{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:56:33Z","timestamp":1773424593494,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T13:46:37Z","timestamp":1413467197000},"page":"301-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Use of urinary renal biomarkers to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of melamine or cyanuric acid in non-pregnant and pregnant rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"O.J.","family":"Bandele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.B.","family":"Stine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Olejnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Keltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.R.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.C.","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Reimschuessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.L.","family":"Sprando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6683","article-title":"Identification of putative gene based markers of renal toxicity","volume":"112","author":"Amin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39739","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200562200","article-title":"Shedding of kidney injury molecule-1, a putative adhesion protein involved in renal regeneration","volume":"277","author":"Bailly","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.09.022","article-title":"Performance of urinary and gene expression biomarkers in detecting the nephrotoxic effects of melamine and cyanuric acid following diverse scenarios of co-exposure","volume":"51","author":"Bandele","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000067652.51441.21","article-title":"Dedifferentiation and proliferation of surviving epithelial cells in acute renal failure","volume":"14","author":"Bonventre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp010","article-title":"Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1): a urinary biomarker and much more","volume":"24","author":"Bonventre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0510-436","article-title":"Next-generation biomarkers for detecting kidney toxicity","volume":"28","author":"Bonventre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.03.046","article-title":"Gestational and lactational transfer of melamine following gavage administration of a single dose to rats","volume":"49","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0045","first-page":"342","article-title":"Toxicity of melamine: the public health concern","volume":"31","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.10.004","article-title":"Distribution of melamine in rat foetuses and neonates","volume":"199","author":"Chu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V9133","article-title":"Induction of clusterin in tubules of nephrotic rats","volume":"9","author":"Correa-Rotter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.15.8262332","article-title":"Osteopontin: a protein with diverse functions","volume":"7","author":"Denhardt","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1622","article-title":"Urinary clusterin, cystatin C, beta 2-microglobulin and total protein as markers to detect drug-induced kidney injury","volume":"28","author":"Dieterle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn160","article-title":"Identification and characterization of toxicity of contaminants in pet food leading to an outbreak of renal toxicity in cats and dogs","volume":"106","author":"Dobson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.012","article-title":"Recent advances in the risk assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed","volume":"270","author":"Dorne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30459-1","article-title":"Assessment of renal function \u2013 glomerular and tubular","volume":"13","author":"Duarte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.54","article-title":"Clusterin expression and apoptosis in tissue remodeling associated with renal regeneration","volume":"47","author":"Gobe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900949","article-title":"The melamine incident: implications for international food and feed safety","volume":"117","author":"Gossner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809550","article-title":"Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis in young children","volume":"360","author":"Guan","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr013","article-title":"Assessment of biomarkers of drug-induced kidney injury in cynomolgus monkeys treated with a triple reuptake inhibitor","volume":"120","author":"Guha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.08-VP-0317-F-FL","article-title":"Re-evaluation of kidney histopathology from 13-week toxicity and two-year carcinogenicity studies of melamine in the F344 rat: morphologic evidence of retrograde nephropathy","volume":"46","author":"Hard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfr112","article-title":"Biological qualification of biomarkers of chemical-induced renal toxicity in two strains of male rat","volume":"122","author":"Harpur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2300(85)90044-3","article-title":"The induction of bladder stones by terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, and melamine (2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine) and its relevance to risk assessment","volume":"5","author":"Heck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0629-5","article-title":"Urinary clusterin levels in the rat correlate with the severity of tubular damage and may help to differentiate between glomerular and tubular injuries","volume":"310","author":"Hidaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F552","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00285.2002","article-title":"Kidney injury molecule-1: a tissue and urinary biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury","volume":"286","author":"Ichimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34487","article-title":"Kidney injury molecule-1 is a phosphatidylserine receptor that confers a phagocytic phenotype on epithelial cells","volume":"118","author":"Ichimura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701230320","article-title":"Molecular pathological evaluation of clusterin in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction as a possible biomarker of nephrotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Ishii","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.03.043","article-title":"Placental transfer of melamine and its effects on rat dams and fetuses","volume":"48","author":"Jingbin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1703","article-title":"Effects of melamine on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development in rats","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)08543-X","article-title":"The mode of action of three new diuretics: melamine, adenine and formoguanamine","volume":"83","author":"Lipschitz","year":"1945","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00745.x","article-title":"Quantitative studies of human urinary excretion of uropontin","volume":"53","author":"Min","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.11.2773","article-title":"Urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by melamine in F344 male rats: correlation between carcinogenicity and urolith formation","volume":"16","author":"Ogasawara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00580.x","article-title":"Obstructive uropathy in the mouse: role of osteopontin in interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis","volume":"56","author":"Ophascharoensuk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1627","article-title":"A panel of urinary biomarkers to monitor reversibility of renal injury and a serum marker with improved potential to assess renal function","volume":"28","author":"Ozer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr577","article-title":"Effects of water uptake on melamine renal stone formation in mice","volume":"27","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870701900602","article-title":"Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats","volume":"19","author":"Puschner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.07.024","article-title":"Renal crystal formation after combined or sequential oral administration of melamine and cyanuric acid","volume":"48","author":"Reimschuessel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0190","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clusterin and the kidney","volume":"3","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/1357-2725(95)00027-M","article-title":"Clusterin: physiologic and pathophysiologic considerations","volume":"27","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.463","article-title":"Comparative profile of commercially available urinary biomarkers in preclinical drug-induced kidney injury and recovery in rats","volume":"79","author":"Rouse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0205","series-title":"Casarett and Doull's Toxicology \u2013 The Basic Science of Poisons","first-page":"583","article-title":"Toxic responses to the kidney","author":"Schnellmann","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3011.1999.00145.x","article-title":"Identification of clusterin sequences mediating renal tubular cell interactions","volume":"54","author":"Silkensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pept. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.07.051","article-title":"Timing and route of exposure affects crystal formation in melamine and cyanuric exposed male and female rats: gavage vs. feeding","volume":"50","author":"Sprando","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.02.029","article-title":"Reproductive toxicity in rats with crystal nephropathy following high doses of oral melamine or cyanuric acid","volume":"68","author":"Stine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0225","series-title":"Chronic Feeding: Dogs","author":"Tusing","year":"1953"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0230","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2008.00053.x","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers for sensitive and specific detection of acute kidney injury in humans","volume":"1","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.96","article-title":"A rapid urine test for early detection of kidney injury","volume":"76","author":"Vaidya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.4.712","article-title":"Renal osteopontin protein and mRNA upregulation during acute nephrotoxicity in the rat","volume":"16","author":"Verstrepen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623313492044","article-title":"Tissue expression and correlation of a panel of urinary biomarkers following cisplatin-induced kidney injury","volume":"42","author":"Wadey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111124","article-title":"Imperfect gold standards for kidney injury biomarker evaluation","volume":"23","author":"Waikar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.12.031","article-title":"Validation of putative genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"246","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(95)06068-O","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity of xenobiotics","volume":"237","author":"Werner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000040593.93815.9D","article-title":"Osteopontin is a critical inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal formation and retention in renal tubules","volume":"14","author":"Wesson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0275","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.059003959.x","article-title":"Expression of osteopontin in gentamicin-induced acute tubular necrosis and its recovery process","volume":"59","author":"Xie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00032.x","article-title":"Expression, roles, receptors, and regulation of osteopontin in the kidney","volume":"60","author":"Xie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs182","article-title":"Urinary biomarker detection of melamine- and cyanuric acid-induced kidney injury in rats","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm260","article-title":"Comparison of kidney injury molecule-1 and other nephrotoxicity biomarkers in urine and kidney following acute exposure to gentamicin, mercury, and chromium","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci"}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691514004359?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691514004359?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T21:26:25Z","timestamp":1759526785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691514004359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0278691514004359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of urinary renal biomarkers to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of melamine or cyanuric acid in non-pregnant and pregnant rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2014.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}