{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:23:14Z","timestamp":1790630594640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T16:57:41Z","timestamp":1541782661000},"page":"363-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Hammad","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thet Thet","family":"Htar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurziana Sharmilla","family":"Nawawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irshad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nafees","family":"Ahemad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.59968","article-title":"Anticancer and antiradical scavenging activity of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae)","volume":"6","author":"Adebayo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phcog. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.06.003","article-title":"Compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Helichrysum (Asteraceae) species collected from Turkey","volume":"119","author":"Albayrak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001","article-title":"Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review","volume":"33","author":"Atanasov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3109\/14756360903179385","article-title":"Urease inhibitors from Hypericum oblongifolium WALL","volume":"25","author":"Arfan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/340215","article-title":"Bidens pilosa L.(Asteraceae): botanical properties, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology","author":"Bartolome","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/24.2.208","article-title":"P-Nitrophenol-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate for measurement of maltase activity in human semen","volume":"24","author":"Chapdelaine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.01.091","article-title":"Assessment of in vitro antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic composition of selected medicinal herbs from Leguminosae family in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"116","author":"Chew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.08.010","article-title":"Metabolite profiling and chemopreventive bioactivity of plant extracts from Bidens pilosa","volume":"95","author":"Chiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062533","article-title":"Antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of Vernonia amygdalina and Garcinia biflavonoid","volume":"8","author":"Farombi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7788.76790","article-title":"Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.: a phytopharmacological review","volume":"1","author":"Galani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Ayurveda Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib12","series-title":"Hatfield's Herbal: the Curious Stories of Britain's Wild Plants. Penguin UK","author":"Hatfield","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2012.727395","article-title":"Terpenoids: natural products for cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.125727","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of different extracts of arial parts of Ziziphus spina-christi on Hela and MDA-MB-468 tumor cells","volume":"3","author":"Jafarian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1021\/jf990146l","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds","volume":"47","author":"Kahkonen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1405997","article-title":"Flavonoids, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Evax pygmaea","volume":"55","author":"Khalfallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.611","article-title":"Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods","volume":"13","author":"Koleva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2010.04.008","article-title":"A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species","volume":"89","author":"Krishnaiah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51629","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA08415J","article-title":"Metabolite profiling of the leaf extract reveals the antioxidant and nutraceuticals potential of the halophyte Salvadora persica","volume":"6","author":"Kumari","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib20","first-page":"83","article-title":"Traditionally used Lathyrus species: phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory properties, cytotoxic effects, and in silico studies of L. czeczottianus and L. nissolia","volume":"8","author":"Llorent-Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Parmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phcgj.2012.09.001","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of Anagallis arvensis and Anagallis foemina in neuronal and colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines","volume":"5","author":"Lopez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phcog. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib22","first-page":"943","article-title":"Urease inhibitory activities of some commonly consumed herbal medicines","volume":"14","author":"Mahernia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res. (IJPR)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.09.002","article-title":"Chemical, biological and molecular modelling analyses to probe into the pharmacological potential of Antidesma madagascariense Lam.: a multifunctional agent for developing novel therapeutic formulations","volume":"161","author":"Mahomoodally","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.06.004","article-title":"Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents","volume":"81","author":"Man","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2014.1003212","article-title":"Tacrine\u2013propargylamine derivatives with improved acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and lower hepatotoxicity as a potential lead compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1243535","article-title":"Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji (L. barbarum L.) leaves: phytochemical characterization, biological profile, and computational studies","volume":"32","author":"Mocan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1222585","article-title":"Enzymatic assays and molecular modeling studies of Schisandra chinensis lignans and phenolics from fruit and leaf extracts","volume":"31","author":"Mocan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/625961","article-title":"In vitro assessment of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti inflammatory activities of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) leaf extracts","author":"Nemudzivhadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.08.007","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of selected plant species; potential new sources of natural antioxidants","volume":"48","author":"Niciforovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2015.02.001","article-title":"Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of various extracts of leaves from Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn","volume":"4","author":"Pavithra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Science and Human Wellness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1999.4019","article-title":"Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E","volume":"269","author":"Prieto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406413666170307163929","article-title":"In vitro and in silico studies of mangiferin from Aphloia theiformis on key enzymes linked to diabetes type 2 and associated complications","volume":"13","author":"Picot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.02.031","article-title":"Multiple pharmacological targets, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical profile of Aphloia theiformis (Vahl.) Benn","volume":"89","author":"Picot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2015: the global impact of dementia: an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends","author":"Prince","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Disease International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360210000010923","article-title":"Tyrosinase inhibition: general and applied aspects","volume":"17","author":"Rescigno","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-221","article-title":"Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L","volume":"12","author":"Saeed","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8103-5","article-title":"Terpenoids: natural inhibitors of NF-\u03baB signaling with anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential","volume":"65","author":"Salminen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.10.016","article-title":"Phlomis armeniaca: phenolic compounds, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities","volume":"78","author":"Sarikurkcu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.06.018","article-title":"Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects\u2013A review","volume":"18","author":"Shahidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Functl Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2012.12.005","article-title":"Free radical scavenging activity from different extracts of leaves of Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn","volume":"20","author":"Sowndhararajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.05.037","article-title":"Neuropharmacological profile of Eclipta alba (Linn.) hassk","volume":"102","author":"Thakur","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00007","article-title":"Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and in Vivo anti-inflammatory activity of traditionally used Romanian Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth.(\u201cNobleman's Beard\u201d\u2013Barba Imparatului)","volume":"9","author":"Toiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.01.001","article-title":"Insight into the biological properties and phytochemical composition of Ballota macrodonta Boiss. et Balansa,\u2014an endemic medicinal plant from Turkey","volume":"113","author":"Uysal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13952","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ03497K","article-title":"A comparative in vitro and in silico study of the biological potential and chemical fingerprints of Dorcycinum pentapyllum subsp. haussknechtii using three extraction procedures","volume":"41","author":"Uysal","year":"2017","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21060807","article-title":"Natural products to counteract the epidemic of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders","volume":"21","author":"Waltenberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60252a045","article-title":"Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia","volume":"39","author":"Weatherburn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101326","article-title":"Saponins from Chinese medicines as anticancer agents","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2018.03.010","article-title":"Functional constituents of six wild edible Silene species: a focus on their phytochemical profiles and bioactive properties","volume":"23","author":"Zengin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691518308184?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691518308184?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:47:17Z","timestamp":1788482837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691518308184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0278691518308184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}