{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:37:17Z","timestamp":1790282237548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Damascus University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Waterborne Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T02:45:32Z","timestamp":1604371532000},"page":"e00090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigation of parasitic contamination of salad vegetables sold by street vendors in city markets in Damascus, Syria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Samar","family":"Al Nahhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghalia","family":"Aboualchamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2009.11.005","article-title":"Parasitological contamination in salad vegetables in Tripoli-Libya","volume":"21","author":"Abougrain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.10.032","article-title":"Prevalence of helminth eggs in raw vegetables consumed in Burdur, Turkey","volume":"31","author":"Adanir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0015","first-page":"613","article-title":"The prevalence of parasites in commonly used leafy vegetables in South Western, Saudi Arabia","volume":"27","author":"Al-Binali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.12.011","article-title":"Variable geographic distribution of Blastocystis subtypes and its potential implications","volume":"126","author":"Alfellani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0025","first-page":"94","article-title":"The prevalence of parasitic contamination on common sold vegetables in Alqalamoun region","volume":"30","author":"Alhabbal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0030","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites and microbial contamination in common edible vegetables used in Gaza Governorate, Palestine","volume":"2","author":"Al-Hindi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Food Safe & Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0035","first-page":"62","article-title":"The enteroparasitic contamination of commercial vegetables in Gaza Governorates","volume":"1","author":"Al-Shawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Countries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01940.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of common and improved sanitary washing methods in selected cities of West Africa for the reduction of coliform bacteria and helminth eggs on vegetables","volume":"12","author":"Amoah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tropical Med. Int. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.12691\/jfnr-2-12-16","article-title":"Microbial and parasitic contamination on fresh vegetables sold in traditional markets in Hue City, Vietnam","volume":"2","author":"Chau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J of Food & Nutrition Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407706-5.00001-0","article-title":"Recent developments in Blastocystis research","volume":"82","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.55723","article-title":"Parasitic contamination of vegetables in Jos; Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Damen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Afr. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0060","series-title":"Foodborne Pathogens: Hazards, Risk Analysis and Control","first-page":"18","author":"de W Blackburn","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.01.036","article-title":"Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks - an update 2011-2016","volume":"114","author":"Efstratiou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0070","first-page":"197","article-title":"Prevalence of parasitic contamination of leafy green vegetables in Misurata, Libya","volume":"40","author":"Elmajdoub","year":"2017","journal-title":"Russian J. of Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0075","first-page":"613960","article-title":"Parasitic contamination of commonly consumed fresh leafy vegetables in Benha, Egypt","volume":"2014","author":"Eraky","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2004.06.016","article-title":"The contamination of various fruit and vegetable with Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris eggs, Entamoeba histolyca cysts and Giardia cysts","volume":"16","author":"Erdo\u011frul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Control."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.29252\/jhehp.2.2.89","article-title":"Parasitic contamination in commonly consumed vegetables in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran","volume":"2","author":"Esboei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Environ. Health Promot"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0090","first-page":"192","article-title":"Parasitic contamination of commonly consumed fresh vegetables and fruits in some rural areas of Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt","volume":"7","author":"Etewa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afro-Egypt J. Infect. Endem. Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-485","article-title":"Prevalence of some human entero parasites in commonly consumed raw vegetables in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","volume":"79","author":"Gabre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Protect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-5506.2019.02064.3","article-title":"Diagnostic study on intestinal parasites isolated from raw consumed vegetables in Misan City\/Iraq","volume":"10","author":"Ghanim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health Res. & Develop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.01.033","article-title":"Parasitological contamination of freshly eaten vegetables collected from local markets in Alexandria, Egypt. A preliminary study","volume":"26","author":"Hassan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.5604\/17331331.1204480","article-title":"Prevalence of parasitic contamination in salad vegetables collected from supermarkets and street vendors in Amman and Baqa'a-Jordan","volume":"65","author":"Ismail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polish J. Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2626-7","article-title":"Blastocystis infection is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in a Mexican patient population","volume":"110","author":"Jimenez-Gonzalez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pjz\/2017.49.3.sc3","article-title":"Parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables sold at upper and lower Dir districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"49","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J. Zool"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.065","article-title":"The prevalence of intestinal parasites is not greater among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Krogsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2839","article-title":"Gastroenterology in developing countries: issues and advances","volume":"15","author":"Mandeville","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0135","first-page":"44","article-title":"Parasites contamination and distribution on fruits and vegetables in Kogi, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Omowaye","year":"2012","journal-title":"CIBTech J. of Bio-Protocols"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-020-01206-8","article-title":"Molecular and epidemiological characterization of Giardia intestinalis assemblages detected in Djelfa, Algeria","volume":"44","author":"Rabih","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2012.05.005","article-title":"Detection of parasites in commonly consumed raw vegetables","volume":"48","author":"Said","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alexandria J. of Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.10.008","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis in Damascus, Syria: identification of Giardia genotypes in a sample of human fecal isolates using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyzing method","volume":"154","author":"Skhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.09.006","article-title":"Identification of a novel assemblage B sub-genotype and a zoonotic assemblage C in human isolates of Giardia duodenalis in Egypt","volume":"60","author":"Soliman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-840R.1","article-title":"Detection of Blastocystis hominis in unpreserved stool specimens by using polymerase chain reaction","volume":"92","author":"Stensvold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. of Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.032","article-title":"Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves","volume":"130","author":"Trout","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0170","series-title":"Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation","volume":"Vol. 916","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090_bb0175","series-title":"World Health Statistics 2008","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Food and Waterborne Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405676620300196?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405676620300196?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:43:30Z","timestamp":1762505010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405676620300196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S2405676620300196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6766","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigation of parasitic contamination of salad vegetables sold by street vendors in city markets in Damascus, Syria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00090","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Association of Food and Waterborne Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e00090"}}