{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:26:00Z","timestamp":1787505960512,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82304655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016067","name":"Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015401","name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SF-YBXM-493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SF-YBXM-493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:12:15Z","timestamp":1769184735000},"page":"115975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in traditional Chinese medicinal materials and their decoctions: Integrating dissolution characteristic with Monte Carlo simulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5047-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanjun","family":"Nan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangde","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.08.005","article-title":"Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines","volume":"108","author":"Bolan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.124","article-title":"Speciation and bioavailability of lead in complementary medicines","volume":"539","author":"Bolan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib3","series-title":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee. Chinese Pharmacopoeia","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111311","article-title":"Metals in traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMM): a systematic review","volume":"207","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112336","article-title":"Impacts of heavy metals and medicinal crops on ecological systems, environmental pollution, cultivation, and production processes in China","volume":"219","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.215","article-title":"Metal concentrations in traditional and herbal teas and their potential risks to human health","volume":"633","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/973878","article-title":"Determination of heavy metals concentration in traditional herbs commonly consumed in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"2015","author":"Dghaim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2024.103201","article-title":"Fermented beverages of natural herbs: Cymbopogon citratus, Zingiber officinale, Moringa oleifera, Mentha, and Curcuma longa","volume":"58","author":"Don","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.10.008","article-title":"Determination of toxic metals by ICP-MS in Asiatic and European medicinal plants and dietary supplements","volume":"30","author":"Filipiak-Szok","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00381","article-title":"Innovating Chinese herbal medicine: from traditional health practice to scientific drug discovery","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155096","article-title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metals in urban farmland soils of a typical oasis city in northwest China","volume":"833","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib13","series-title":"Quantitative Risk Assessment for Environmental and Occupational Health","author":"Hallenbeck","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib14","article-title":"Priority planting area planning for cash crops under heavy metal pollution and climate change: a case study of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114961","article-title":"Current status, spatial features, health risks, and potential driving factors of soil heavy metal pollution in China at province level","volume":"266","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tfae142","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae142","article-title":"Heavy metals and probabilistic risk assessment via Prunella vulgaris (food and medicine homology) consumption in Guangdong Province, China","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-023-01611-x","article-title":"Monte Carlo-based probabilistic risk assessment for cement workers exposed to heavy metals in cement dust","volume":"45","author":"Jafari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8523","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148523","article-title":"Monitoring of heavy metals and pesticide residues of herbal decoctions in traditional Korean medicine clinics in Korea","volume":"19","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02788-x","article-title":"Research on transfer rate of heavy metals and harmful elements in traditional Chinese medicine extraction and refining processes and product health risk assessment","volume":"200","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib20","first-page":"661","article-title":"Difference of copper,lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in the single decoction and combined decoction of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction","volume":"30","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070663","article-title":"Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from witwatersrand gold mining basin, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Kamunda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.056","article-title":"Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China","volume":"152","author":"Khan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-015-0098-8","article-title":"Transfer rates of toxic metals during decoction preparation from hebal medicines and safety evaluation of the final decoction products","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib24","first-page":"5042","article-title":"Establishment of health risk assessment model for assessing medicinal and edible plants contaminated by heavy metals-take Astragali Radix, Codonopsis Radix and Laminariae Thallus as examples","volume":"44","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib25","first-page":"2994","article-title":"Testing and analysis of inorganic elements in 466 traditional Chinese medicines materials","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.701","article-title":"Multielements determination and metal transfer investigation in herb medicine Bupleuri Radix by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib27","first-page":"18","article-title":"Study on the composition of single decoction and combination decoction of Baihu decoction granule","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Evaluat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-22647-z","article-title":"Assessment of heavy metals contamination and human health risk assessment of the commonly consumed medicinal herbs in China","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.595335","article-title":"Heavy metal contaminations in herbal medicines: determination, comprehensive risk assessments, and solutions","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2013.07.002","article-title":"Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore. Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"Mahmood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-013-0488-5","article-title":"Enhanced clean-up of lead-contaminated alluvial soil through Chrysanthemum indicum L","volume":"12","author":"Mani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14105","article-title":"Poly traditional Chinese medicine formulation prepared with skin moisturizing properties","volume":"33","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2020.10.006","article-title":"Herbal supplements for common women's health issues","volume":"56","author":"Morehead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02364-9","article-title":"Uptake and distribution characteristic and health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in Platycodon Grandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC. with growth from a medicinal herb garden of Xi\u2019an, China","volume":"199","author":"Nan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07558-w","article-title":"Fractionation analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in six traditional Chinese medicines","volume":"27","author":"Nan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.04.001","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination in South African medicinal plants: a cause for concern","volume":"93","author":"Okem","year":"2014","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0513-1","article-title":"A review of heavy metal pollution levels and health risk assessment of urban soils in Chinese cities","volume":"25","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib38","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Preliminary research on cadmium absorption and accumulation in Ligusticum Wallichii","volume":"51","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00091-7","article-title":"Biochemical responses of Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive mung bean cultivars grown on varying levels of chromium","volume":"47","author":"Samantary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.034","article-title":"Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the vegetable bases of northwest China","volume":"642","author":"Sawut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.04.006","article-title":"Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance of energy grass (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1) grown in hydroponic culture","volume":"68","author":"Sipos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12803","article-title":"Systematic review of traditional Chinese medicine for geriatrics","volume":"17","author":"Takayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib43","first-page":"181","article-title":"Determination of five heavy metals and as in medicinal materials of traditional Chinese medicine formulas and their decoctions","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib44","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final Report)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib47","article-title":"Medicine and food homology substances: a review of bioactive ingredients, pharmacological effects and applications","volume":"463","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X18500507","article-title":"Application of traditional Chinese medicines as personalized therapy in human cancers","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113249","article-title":"Research progress on classical traditional Chinese medicine Taohong Siwu decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease","volume":"152","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.09.044","article-title":"Health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Tianjin, China via consumption of vegetables and fish","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib51","first-page":"365","article-title":"Determination of heavy metals in Ganggui Buxue decoction by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nanchang Univ. (Nat. Sci.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.388","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution and potential health risks of commercially available Chinese herbal medicines","volume":"653","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib54","series-title":"WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib55","first-page":"622","article-title":"Trace heavy metals and harmful elements in roots and rhizomes of herbs: screening level analysis and health risk assessment","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114395","article-title":"MRTCM: a comprehensive dataset for probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"249","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.803592","article-title":"Heavy metals and probabilistic risk assessment via Pheretima (a traditional Chinese medicine) consumption in China","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139499","article-title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metal (loid)s in lotus root from main production regions of China to propose daily intake limits","volume":"497","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010133","article-title":"Accumulation of heavy metals in tea leaves and potential health risk assessment: a case study from puan county, Guizhou province, China","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.08.122","article-title":"Multi-elements determination in medical and edible Alpinia oxyphylla and Morinda officinalis and their decoctions by ICP-MS","volume":"164","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib61","first-page":"165","article-title":"Research progress in bioaccessibility and transfer rates of heavy metals in TCM","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Inf. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.908986","article-title":"Novel integrated tiered cumulative risk assessment of heavy metals in food homologous traditional Chinese medicine based on a real-life-exposure scenario","volume":"13","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00771-3","article-title":"Technical guidelines for risk assessment of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines","volume":"18","author":"Zuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104987","article-title":"Innovative health risk assessment of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicines based on extensive data","volume":"159","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08769-2","article-title":"Innovative health risk assessments of heavy metals based on bioaccessibility due to the consumption of traditional animal medicines","volume":"27","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975_bib66","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Research of transfer rates of heavy metals and harmful elements in tradition Chinese medicines before and after extraction and tiered risk assessment","volume":"37","author":"Zuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm. Anal."}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526000499?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526000499?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:45:53Z","timestamp":1776134753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691526000499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0278691526000499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in traditional Chinese medicinal materials and their decoctions: Integrating dissolution characteristic with Monte Carlo simulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.115975","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115975"}}