{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:21:34Z","timestamp":1761016894896,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T12:29:21Z","timestamp":1311337761000},"page":"2638-2644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Contact sensitizing potential of annatto extract and its two primary color components, cis-bixin and norbixin, in female BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Wimolnut","family":"Auttachoat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dori R.","family":"Germolec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Kimber L.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tai L.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/15476910802604291","article-title":"Evaluation of irritancy and sensitization potential of metalworking fluid mixtures and components","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0010","first-page":"492","article-title":"Integration of primary irritation with the LLNA","volume":"72","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Toxicologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(01)00363-6","article-title":"Influence of norbixin on plasma cholesterol-associated lipoproteins, plasma arylesterase\/paraoxonase activity and hepatic lipid peroxidation of Swiss mice on a high fat diet","volume":"77","author":"Andressa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00158-0","article-title":"Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive skin sensitization tests","volume":"36","author":"Basketter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(92)90186-N","article-title":"Classification of chemicals as sensitizers based on new test methods","volume":"64\u201365","author":"Botham","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050367","article-title":"Nitric oxide and its implication in skin homeostasis and disease a review","volume":"290","author":"Bruch-Gerharz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0035","first-page":"23","article-title":"The role of annatto in food colouring","volume":"23","author":"Collins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food. Ingredient. Process. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02102.x","article-title":"Allergy for cheese: evidence for an IgE-mediated reaction from the natural dye annatto","volume":"64","author":"Ebo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0045","first-page":"181","article-title":"Annatto: a natural choice","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00770.x","article-title":"Adverse reactions to food additives in children with atopic symptoms","volume":"49","author":"Fuglsang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(86)90419-9","article-title":"Development and validation of an alternative dermal sensitization test: the mouse ear swelling test (MEST)","volume":"84","author":"Gad","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.08.018","article-title":"Local lymph node assay (LLNA): comparison of different protocols by testing skin-sensitizing epoxy resin system components","volume":"52","author":"Gamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90183-I","article-title":"Examination of the local lymph node assay for use in contact sensitization risk assessment","volume":"19","author":"Gerberick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/68.2.420","article-title":"Use of a B cell marker (B220) to discriminate between allergens and Irritants in the Local Lymph Node Assay","volume":"68","author":"Gerberick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(95)00010-Y","article-title":"The safety and regulatory status of food, drug and cosmetics color additives exempt from certification","volume":"33","author":"Harllagan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(94)90170-8","article-title":"Contact urticaria and its mechanisms","volume":"32","author":"Harvell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(81)90002-6","article-title":"Evaluation of the genotoxicity of some natural food colors using bacterial assays","volume":"91","author":"Havenland-Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0090","unstructured":"Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM). (1999). The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: a test method for assessing the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemical\/compounds. NIH Pub No. 99-4494."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0095","first-page":"22","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. Twenty-sixth report of the Joints FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on food additives","volume":"17","year":"1982","journal-title":"WHO Food Additives Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0100","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive (JECFA) (2003) Summary of evaluation in annatto extract (alkali-processed norbixin) performed by the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. TRS 922-JECFA 61\/11. Online <http:\/\/www.inchem.org\/documents\/jecfa\/jeceval\/jec_129.htm>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0105","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 2007. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. World Health Organ Tech. Rep. Ser. 940, 1\u201392, 1 (p. following 94)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb15306.x","article-title":"Recurrent urticaria: clinical investigation of 330 patients","volume":"104","author":"Juhlin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0115","first-page":"94","article-title":"Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic potential of an annatto pigment (norbixin) against oxidative stress","volume":"4","author":"J\u00fanior","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.09-RAI-0160","article-title":"The inflammasome, an innate immunity guardian, participates in skin urticarial reactions and contact hypersensitivity","volume":"59","author":"Kambe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0125","first-page":"6","article-title":"Dermal exposure to cinnamaldehyde alters lymphocyte subpopulations, number of interferon-\u03b3-producing cells, and expression of B7 costimolatory molecules and cytokine messenger RNAs in auricular lymph nodes of B6C3F1 mice","volume":"12","author":"Karrow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03198.x","article-title":"The murine local lymph node assay for identification of contact allergens: a preliminary evaluation of in situ measurement of lymphocyte proliferation","volume":"21","author":"Kimber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(91)90135-S","article-title":"The murine local lymph node assay: results of an inter-laboratory trial","volume":"55","author":"Kimber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(01)43005-1","article-title":"The role of natural color additives in food allergy","volume":"43","author":"Lucas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/48.2.206","article-title":"Development of flow cytometry assay for the identification and differentiation of chemicals with the potential to elicit irritant, Ig-E-mediated, or T cell-mediated hypersensitivity responses","volume":"48","author":"Manetz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1976.tb03069.x","article-title":"Effect of vehicles and elicitation concentration in contact dermatitis testing","volume":"2","author":"Marzulli","year":"1976","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(95)00784-9","article-title":"Isolation of methyl 9\u2032Zapo-6\u2032lycopenoate from Bixa Orellana","volume":"41","author":"Mercadante","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0160","unstructured":"Midwest Research Institute, 2005a. Evaluation of the Feasibility of Converting Bixin to Norbixin. NIEHS Contract No. N01-ES-05457; ETP Task No. CHEM07587; MRI Project No. 110100; MRI Task No. 684."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0165","unstructured":"Midwest Research Institute, 2005b. Solvent Purification and Isolation of a High Purity Bixin Sample for Use as a Reference Standard. Chemistry Support Services for the ETP; Contract No. HHSN-291-2005-55552; ADB Contract No.: N01-ES-55552; MRI Project No.: 110444; ETP ChemTask No.: CHEM08202; MRI Task No.: 1023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikkelsen, H., Larsen, J.C., Tarding, F. (1978). Hypersensitivity reactions to food colours with special reference to the natural colour annatto extract (butter colour). Arch. Toxicol. (Suppl. 1), 141\u2013143.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66896-8_16"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555744550","article-title":"Experience with the murine local lymph node assay: inability to discriminate between allergens and irritants","volume":"74","author":"Montelius","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stockh.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0180","first-page":"129","article-title":"Anaphylaxis to annatto dye: a case report","volume":"66","author":"Nish","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00133-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of annatto in the rat","volume":"40","author":"Paumgartten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(80)90063-1","article-title":"Extraction and chemistry of annatto","volume":"5","author":"Preston","year":"1980","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/10.1.61","article-title":"Involvement of NO in contact hypersensitivity","volume":"10","author":"Ross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9901845","article-title":"Analysis of annatto (Bixa orellana) food coloring formulations. 2. Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon thermal degradation products by gas chromatography","volume":"48","author":"Scotter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1996.0172","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph nodes draining the ear following exposure to contact allergens and irritants","volume":"34","author":"Sikorski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0822","article-title":"Antioxidant action of bixin against cisplatin-induced chromosome aberrations and lipid peroxidation in rats","volume":"43","author":"Silva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0215","unstructured":"The Raintree Group (1997) Annatto <http:\/\/rain-tree.com\/annato.htm>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0220","unstructured":"Winter, R. (2009). BIX ORELLANA. A Consumer\u2019s Dictionary of Food Additives, 7th ed., Crown Publishing Group, p. 110."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/105172398242835","article-title":"A combined murine local lymph node and irritancy assay to predict sensitization and irritancy potential of chemicals","volume":"8","author":"Woolhiser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(98)00013-0","article-title":"Effect of carotenoids on the respiratory burst of rat peritoneal macrophages","volume":"1381","author":"Zhao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. et Biophys. Acta."}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691511003322?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691511003322?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T21:01:06Z","timestamp":1759525266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691511003322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278691511003322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0278-6915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contact sensitizing potential of annatto extract and its two primary color components, cis-bixin and norbixin, in female BALB\/c mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2011.07.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}