{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:08:17Z","timestamp":1792004897781,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T22:46:42Z","timestamp":1645656402000},"page":"37-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Joint Preservation Strategies for Managing Varus Ankle Deformities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Beat","family":"Hintermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxa","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankle arthritis: report of a consecutive series of 639 patients from a tertiary orthopaedic center","volume":"25","author":"Saltzman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505281813","article-title":"Ligamentous posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0819","article-title":"Clinical outcome and gait analysis of ankle arthrodesis","volume":"33","author":"Fuentes-Sanz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0940","article-title":"Medium- to long-term outcome of ankle arthrodesis","volume":"32","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714550654","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of mobile bearing total ankle arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Jastifer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719828379","article-title":"Long-term Follow-up Results of Buechel-Pappas Ankle Arthroplasty","volume":"40","author":"Krishnapillai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S473","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0473","article-title":"STAR ankle: long-term results","volume":"32","author":"Mann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2030-2","article-title":"Supramalleolar osteotomies for degenerative joint disease of the ankle joint: indication, technique and results","volume":"37","author":"Barg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713519779","article-title":"Effect of supramalleolar osteotomy and total ankle replacement on talar position in the varus osteoarthritic ankle: a comparative study","volume":"35","author":"Colin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0542","article-title":"Supramalleolar lateral closing wedge osteotomy for the treatment of varus ankle arthrosis","volume":"28","author":"Harstall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-12-00124","article-title":"Supramalleolar Osteotomies for the Treatment of Ankle Arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Hintermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.1023","article-title":"Classification and treatment of supramalleolar deformities","volume":"32","author":"Knupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719845928","article-title":"Extraarticular Supramalleolar Osteotomy in Asymmetric Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis","volume":"40","author":"Krahenbuhl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0250","article-title":"Treatment of asymmetric arthritis of the ankle joint with supramalleolar osteotomies","volume":"33","author":"Knupp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0565","article-title":"Oblique supramalleolar opening wedge osteotomy without fibular osteotomy for varus deformity of the ankle","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0475","article-title":"Ligament reconstruction and calcaneal osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2015.09.002","article-title":"Extraarticular Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Managing Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis, Alternatives for Osteotomy: How and Why?","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715577371","article-title":"Mid- to Long-term Clinical Outcome and Gait Biomechanics After Realignment Surgery in Asymmetric Ankle Osteoarthritis","volume":"36","author":"Nuesch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318124a462","article-title":"Realignment surgery as alternative treatment of varus and valgus ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"462","author":"Pagenstert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401004","article-title":"Supramalleolar osteotomy for the treatment of distal tibial angular deformities and arthritis of the ankle joint","volume":"24","author":"Stamatis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B1.7822395","article-title":"Low tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the ankle. Results of a new operation in 18 patients","volume":"77","author":"Takakura","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B7.17325","article-title":"Low tibial osteotomy for varus-type osteoarthritis of the ankle","volume":"88","author":"Tanaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.001","article-title":"Ankle osteoarthritis: etiology, diagnostics, and classification","volume":"18","author":"Barg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102201105","article-title":"The effects of medial and lateral displacement calcaneal osteotomies on ankle and subtalar joint pressure distribution","volume":"22","author":"Davitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0609","article-title":"Effect of supramalleolar varus and valgus deformities on the tibiotalar joint: a cadaveric study","volume":"32","author":"Knupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.10.004","article-title":"Tendon transfers in cavovarus foot","volume":"19","author":"Ortiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3960-8","article-title":"Does the Subtalar Joint Compensate for Ankle Malalignment in End-stage Ankle Arthritis?","volume":"473","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3163-2","article-title":"Ankle joint pressure change in varus malalignment of the tibia","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib29","series-title":"Inman's joints of the ankle","author":"Stiehl","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197905000-00008","article-title":"Normal\" talar tilt angle","volume":"140","author":"Cox","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717712543","article-title":"Novel Double Osteotomy Technique of Distal Tibia for Correction of Asymmetric Varus Osteoarthritic Ankle","volume":"38","author":"Hintermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514530669","article-title":"Supramalleolar Osteotomy With Bone Marrow Stimulation for Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis: Clinical Results and Second-Look Arthroscopic Evaluation","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0b013e31818ee7b4","article-title":"Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Tibiotalar Varus Malalignment","volume":"8","author":"Knupp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0024","article-title":"Joint preservation surgery for correction of flexible pes cavovarus in adults","volume":"31","author":"Kroon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00249","article-title":"Indications for supramalleolar osteotomy in patients with ankle osteoarthritis and varus deformity","volume":"93","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.006","article-title":"Management of varus ankle osteoarthritis with joint- preserving osteotomy","volume":"18","author":"Myerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199802000-00008","article-title":"Results of opening-wedge osteotomy for the treatment of a post-traumatic varus deformity of the ankle","volume":"80","author":"Takakura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1457-6","article-title":"Supramalleolar osteotomy combined with lateral ligament reconstruction and talofibular immobilization for varus ankle osteoarthritis with excessive talar tilt angle","volume":"14","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713518188","article-title":"Geometry of the lateral sliding, closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy: review of the two methods and technical tip to minimize shortening","volume":"35","author":"Kraus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.1057","article-title":"Surgical management and treatment algorithm for the subtle cavovarus foot","volume":"31","author":"Maskill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2009.03.006","article-title":"Cavovarus foot reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Ortiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-014-9237-8","article-title":"Calcaneus osteotomy","volume":"7","author":"Tennant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0986","article-title":"Supramalleolar osteotomy using circular external fixation with six-axis deformity correction of the distal tibia","volume":"32","author":"Horn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01360","article-title":"A\u00a0cohort study of patients undergoing distal tibial osteotomy without fibular osteotomy for medial ankle arthritis with mortise widening","volume":"97","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640010387664","article-title":"Salvage of severe ankle varus deformity with soft tissue and bone rebalancing","volume":"4","author":"DeCarbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716649926","article-title":"Supramalleolar Osteotomy With or Without Fibular Osteotomy for Varus Ankle Arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Hongmou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B6.BJJ-2018-0932.R2","article-title":"A\u00a0flexion osteotomy for correction of a distal tibial recurvatum deformity: a retrospective case series","volume":"101-B","author":"Scheidegger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2015.09.001","article-title":"Supramalleolar Osteotomies for Posttraumatic Malalignment of the Distal Tibia","volume":"21","author":"Krause","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716679190","article-title":"The Use of Osteotomies in the Treatment of Asymmetric Ankle Joint Arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Knupp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0000000000000037","article-title":"Distal Tibia Dome Osteotomy","volume":"13","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2012.07.002","article-title":"Supramalleolar osteotomy for realignment of the ankle joint","volume":"29","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2015.09.009","article-title":"The Use of Tibial Osteotomy (Ankle Plafondplasty) for Joint Preservation of Ankle Deformity and Early Arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Al-Nammari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0255","article-title":"Intra-articular opening medial tibial wedge osteotomy (plafond-plasty) for the treatment of intra-articular varus ankle arthritis and instability","volume":"33","author":"Mann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000243","article-title":"Low tibial osteotomy for moderate ankle arthritis","volume":"121","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01327","article-title":"Weight-bearing- line analysis in supramalleolar osteotomy for varus-type osteoarthritis of the ankle","volume":"97","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2013.06.010","article-title":"Joint-preserving surgery of asymmetric ankle osteoarthritis with peritalar instability","volume":"18","author":"Hintermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i20.3208","article-title":"Soft tissue release combined with joint-sparing osteotomy for treatment of cavovarus foot deformity in older children: Analysis of 21 cases","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.N.00005","article-title":"Surgical Treatment of Severe Cavovarus Foot Deformity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease","volume":"5","author":"Dreher","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib59","series-title":"Foot and ankle instability","author":"Hintermann","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0b013e3181b37c61","article-title":"Peroneus Longus to Peroneus Brevis Tendon Transfer","volume":"8","author":"Kilger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712460216","article-title":"Cavovarus foot realignment to treat anteromedial ankle arthrosis","volume":"34","author":"Krause","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0258","article-title":"Tibial nerve palsy associated with lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy: case reviews and technical tip","volume":"30","author":"Krause","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"323","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199602000-00035","article-title":"Split posterior tibial tendon transfer for varus deformity of hindfoot","author":"Kagaya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0b013e318","article-title":"A\u00a0New Z-Shaped Calcaneal Osteotomy for 3-Plane Correction of Severe Varus Deformity of the Hindfoot","volume":"7","author":"Knupp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.41B1.80","article-title":"Osteotomy of the calcaneum for pes cavus","volume":"41-B","author":"Dwyer","year":"1959","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716673416","article-title":"Mid- to Long-term Results of Supramalleolar Osteotomy","volume":"38","author":"Krahenbuhl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.06.011","article-title":"Treatment of Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis and Instability With a Novel Mortise-Plasty Osteotomy Procedure","volume":"55","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2012.08.003","article-title":"The concept of ankle joint preserving surgery: why does supramalleolar osteotomy work and how to decide when to do an osteotomy or joint replacement","volume":"17","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B9.25759","article-title":"The role of the fibula in varus and valgus deformity of the tibia: a biomechanical study","volume":"93","author":"Stufkens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.08.003","article-title":"Effect of Combined Fibular Osteotomy on the Pressure of the Tibiotalar and Talofibular Joints in Supramalleolar Osteotomy of the Ankle: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"56","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600911","article-title":"The hindfoot alignment view","volume":"16","author":"Saltzman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801900303","article-title":"Effect of medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy on ankle kinematics in a cadaver model","volume":"19","author":"Michelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140619","article-title":"Effects of medial and lateral displacement calcaneal osteotomies on tibiotalar joint contact stresses","volume":"14","author":"Steffensmeier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0741","article-title":"Ankle joint pressure changes in a pes cavovarus model after lateralizing calcaneal osteotomies","volume":"31","author":"Krause","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713500473","article-title":"Ankle joint pressure changes in a pes cavovarus model: supramalleolar valgus osteotomy versus lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy","volume":"34","author":"Schmid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0450","article-title":"Peritalar instability","volume":"33","author":"Hintermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0018","article-title":"Hindfoot instability in cavovarus deformity: static and dynamic balancing","volume":"28","author":"Vienne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200509000-00004","article-title":"Adult cavovarus foot","volume":"13","author":"Younger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04443-6","article-title":"Modified split tendon transfer of posterior tibialis muscle in the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot deformity: long-term results and comparison with the standard procedure","volume":"44","author":"Aleksic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2019.02.005","article-title":"Total replacement of varus ankle: three-component prosthesis design","volume":"24","author":"Hintermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0244","article-title":"Preoperative planning and surgical technique: how do I balance my ankle?","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.M.00043","article-title":"Surgical technique for total ankle arthroplasty in ankles with preoperative coronal plane varus deformity of 10 degrees or greater","volume":"3","author":"Daniels","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.037","article-title":"Tibialis posterior recession for balancing varus ankle contracture during total ankle replacement","volume":"52","author":"Roukis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2015.06.017","article-title":"Use of soft-tissue procedures for managing varus and valgus malalignment with total ankle replacement","volume":"32","author":"Roukis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"}],"container-title":["Foot and Ankle Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751521001443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083751521001443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:52:52Z","timestamp":1761054772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083751521001443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1083751521001443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7515"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7515","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Joint Preservation Strategies for Managing Varus Ankle Deformities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Foot and Ankle Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcl.2021.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}