{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:01:11Z","timestamp":1790539271013,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,8]],"date-time":"2007-06-08T12:54:36Z","timestamp":1181307276000},"page":"363-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["The Role of Isolated Gastrocnemius and Combined Achilles Contractures in the Flatfoot"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"DiGiovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00010","article-title":"Isolated gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"84","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-81-10-519","article-title":"Objective identification of ankle equinus deformity and resulting contracture","volume":"81","author":"Hillstrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-85-6-295","article-title":"Ankle equinus. Prevalence and linkage to common foot pathology","volume":"85","author":"Hill","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700108","article-title":"The effect of triceps surae contracture force on plantar foot distribution","volume":"27","author":"Aronow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300105","article-title":"The effect on ankle dorsiflexion of gastrocnemius recession","volume":"23","author":"Pinney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00013611-200015030-00002","article-title":"Triceps surae contractures associated with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Aronow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tech Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-79-4-159","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession in the treatment of nonspastic ankle equinus: a retrospective study","volume":"79","author":"Downey","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-194830010-00013","article-title":"Hypermobile flat-foot with short tendo Achilles","volume":"30","author":"Harris","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib9","first-page":"797","article-title":"Muscle bound feet","volume":"17C","author":"Hibbs","year":"1914","journal-title":"New York Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib10","first-page":"773","article-title":"An operation for the correction of extremely relaxed flat feet","volume":"13","author":"Hoke","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-65-9-849","article-title":"Tendo Achilles lengthening and its effect on foot disorders","volume":"65","author":"Sgarlato","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib12","unstructured":"Stotler WM, Van Bergeyk A, Manoli A. Preliminary results of gastrocnemius recession in adults with nonspastic equinus contracture. Presented at the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society 18th Annual Summer Meeting. Traverse City (MI), July 13, 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B8.10134","article-title":"Limited dorsiflexion predisposes to injuries of the ankle in children","volume":"82","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900111","article-title":"Functional biomechanical deficits in running athletes with plantar fasciitis","volume":"19","author":"Kibler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-9-479","article-title":"Ankle equinus deformity and it is relationship to high plantar pressure in a large population with diabetes mellitus","volume":"92","author":"Lavery","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00011","article-title":"Lengthening of the Achilles tendon in diabetic patients who are at high risk for ulceration of the foot","volume":"81","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-83-2-96","article-title":"Tendon Achilles procedures for chronic ulcerations with transmetatarsal amputations","volume":"83","author":"Barry","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19960501-18","article-title":"Plantar forefoot ulceration with equinus deformity of the ankle in diabetic patients. The effect of tendo-Achilles lengthening and total contact casting","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00003","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic ulcers. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"85","author":"Mueller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00191-3","article-title":"Lengthening the Achilles tendon for the treatment of diabetic plantar forefoot ulceration","volume":"83","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700605","article-title":"Surgical reconstruction for the diabetic foot: a salvage approach for midfoot collapse","volume":"17","author":"Early","year":"1996","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00015","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy for the foot and ankle","volume":"349","author":"Schon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib23","unstructured":"Baudet B. The tennis leg. Presented at the International Spring Meeting of the French Foot Socities. Toulouse (France), June 9, 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib24","series-title":"Human locomtion and body form: a study of gravity and man","author":"Morton","year":"1952"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib25","unstructured":"Root ML, Orien WP, Weed JH. Forces acting upon the foot during locomotion. In: Root ML, Orien WP, Weed JH, editors. Normal and abnormal function of the foot, clinical biomechanics (Clinical Biomechanics Corporation, vol. 2). Los Angeles (CA): 1977. p. 165\u201379."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib26","first-page":"2914","article-title":"Foot deformities and relation to the length of leg muscles in Danish children aged 3-17 years","volume":"155","author":"Brodersen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199605000-00020","article-title":"Adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Treatment of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon","volume":"78","author":"Myerson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-61-11-423","article-title":"Equinus deformity as it affects the forefoot","volume":"61","author":"Subotnick","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Podiatry Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90138-0","article-title":"Walking ability of stroke patients: efficacy of tibial nerve blocking and a polypropylene ankle-foot orthosis","volume":"77","author":"Beckerman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2004.08.503","article-title":"Hyperpronation and foot pain","volume":"32","author":"Stovitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(21)01622-1","article-title":"High heeled shoes: their effect on center of mass position, posture, three-dimensional kinematics, rearfoot motion, and ground reaction forces","volume":"75","author":"Snow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078300400307","article-title":"Equinus and cerebral palsy\u2014its management","volume":"4","author":"Banks","year":"1983","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib33","first-page":"149","article-title":"Reduction of the uncrossed two-joints muscles of the leg to one-joint muscles in spastic conditions","volume":"56","author":"Silfverskiold","year":"1924","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib34","series-title":"Human walking","author":"Inman","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib35","first-page":"126","article-title":"The downside of upright","volume":"210","author":"Ackerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"National Geogr Mag"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib36","first-page":"44","article-title":"Up from the apes: remarkable new evidence is filling in the story of how we became human","volume":"154","author":"Lemonick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Time"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199903000-00004","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Beals","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00021","article-title":"Tibialis posterior tendon rupture","volume":"177","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00019-6","article-title":"Adult acquired flat foot deformity: clinical and radiographic examination","volume":"8","author":"Meehan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib40","series-title":"Surgery of the foot and ankle","first-page":"733","article-title":"Flatfoot in adults","author":"Mann","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668010-00012","article-title":"Acquired adult flat foot secondary to posterior tibial-tendon pathology","volume":"68","author":"Funk","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib42","series-title":"Functional reconstruction of the foot and ankle","first-page":"195","article-title":"Progressive symptomatic flatfoot (lateral peritalar subluxation)","author":"Hansen","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200404","article-title":"The effect of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction on hindfoot kinematics","volume":"22","author":"Niki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2003.10.007","article-title":"The effect of posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction on the plantar pressure characteristics and the kinematics of the arch and the hindfoot","volume":"19","author":"Imhauser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib45","series-title":"Skeletal trauma. 3rd edition , vol. 2","first-page":"2406","article-title":"Foot injuries","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2003"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601701204","article-title":"Nonoperative management of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Chao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00083-4","article-title":"Operative treatment of the difficult stage 2 adult acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"6","author":"Mosier-LaClair","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900103","article-title":"Effective treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with dorsiflexion night splints: a crossover prospective randomized outcome study","volume":"19","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00084-6","article-title":"Biomechanics and pathophysiology of flat foot","volume":"8","author":"Van Boerum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198902000-00022","article-title":"Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction","volume":"239","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31238-4","article-title":"Progressive talipes equinovalgus due to trauma or degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon and medial plantar ligaments","volume":"5","author":"Goldner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300022501","article-title":"Achilles tendon disorders in athletes","volume":"30","author":"Schepsis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib53","series-title":"Anatomy and human movement: structure and function","first-page":"360","article-title":"Muscles plantarflexing the ankle joint","author":"Palalastanga","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200403000-00013","article-title":"Dynamic loading of the plantar aponeurosis in walking","volume":"86","author":"Erdemier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib55","first-page":"833","article-title":"The joints of the evolving foot. Part II. The intrinsic joints","volume":"130","author":"Lewis","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib56","series-title":"Ankle foot complex. Gait analysis: normal and pathology function","author":"Perry","year":"1992"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.011","article-title":"The anatomy of the Achilles tendon","volume":"10","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib58","first-page":"491","article-title":"Vascular distribution in the Achilles tendon. An angiographic and microangiographic study","volume":"116","author":"Langergren","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199809000-00007","article-title":"Achilles tendon injuries","volume":"6","author":"Saltzman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib60","first-page":"465","article-title":"Effects of stretching the gastrocnemius muscle","volume":"30","author":"Grady","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Foot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199507000-00022","article-title":"Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch. A biomechanical evaluation","volume":"316","author":"Thordarson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199509000-00005","article-title":"Flat foot in the adult","volume":"3","author":"Pedowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446030-00001","article-title":"Phasic activity of intrinsic muscles of the foot","volume":"46","author":"Mann","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648010-00005","article-title":"An electromyographic study of the plantar flexors of the ankle in normal walking on the level","volume":"48","author":"Sutherland","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446020-00009","article-title":"Walking patterns of normal men","volume":"46","author":"Murray","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-86-5-205","article-title":"Ankle joint dorsiflexion measurement studies. A review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"Rome","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400604","article-title":"Anatomic study of the gastrocnemius-soleus junction and its relationship to the sural nerve","volume":"24","author":"Tashjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.11.024","article-title":"Biomechanical characterization and clinical implications of artificially induced toe-walking: differences between pure soleus, pure gastrocnemius, and combination of soleus and gastrocnemius contractures","volume":"39","author":"Matjacic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446020-00010","article-title":"Action of the subtalar and ankle-joint complex during stance phase of walking","volume":"46","author":"Wright","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.05.022","article-title":"The neuromuscular demands of toe walking:\u00a0a forward dynamics simulation analysis","volume":"40","author":"Neptune","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B3.7744923","article-title":"The miller procedure for mobile flat feet","volume":"77","author":"Fraser","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400915","article-title":"RE: the effect on ankle dorsiflexion of gastrocnemius recession, Pinney SJ, et\u00a0al., Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23(1):26\u20139","volume":"24","author":"Mann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib73","series-title":"Foot and ankle disorders","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Management of adult flatfoot deformity","author":"Anderson","year":"2000"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.07.001","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession: preliminary report on 18 cases","volume":"45","author":"Saxena","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199607000-00004","article-title":"Plantar fasciitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial of the tension night splint","volume":"6","author":"Batt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-90-8-385","article-title":"Manipulation method for the treatment of ankle equinus","volume":"90","author":"Dananberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00119-0","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"8","author":"Elftman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400609","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of longitudinal arch stability","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400308","article-title":"The effect of plantar fascia release on strain in the spring and long plantar ligaments","volume":"24","author":"Crary","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500409","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the gastrocnemius recession (Strayer procedure)","volume":"25","author":"Pinney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700705","article-title":"The effects of unilateral gastrocsoleus recession","volume":"27","author":"Sammarco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600503","article-title":"Evaluation of results of endoscopic gastrocnemius recession","volume":"26","author":"Trevino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.02.006","article-title":"Morbidity associated with high gastrocnemius recession: retrospective review of 126 cases","volume":"45","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"}],"container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751507000186?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751507000186?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T04:33:41Z","timestamp":1683866021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083751507000186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1083751507000186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}