{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:59:49Z","timestamp":1790539189792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["foot.theclinics.com","mdconsult.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T14:33:51Z","timestamp":1412433231000},"page":"719-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gastrocnemius Shortening and Heel Pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Solan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Carne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib1","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Plantar heel pain and fasciitis","author":"Crawford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Evid"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.07.006","article-title":"Noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"12","author":"Hennessy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.07.005","article-title":"Management of insertional tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon","volume":"12","author":"Solan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0415-8","article-title":"Treatment of midportion Achilles tendinosis: similar clinical results with US and CD-guided surgery outside the tendon and sclerosing polidocanol injections","volume":"15","author":"Alfredson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.013","article-title":"Achilles tendon disorders: etiology and epidemiology","volume":"10","author":"Jarvinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400515","article-title":"Injuries in elite orienteers","volume":"14","author":"Johansson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199418030-00004","article-title":"Achilles tendon injuries in athletes","volume":"18","author":"Kvist","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500213","article-title":"Injuries in runners","volume":"15","author":"Lysholm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.017624","article-title":"How evidence based is the management of two common sports injuries in a sports injury clinic?","volume":"39","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500505","article-title":"Volume of ambulatory care visits and patterns of care for patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis: a national study of medical doctors","volume":"25","author":"Riddle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00010-3","article-title":"Chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: an update on research and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Alfredson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.035543","article-title":"A\u00a0treatment algorithm for managing Achilles tendinopathy: new treatment options","volume":"41","author":"Alfredson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260030301","article-title":"Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis","volume":"26","author":"Alfredson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2006.67.2.20465","article-title":"Plantar fasciitis: a review","volume":"67","author":"Cullen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0418-z","article-title":"Chronic Achilles tendon pain treated with eccentric calf-muscle training","volume":"11","author":"Fahlstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0815","article-title":"The influence of foot position on stretching of the plantar fascia","volume":"28","author":"Flanigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.030916","article-title":"Eccentric overload training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Kingma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00652.x","article-title":"Eccentric rehabilitation exercise increases peritendinous type I collagen synthesis in humans with Achilles tendinosis","volume":"17","author":"Knobloch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken337","article-title":"How do eccentric exercises work in tendinopathy?","volume":"47","author":"Maffulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken011","article-title":"Conservative management for tendinopathy: is there enough scientific evidence?","volume":"47","author":"Maffulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"20\u201322","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701786427","article-title":"Eccentric calf muscle training in athletic patients with Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"30","author":"Maffulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000232","article-title":"Interventions for treating acute and chronic Achilles tendinitis","author":"McLauchlan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-36","article-title":"Effectiveness of calf muscle stretching for the short-term treatment of plantar heel pain: a randomised trial","volume":"8","author":"Radford","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"20\u201322","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701785825","article-title":"Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy\u2013current options for treatment","volume":"30","author":"Rompe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506295940","article-title":"Eccentric loading, shock-wave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of tendo Achillis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Rompe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.05.008","article-title":"Eccentric calf muscle training in non-athletic patients with Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Sayana","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2001.000284","article-title":"Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalised tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow up","volume":"38","author":"Ohberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00013","article-title":"Tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching exercise enhances outcomes in patients with chronic heel pain. A prospective, randomized study","volume":"85-A","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01281","article-title":"Plantar fascia-specific stretching exercise improves outcomes in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. A prospective clinical trial with two-year follow-up","volume":"88","author":"Digiovanni","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00010","article-title":"Isolated gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"84-A","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.005","article-title":"The role of isolated gastrocnemius and combined Achilles contractures in the flatfoot","volume":"12","author":"DiGiovanni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002100104","article-title":"The biomechanical relationship between the tendoachilles, plantar fascia and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angle","volume":"21","author":"Carlson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib33","series-title":"Bri\u00e8vet\u00e9 des gastrocn\u00e9miens. Compte rendu du symposium n\u00b03, Journ\u00e9es de Printemps SFMCP-AFCP; 2006","first-page":"22","author":"Barouk","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib34","series-title":"Resultats de la liberation Proximale des Gastrocnemiens. Etude Prospective Symposium \u00ab Brievet\u00e9 des Gastrocnemiens \u00bb, journ\u00e9es de Printemps SFMCP-AFCP","first-page":"151","author":"Barouk","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib35","series-title":"Proximal medial gastrocnemius release for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis","author":"Abassian","year":"2009"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300810","article-title":"Achilles tendinitis","volume":"13","author":"Clain","year":"1992","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70021-0","article-title":"Overuse tendon conditions: time to change a confusing terminology","volume":"14","author":"Maffulli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"7338","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7338.626","article-title":"Time to abandon the \u201ctendinitis\u201d myth","volume":"324","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.010","article-title":"Insertional Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Krishna Sayana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2006.67.2.20463","article-title":"Understanding and managing Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"67","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506291637","article-title":"Re: Recalcitrant patellar tendinosis in elite athletes: surgical treatment in conjunction with aggressive postoperative rehabilitation","volume":"34","author":"Maffulli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.012","article-title":"Molecular events in tendinopathy: a role for metalloproteases","volume":"10","author":"Magra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"316","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199507000-00021","article-title":"Chronic Achilles tendinopathy. A survey of surgical and histopathologic findings","author":"Astrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00004-8","article-title":"Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy","volume":"22","author":"Maffulli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280012501","article-title":"Chronic Achilles tendon overuse injury: complications after surgical treatment. An analysis of 432 consecutive patients","volume":"28","author":"Paavola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-001-0255-x","article-title":"Painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region: a common problem in middle-aged competitive badminton players","volume":"10","author":"Fahlstrom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib47","series-title":"Foot and ankle disorders","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Disorders of the Achilles tendon and the retrocalcaneal region","author":"Mandelbaum","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300022501","article-title":"Achilles tendon disorders in athletes","volume":"30","author":"Schepsis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600202","article-title":"Injuries to runners","volume":"6","author":"James","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib50","first-page":"393","article-title":"Orthopaedische studie \u00fcber hemiplegia spastica infantilis","volume":"84","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1924","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2005.01.006","article-title":"Imaging of the Achilles tendon","volume":"10","author":"Bleakney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601215","article-title":"The role of hamstring tightness in plantar fasciitis","volume":"26","author":"Harty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-012-1470-x","article-title":"Ultrasound scanning for recalcitrant plantar fasciopathy. Basis of a new classification","volume":"42","author":"Ieong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3260","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3260","article-title":"Ultrasound guided corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciitis: randomised controlled trial","volume":"344","author":"McMillan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.030437","article-title":"Eccentric training in Achilles tendinopathy: is it harmful to tendon microcirculation?","volume":"41","author":"Knobloch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2296","article-title":"Eccentric training decreases paratendon capillary blood flow and preserves paratendon oxygen saturation in chronic Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"37","author":"Knobloch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505278705","article-title":"Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation in midportion and insertional tendinopathy in athletes","volume":"34","author":"Knobloch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504271675","article-title":"Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the management of tennis elbow","volume":"33","author":"Rompe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200203000-00001","article-title":"Evaluation of low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave application for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis","volume":"84-A","author":"Rompe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00044-5","article-title":"\u201cExtracorporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis\u2013a double blind randomized controlled trial\u201d by C.A. Speed et\u00a0al., J Orthop Res 2002;20:895\u20138","volume":"21","author":"Rompe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00048-2","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis. A double blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Speed","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.011601","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: randomised controlled multicentre trial","volume":"38","author":"Ogden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.3.4.463","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for tendinopathies","volume":"3","author":"Seil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500503","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of plantar fasciitis","volume":"25","author":"Theodore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2005.3280","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in orthopaedic diseases","volume":"5","author":"Trebinjac","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.C.01356","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock wave therapy without local anesthesia for chronic lateral epicondylitis","volume":"87","author":"Pettrone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B2.14253","article-title":"Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in the management of chronic soft-tissue conditions","volume":"86","author":"Speed","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508324176","article-title":"Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis: results of a confirmatory randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study","volume":"36","author":"Gerdesmeyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01494","article-title":"Eccentric loading compared with shock wave treatment for chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy. A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Rompe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508326983","article-title":"Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Rompe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700108","article-title":"The effect of triceps surae contracture force on plantar foot pressure distribution","volume":"27","author":"Aronow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0005","article-title":"Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib73","first-page":"315","article-title":"Reduction of the uncrossed two-joint muscles of the leg to one joint muscles in spastic conditions","volume":"56","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1924","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib74","series-title":"Tenotmie der end schnen der mm. gastrocnemius et soleus mittels rutschenlassens nach vulpius. Orthopadishe Operationslehre","author":"Vulpius","year":"1913"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032030-00022","article-title":"Recession of the gastrocnemius; an operation to relieve spastic contracture of the calf muscles","volume":"32-A","author":"Strayer","year":"1950","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.1154","article-title":"Isolated recession of the gastrocnemius muscle: the Baumann procedure","volume":"28","author":"Herzenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500409","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the gastrocnemius recession (Strayer procedure)","volume":"25","author":"Pinney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300105","article-title":"The effect on ankle dorsiflexion of gastrocnemius recession","volume":"23","author":"Pinney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.02.006","article-title":"Morbidity associated with high gastrocnemius recession: retrospective review of 126 cases","volume":"45","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.7547\/0950464","article-title":"Equinus deformity as a factor in forefoot nerve entrapment: treatment with endoscopic gastrocnemius recession","volume":"95","author":"Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.7547\/0950410","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession for the treatment of gastrocnemius equinus","volume":"95","author":"DiDomenico","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.07.001","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession: preliminary report on 18 cases","volume":"43","author":"Saxena","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400807","article-title":"Endoscopic gastrocnemius recession: evaluation in a cadaver model","volume":"24","author":"Tashjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181558943","article-title":"Changes in the volume and length of the medial gastrocnemius after surgical recession in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"27","author":"Fry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700705","article-title":"The effects of unilateral gastrocsoleus recession","volume":"27","author":"Sammarco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710014590","article-title":"Percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening: a cadaver-based study of failure of the triple hemisection technique","volume":"78","author":"Hoefnagels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700604","article-title":"Surgical anatomy and accuracy of percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthening","volume":"27","author":"Salamon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130115","article-title":"Preserving plantar flexion strength after surgical treatment for contracture of the triceps surae: a computer simulation study","volume":"13","author":"Delp","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"Supp II","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib89","first-page":"361","article-title":"Results of proximal medial gastrocnemius release","volume":"91-B","author":"Kohls-Gatzoulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400915","article-title":"RE: The effect on ankle dorsiflexion of gastrocsoleus recession, Pinney SJ, et\u00a0al., Foot Ankle Int. 23(1):26-29, 2002","volume":"24","author":"Mann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2136-0","article-title":"Oedema and fatty degeneration of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles on MR images in patients with Achilles tendon abnormalities","volume":"21","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0019","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession to treat isolated foot pain","volume":"31","author":"Maskill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0014","article-title":"Proximal medial gastrocnemius release in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis","volume":"33","author":"Abbassian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0620","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession as treatment for refractory Achilles tendinopathy: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Gentchos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713488763","article-title":"Results of proximal medial gastrocnemius release for Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Gurdezi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751514000990?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751514000990?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T21:24:03Z","timestamp":1565904243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083751514000990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1083751514000990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gastrocnemius Shortening and Heel Pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Foot and Ankle Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.08.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}