{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:03:58Z","timestamp":1783029838650,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,14]],"date-time":"2005-04-14T20:17:04Z","timestamp":1113509824000},"page":"75-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Surgical Treatment of the Hallux Rigidus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luciano S.","family":"Keiserman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. James","family":"Sammarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. James","family":"Sammarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100104","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of foot problems in the continental United States: 1978\u20131979","volume":"1","author":"Gould","year":"1980","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib2","first-page":"728","article-title":"Contraction of the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe","volume":"1","author":"Davies-Colley","year":"1887","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib3","first-page":"158","article-title":"Stiffness of the great toe in adolescents","volume":"1","author":"Cotteril","year":"1888","journal-title":"British Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib4","first-page":"772","article-title":"Hallux limitus","volume":"53-B","author":"Harrison","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib5","first-page":"627","article-title":"\u201cDorsal bunion\u201d: its mechanics and operative correction","volume":"22","author":"Lapidus","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib6","unstructured":"Myerson M.S., Horton G.A., Park Y.W. The role of metatarsus elevatus in the pathogenesis of hallux rigidus. Read at the Specialty Day Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Atlanta, Georgia, February 25, 1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000302","article-title":"Intermediate to long-term follow up of medial-approach dorsal cheilectomy for hallux rigidus","volume":"20","author":"Easley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200304","article-title":"Age-based outcomes of cheilectomy for the treatment of hallux rigidus","volume":"22","author":"Feltham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078100100603","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: cheilectomy or implant?","volume":"1","author":"Gould","year":"1981","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib10","first-page":"182","article-title":"Subjective results of hallux rigidus following treatment with cheilectomy","volume":"226","author":"Hattrup","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02942383","article-title":"Cheilectomy for hallux rigidus","volume":"161","author":"Keogh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870030-00012","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: treatment by cheilectomy","volume":"70-A","author":"Mann","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000405","article-title":"Results after cheilectomy in athletes with hallux rigidus","volume":"20","author":"Mulier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib14","first-page":"55","article-title":"A simple operation for hallux rigidus","volume":"142","author":"Moberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769010-00012","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint as salvage for the failed Keller procedure","volume":"69-A","author":"Coughlin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.51B3.488","article-title":"A review of long-term results of arthrodesis of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint","volume":"51-B","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345030-00003","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux valgus and rigidus","volume":"45-A","author":"Harrison","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib18","first-page":"48","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for severe bunions and hallux rigidus","volume":"142","author":"Lipscomb","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100305","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"1","author":"Mann","year":"1980","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib20","first-page":"175","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus","volume":"50","author":"Marin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.49B3.544","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe","volume":"49-B","author":"Moynihan","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B5.2211767","article-title":"The management of the painful first metatarsophalangeal joint in the older patient: arthrodesis or Keller's arthroplasty?","volume":"72B","author":"O'Doherty","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1951.01250030594018","article-title":"Keller operation for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus","volume":"62","author":"Jordan","year":"1951","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700800110","article-title":"Keller arthroplasty: a prospective review","volume":"8","author":"Love","year":"1987","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19900901-17","article-title":"Keller resection arthroplasty","volume":"13","author":"Richardson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orthopaedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674908988961","article-title":"Removal of the base of the proximal phalanx for hallux rigidus","volume":"18","author":"Severin","year":"1930","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib27","first-page":"207","article-title":"A ten-year review of Keller's operation","volume":"89","author":"Wrighton","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701800407","article-title":"Tendon arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux rigidus: preliminary communication","volume":"18","author":"Barca","year":"1997","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701800204","article-title":"Capsular interposition arthroplasty for severe hallux rigidus","volume":"18","author":"Hamilton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200602","article-title":"Outcomes following cheilectomy and interpositional arthroplasty in hallux rigidus","volume":"22","author":"Lau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400902","article-title":"Soft-tissue arthroplasty for hallux rigidus","volume":"24","author":"Coughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173100-00002","article-title":"Use of a hinged silicone prosthesis for replacement arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"73-A","author":"Granberry","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078100100602","article-title":"Total replacement arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.62B1.7351441","article-title":"Swanson's silastic implants in great toes","volume":"62-B","author":"Sethu","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300508","article-title":"Silicone lymphadenopathy associated with failed prosthesis of the hallux: a case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Sammarco","year":"1992","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib36","first-page":"30","article-title":"Silicone implant arthroplasty of the great toe. A review of single stem and flexible hinge implants","volume":"142","author":"Swanson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib37","series-title":"Surgery of the foot and ankle","first-page":"605","article-title":"Arthritides","author":"Coughlin","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678008990884","article-title":"Hallux rigidus treated with Swanson silastic hemi-joint prosthesis","volume":"51","author":"Molster","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501101","article-title":"A metallic hemiarthroplasty resurfacing prosthesis for the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"15","author":"Townley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib40","first-page":"821","article-title":"Aetiology of hallux rigidus","volume":"59","author":"Goodfellow","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B1.627584","article-title":"The pathogenesis of hallux rigidus","volume":"60","author":"McMaster","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401002","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: demographics, etiology, and radiographic assessment","volume":"24","author":"Coughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib43","series-title":"Basic biomechanics of the skeleton system","first-page":"193","article-title":"Biomechanics of the foot","author":"Sammarco","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00012","article-title":"Kinematics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"68","author":"Shereff","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3109\/17453673008991145","article-title":"Hallux rigidus and its treatment","volume":"1","author":"Nilsonne","year":"1930","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.32B2.214","article-title":"Hallux rigidus","volume":"32-B","author":"Bingold","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B5.11425","article-title":"Manipulation and injection for hallux rigidus. Is it worthwhile?","volume":"83","author":"Solan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002101103","article-title":"Outcomes in hallux rigidus patients treated non-operatively: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib49","series-title":"Foot and ankle disorders","first-page":"289","article-title":"Hallux rigidus","author":"Horton","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib50","series-title":"Surgery of the foot","first-page":"392","author":"DuVries","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib51","first-page":"57","article-title":"Hallux rigidus. A review of the literature and a method of treatment","volume":"142","author":"Mann","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200311000-00003","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: grading and long-term results of operative treatment","volume":"85-A","author":"Coughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199806000-00015","article-title":"Hallux rigidus and osteoarthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"80-A","author":"Shereff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300605","article-title":"First metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis: a clinical, pedobarographic and gait analysis study","volume":"23","author":"DeFrino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198106000-00013","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe","volume":"157","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701","article-title":"Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux and lesser toes","volume":"15","author":"Kitaoka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500105","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with Vitallium plate fixation","volume":"15","author":"Coughlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200003000-00004","article-title":"Rheumatoid forefoot reconstruction. A long-term follow-up study","volume":"82","author":"Coughlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.44B2.356","article-title":"Keller's arthroplasty modified. A technique to ensure postoperative distraction of the toe","volume":"44-B","author":"Thomas","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(01)00004-3","article-title":"Surgical options for salvage of end-stage hallux rigidus","volume":"7","author":"Brage","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.34B3.366","article-title":"Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus. A critical survey of operative results","volume":"34-B","author":"Bonney","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.40B4.668","article-title":"Hallux rigidus in the adolescent","volume":"40-B","author":"Kessel","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B5.3680354","article-title":"Dorsal wedge osteotomy of the proximal phalanx for hallux rigidus","volume":"69-B","author":"Citron","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000102","article-title":"Proximal phalanx osteotomy for the surgical treatment of hallux rigidus","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-69-1-52","article-title":"The Watermann osteotomy for hallux limitus","volume":"69","author":"Cavolo","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Podiat Assn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib66","first-page":"114","article-title":"Modifications of the Austin bunionectomy for treatment of metatarsus primus elevatus associated with hallux limitus","volume":"21","author":"Youngswick","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Foot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(98)80112-9","article-title":"Reconstruction of hallux limitus deformity using a first metatarsal sagittal-Z osteotomy","volume":"37","author":"Viegas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"}],"container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751504001044?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751504001044?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T23:27:58Z","timestamp":1683070078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083751504001044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1083751504001044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2004.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}}}