{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:56:43Z","timestamp":1761058603111},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T15:10:36Z","timestamp":1168441836000},"page":"609-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Electrical Bone Stimulation: An Overview and its Use in High Risk and Charcot Foot and Ankle Reconstructions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Brad","family":"Petrisor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johnny T.C.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1143\/JPSJ.12.1158","article-title":"On the piezoelectric effect of bone","volume":"12","author":"Fukuda","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Physiol Soc Japan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244060-00020","article-title":"Current concepts of bone formation","volume":"44A","author":"Bassett","year":"1962","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.137.3535.1063","article-title":"Generation of electric potentials by bone in response to mechanical stress","volume":"137","author":"Bassett","year":"1962","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320300027017","article-title":"Pulsing electromagnetic field treatment in ununited fractures and failed arthrodeses","volume":"247","author":"Bassett","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/204652a0","article-title":"Effects of electric currents on bone in vivo","volume":"204","author":"Bassett","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9243","article-title":"Pulsed electromagnetic fields simultaneously induce osteogenesis and upregulate transcription of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 in rat osteoblasts in vitro","volume":"250","author":"Bodamyali","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biophys Biochem Res Comm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198103000-00001","article-title":"Treatment of nonunion of the tibia with constant direct current","volume":"21","author":"Brighton","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Trauma Mar"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163010-00002","article-title":"A multicenter study of the treatment of nonunion with constant direct current","volume":"63","author":"Brighton","year":"1981","journal-title":"JBJS Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib9","first-page":"223","article-title":"Tibial nonunion treated with direct current, capacitive coupling or bone graft","volume":"321","author":"Brighton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib10","first-page":"46","article-title":"The clinical use of bone stimulators","volume":"12","author":"Anglen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J South Orthop Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib11","first-page":"295","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of fracture nonunions treated with PEMFs","volume":"22","author":"Garland","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contemp Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200002000-00004","article-title":"Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone healing in a rabbit tibial osteotomy model","volume":"14","author":"Fredericks","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orth Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070104","article-title":"The effects of demineralized bone matrix and direct current on \u201cin vivo\u201d culture of bone marrow cells","volume":"7","author":"Friedenburgh","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153070-00018","article-title":"Stimulation of fracture healing by direct current in the rabbit fibula","volume":"53","author":"Friedenberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"JBJS Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib15","series-title":"Electrical properties of bone and cartilage","first-page":"491","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation on embryonic rat calvaria in vitro","author":"Jansenn","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00031-1","article-title":"Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on late-phase osteotomy gap healing in a canine tibial model","volume":"20","author":"Inoue","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200402000-00006","article-title":"Stimulation of growth factor synthesis by electric and electromagnetic fields","volume":"419","author":"Aaron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200103000-00031","article-title":"Pulsed electromagnetic fields increase growth factor release by nonunion cells","volume":"384","author":"Guerkov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200110000-00009","article-title":"Signal transduction in electrically stimulated bone cells","volume":"83","author":"Brighton","year":"2001","journal-title":"JBJS Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200309000-00007","article-title":"Use of physical forces in bone healing","volume":"11","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cundy P.J., Paterson D.C. A ten-year review of treatment of delayed union and nonunion with an implanted bone growth stimulator. Clin Orthop 259:216\u201322","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199010000-00031"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2187877","article-title":"A double-blind trial of pulsed electromagnetic fields for delayed union of tibial fractures","volume":"72B","author":"Sharrard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300309","article-title":"Revision ankle arthrodesis","volume":"23","author":"Midis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Intl"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402501102","article-title":"PEMF as treatment for delayed healing of foot and ankle arthrodesis","volume":"25","author":"Saltzman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Intl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.106","article-title":"Effect of electrical stimulation on musculoskeletal systems; a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Akai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.10041","article-title":"Electrical stimulation as an adjunct to spinal fusion: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Akai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib27","first-page":"375","article-title":"Totally implanted direct current stimulator as treatment for a nonunion in the foot","volume":"32","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300103","article-title":"Implantable electrical stimulation in high-risk hindfoot fusions","volume":"23","author":"Donly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot and Ankle Intl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.01.007","article-title":"The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on hindfoot arthrodesis: a prospective study","volume":"43","author":"Dhawan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(98)80096-3","article-title":"Nonunion of a hawkins group II talar neck fracture without avascular necrosis","volume":"37","author":"Rockett","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501006","article-title":"Treatment of delayed unions and nonunions of the proximal fifth metatarsal with pulsed electromagnetic fields","volume":"15","author":"Holmes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Intl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(98)80028-8","article-title":"The role of combined magnetic field bone growth stimulation as an adjunct in the treatment of neuropathy\/Charcot joint: an expanded pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Hanft","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"}],"container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751505000744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751505000744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T17:20:52Z","timestamp":1556040052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083751505000744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1083751505000744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}