult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198_bib61","first-page":"2325","article-title":"Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linnaeus, 1753 (Fenugreek) seed extract in experimental pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Yacoubi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."}],"container-title":["Experimental Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489426001050?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014489426001050?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:05:50Z","timestamp":1791360350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014489426001050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0014489426001050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4894","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Curative and protective effects of fenugreek seeds extract-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles against lung damage and intestinal dysplasia induced by experimental cryptosporidiosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Experimental Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2026.109198","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109198"}}