{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:05:35Z","timestamp":1789607135432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:35:59Z","timestamp":1787614559000},"page":"116350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Deciphering gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity: Pathophysiological insights and emerging protective approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Ehab E.","family":"Sharata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reham H.","family":"Mohyeldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abdelnaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remon Roshdy","family":"Rofaeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119387","article-title":"Xanthenone, ACE2 activator, counteracted gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: impact on oxidative stress and ACE2\/Ang-(1\u20137) signaling","volume":"275","author":"Abdel-Fattah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1999.0494","article-title":"Protective effects of vitamin E and probucol against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"40","author":"Abdel-Naim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib4","first-page":"95","article-title":"Hepatic and renal tissue damage induced by gentamicin in rats: roles of lipid peroxidation and free radicals","volume":"99","author":"Abdel-Naim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.61","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"32","author":"Abdel-Raheem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insights into regulated cell death pathways in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: molecular mechanisms and future perspectives","author":"Abdelmawgood","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.70219","article-title":"Indicaxanthin mitigates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats via Bax\/Bcl\u20102 modulation: experimental evidence supported by molecular docking and dynamics simulation","volume":"359","author":"Abdelnaser","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmazie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116689716","article-title":"Protective effect of apocynin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"37","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108863","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of celecoxib against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through suppressing NF\u03baB and caspase-3 signaling pathways in rats","volume":"315","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06355-5","article-title":"Vincamine induces cytoprotective autophagy via regulation of ampk\/mtor signaling pathway in gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"15","author":"Abouelhamd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03449-1","article-title":"Galangin prevents gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis in rats","volume":"398","author":"Abukhalil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60098-2","article-title":"Modulatory effects of dietary inclusion of garlic (Allium sativum) on gentamycin\u2013induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats","volume":"3","author":"Ademiluyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2016.1165120","article-title":"Ameliorative effect of berberine against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"Adil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4324-2020200131","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of gallic acid against gentamicin nephrotoxicity through amelioration of oxidative stress in rats","volume":"63","author":"Ahmadvand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03380-5","article-title":"Clopidogrel protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through targeting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and coagulation pathways","volume":"398","author":"Akila","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn-schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043661802001251","article-title":"Protective effects of oral arabic gum administration on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"46","author":"Al-Majed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib17","first-page":"363","article-title":"Gentamicin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in hepatocytes of rats","volume":"19","author":"Alarifi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062741","article-title":"Parthenolide phytosomes attenuated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via activation of Sirt-1, Nrf2, OH-1, and NQO1 axis","volume":"28","author":"Albalawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120017439","article-title":"The effect of treatment with gum Arabic on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study","volume":"25","author":"Ali","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2005.00343.x","article-title":"Curcumin has a palliative action on gentamicin\u2010induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"19","author":"Ali","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fund. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00728.x","article-title":"Experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity and agents that modify it: a mini-review of recent research","volume":"109","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117760","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid abrogates gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: role of NF-\u03baB-p65\/TNF-\u03b1, Bax\/Bcl-xl\/Caspase-3, and eNOS\/iNOS pathways","volume":"254","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119349","article-title":"Targeting KEAP1\/Nrf2, AKT, and PPAR-\u03b3 signals as a potential protective mechanism of diosmin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"275","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006070756","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Ali","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tfad121","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfad121","article-title":"Protective impacts of Artemisia annua against hepatic toxicity induced by gentamicin","volume":"13","author":"Althobaiti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.11.1415","article-title":"Understanding the role of reactive metabolites in drug-induced hepatotoxicity: state of the science","volume":"4","author":"Antoine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metabol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5455\/ajvs.299702","article-title":"Protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against gentamicin-induced nephro-and hepato-toxicity in chickens","volume":"58","author":"Arafat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences"},{"issue":"5381","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1305","article-title":"Death receptors: signaling and modulation","volume":"281","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07465","article-title":"Cinnamic acid ameliorate gentamicin-induced liver dysfunctions and nephrotoxicity in rats through induction of antioxidant activities","volume":"7","author":"Babaeenezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib30","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ketotifen against gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity through NF-\u03baB pathway suppression","volume":"20","author":"Badiee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2022.03.008","article-title":"Protective effect of Cistanche deserticola on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chinese Herbal Medicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.12.008","article-title":"NF-\u03baB, inflammation, and metabolic disease","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2010.04.004","article-title":"Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: do we have a promising therapeutic approach to blunt it?","volume":"62","author":"Balakumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib35","first-page":"405","article-title":"Oxidative stress causes renal dopamine D1 receptor dysfunction and activation of ASK1-MKK7-JNK cascade","volume":"18","author":"Banday","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib34","first-page":"F53","article-title":"Oxidative stress causes renal dopamine D1 receptor dysfunction and hypertension via mechanisms that involve nuclear factor-\u03baB and protein kinase C","volume":"293","author":"Banday","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506","article-title":"Nuclear factor-\u03baB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"336","author":"Barnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7027","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7027.338","article-title":"Single or multiple daily doses of aminoglycosides: a meta-analysis","volume":"312","author":"Barza","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.11.2173","article-title":"Subcellular distribution of gentamicin in proximal tubular cells, determined by immunogold labeling","volume":"35","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib39","first-page":"597","article-title":"Aminoglycosides \u2014 50 years on","volume":"39","author":"Begg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of gallic acid in mitigating hepatorenal injuries induced by gentamicin administration in male Wistar rats","author":"Behvandi","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/140.4.576","article-title":"The influence of dosage regimen on experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity: dissociation of peak serum levels from renal failure","volume":"140","author":"Bennett","year":"1979","journal-title":"JID (J. Infect. Dis.)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib42","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Single daily dosing of aminoglycosides \u2014 a concept whose time has come","volume":"31","author":"Bertino","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib43","first-page":"357","article-title":"Gentamicin-associated nephrotoxicity and apoptosis","volume":"18","author":"Bhatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib44","first-page":"1475","article-title":"NF-\u03baB: a key player in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury","volume":"23","author":"Bhatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib46","first-page":"44","article-title":"Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is ameliorated by the bradykinin B2 agonist","volume":"372","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib45","first-page":"1196","article-title":"Thromboxane mediation of renal vasoconstriction in gentamicin-treated rats","volume":"275","author":"Bledsoe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9472-y","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury: review article","volume":"52","author":"Bleibel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib48","article-title":"Gentamicin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in proximal tubular cells","volume":"104","author":"Boassa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.103907","article-title":"Protective effect of empagliflozin on gentamicin-induced acute renal injury via regulation of SIRT1\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"94","author":"Botros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221119871","article-title":"Chloroquine attenuates oxidative stress in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"20","author":"Brki\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s44337-025-00315-8","article-title":"Advancing nephroprotective strategies: the role of naringenin in preventing gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"2","author":"Bwambale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.011","article-title":"Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States","volume":"135","author":"Chalasani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib53","series-title":"Aminoglycosides and Spectinomycin. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology","author":"Chambers","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0076","article-title":"Drug-associated renal dysfunction and injury","volume":"2","author":"Choudhury","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3806","article-title":"A small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Coll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/516284","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men","volume":"26","author":"Craig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib57","article-title":"Rapamycin protects against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury via autophagy in mini-pig models","volume":"5","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001319","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by enhancing autophagy and reducing oxidative damage in miniature pigs","volume":"52","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib59","first-page":"138","article-title":"Aminoglycoside antibiotics \u2014 clinical pharmacology and clinical use","volume":"3","author":"Cunha","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib60","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and renal tolerance of tobramycin in premature newborns","volume":"35","author":"Cuzzolin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90101-6","article-title":"Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs \u2014 a novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced liver injuries","volume":"46","author":"Danan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib62","first-page":"355","article-title":"Role of the lysosomes in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity","volume":"2","author":"De Broe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104374","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of crocin on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, NF-\u03baB, TLR-4 and Nrf-2\/HO-1 pathways in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"106","author":"Dogan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.09.001","article-title":"Do we still need the aminoglycosides?","volume":"33","author":"Durante-Mangoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F8","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00336.2004","article-title":"Vitamin D","volume":"289","author":"Dusso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)65134-3","article-title":"The aminoglycosides","volume":"74","author":"Edson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.09.010","article-title":"Protective effect of allicin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"29","author":"El-Kashef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1759620","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of ferulic acid on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats","volume":"45","author":"Erseckin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib69","series-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Edition","author":"Fauci","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000013861","article-title":"Aminoglycoside antibiotics \u2014 mechanisms of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity","volume":"5","author":"Forge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.69.e77338","article-title":"Thymol exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic protective effects against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"69","author":"Fouad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib72","first-page":"823","article-title":"Thymoquinone and curcumin prevent gentamicin-induced liver injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"65","author":"Galaly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.9.1383","article-title":"Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors predisposing to auditory toxicity in patients receiving aminoglycosides","volume":"31","author":"Gatell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2017.1384819","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of gallic acid on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"20","author":"Ghaznavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.3.399","article-title":"Once-daily aminoglycoside therapy","volume":"35","author":"Gilbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1218506","article-title":"Renal mitochondrial restoration by gymnemic acid in gentamicin-mediated experimental nephrotoxicity: evidence from serum, kidney and histopathological alterations","volume":"14","author":"Gumbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.04.015","article-title":"Aminoglycoside induced ototoxicity","volume":"249","author":"Guthrie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"S77","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.07704.x","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species as glucose signaling molecules in mesangial cells cultured under high glucose","volume":"58","author":"Ha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib79","first-page":"183","article-title":"Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: a double-blind randomized controlled study of gentamicin and tobramycin","volume":"13","author":"Haimes","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib80","first-page":"261","article-title":"Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of ursodeoxycholic acid against gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"28","author":"Hassan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11416-5","article-title":"Umbelliferone attenuates gentamicin-induced renal toxicity by suppression of TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB-p65\/NLRP-3 and JAK1\/STAT-3 signaling pathways","volume":"28","author":"Hassanein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/tmj.tmj_41_19","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of gum arabic on gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"49","author":"Hassanien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tanta Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib83","article-title":"Efficacy of Resatorvid and alpha-lipoic acid in ameliorating gentamicin-induced liver injury: insights from Rat model study","volume":"44","author":"Hatipoglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.120","article-title":"Apoptosis and acute kidney injury","volume":"80","author":"Havasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.183434.111","article-title":"NF-\u03baB, the first quarter-century: remarkable progress and outstanding questions","volume":"26","author":"Hayden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2014-0459","article-title":"Protective effects of curcumin on acute gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"93","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.07.021","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of saxagliptin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, emphasis on anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptic effects","volume":"208","author":"Helal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2026.102474","article-title":"Betanin attenuates renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats: insights into NLRP3, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation","author":"Hendawy","year":"2026","journal-title":"Applied Food Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(82)80039-5","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity","volume":"2","author":"Humes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.6.673","article-title":"Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Hussaini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.31351\/vol33iss1pp89-93","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of dapsone against gentamicin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"33","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iraqi J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib92","first-page":"101","article-title":"Hematotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of gentamicin in rats: protective roles of curcumin and N-acetylcysteine","volume":"210","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy \u2014 Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib1","unstructured":"Invalid citation."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.1.76","article-title":"Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain","volume":"13","author":"Itoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82075-0","article-title":"A novel protein domain required for apoptosis: mutational analysis of human Fas antigen","volume":"268","author":"Itoh","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164528","article-title":"Amelioration of renal inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis underlies the protective effect of low dosage of atorvastatin in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"11","author":"Jaikumkao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.139162","article-title":"Regulation and pathological role of p53 in cisplatin nephrotoxicity","volume":"327","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"S4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib97","first-page":"130","article-title":"Antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Kaloyanides","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1750","article-title":"Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991513","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver injury","volume":"27","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2013.828359","article-title":"Effects of pentoxifylline on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"35","author":"Kasap","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.035","article-title":"Nrf2:INrf2 (Keap1) signaling in oxidative stress","volume":"47","author":"Kaspar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"20","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141046","article-title":"Cell survival responses to environmental stresses via the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway","volume":"47","author":"Kensler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2019.1633354","article-title":"Palmatine ameliorates nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats","volume":"127","author":"Khaksari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.12.009","article-title":"Protective effect of green tea extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney","volume":"59","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib106","first-page":"573","article-title":"Protective effect of taurine against gentamicin-induced kidney damage in rats","volume":"13","author":"Kiris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-026-04310-5","article-title":"Targeting the powerhouse: the mitochondrial perspective on gentamicin-induced kidney injury","volume":"100","author":"Korkut Celikates","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib108","article-title":"The therapeutic role of Eugenol loaded chitosan nanoparticles on gentamicin-induced hepatorenal injury in male rats","author":"Koura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2025.79.86-91","article-title":"The beneficial effect of melatonin on gentamicin-induced liver injury in rats","volume":"79","author":"Krupalija-Fazlic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Arch."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9719906","article-title":"Protective effect of honey and propolis against gentamicin\u2010induced oxidative stress and hepatorenal damages","volume":"2021","author":"Laaroussi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib111","series-title":"Drug Information Handbook, 28th Edition","author":"Lacy","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-30105","article-title":"Epidemiology and individual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions affecting the liver","volume":"22","author":"Larrey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The nuclear factor NF-\u03baB pathway in inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/35085008","article-title":"Four deaths and a funeral: from caspases to alternative mechanisms","volume":"2","author":"Leist","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154021","article-title":"Piperazine ferulate attenuates gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury via the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway","volume":"99","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1 Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib116","first-page":"1","article-title":"A focus on the pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury","volume":"21","author":"Licata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib117","first-page":"128","article-title":"Aminoglycosides, endothelin and renal vasoconstriction","volume":"9","author":"Lirola","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.337","article-title":"New insights into the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: an integrative point of view","volume":"79","author":"L\u00f3pez-Novoa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.337","article-title":"New insights into the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: an integrative point of view","volume":"79","author":"Lopez-Novoa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","article-title":"LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway","volume":"42","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.33899\/ijvs.2022.133276.2197","article-title":"Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against gentamicin induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"37","author":"Lukiswanto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iraqi J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119600","article-title":"Agomelatine prevents gentamicin nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and TLR-4 signaling, and upregulating PPAR\u03b3 and SIRT1","volume":"278","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30762-3","article-title":"Aminoglycoside cochlear ototoxicity \u2014 current concepts","volume":"26","author":"Matz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23466-4","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity in cystic fibrosis: kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin","volume":"8","author":"McWilliam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58790-1","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of rosuvastatin for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced kidney toxicity in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"McWilliam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.4.727","article-title":"Aminoglycosides: activity and resistance","volume":"43","author":"Mingeot-Leclercq","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1003","article-title":"Aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity \u2014 mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"43","author":"Mingeot-Leclercq","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2805","article-title":"Protective effect of aspirin against gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats model","volume":"16","author":"Moafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118812166","article-title":"Vitamin D attenuates gentamicin-induced acute renal damage via prevention of oxidative stress and DNA damage","volume":"38","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04327-0","article-title":"Modulating platelet-activating factor by rupatadine attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via NF-\u03baB\/caspase-3 and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling cascades","volume":"398","author":"Mohyeldin","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2025.117596","article-title":"Apremilast attenuates methotrexate-induced hepatic injury in rats; insights into TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/P38 MAPK\/caspase-3 and \u03b1-klotho\/Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling network interplay","author":"Mohyeldin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04846-w","article-title":"Apremilast ameliorates methotrexate-induced renal injury in rats: role of TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/P38 MAPK\/caspase-3 and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathways","volume":"399","author":"Mohyeldin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Naunyn-schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib134","first-page":"1","article-title":"Atomoxetine attenuates methotrexate-induced lung injury in rats implicating TLR4\/NF-\u03baB and Bax\/Bcl-2\/caspase-3 signaling cascades: a study based on molecular docking and experimental validation","author":"Mohyeldin","year":"2026","journal-title":"N. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-3-352","article-title":"Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides","volume":"100","author":"Moore","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90358-9","article-title":"Association of aminoglycoside plasma levels with therapeutic outcome in gram-negative pneumonia","volume":"77","author":"Moore","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11010048","article-title":"Diosmin mitigates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: insights on miR-21 and -155 expression, Nrf2\/HO-1 and p38-MAPK\/NF-kappaB pathways","volume":"11","author":"Nadeem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11010048","article-title":"Diosmin mitigates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: insights on miR-21 and-155 expression, Nrf2\/HO-1 and p38-MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"11","author":"Nadeem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F337","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2001.281.2.F337","article-title":"Role of megalin in renal handling of aminoglycosides","volume":"281","author":"Nagai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib140","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Entry of aminoglycosides into renal tubular epithelial cells via endocytosis-dependent and endocytosis-independent pathways","volume":"74","author":"Nagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib141","first-page":"136","article-title":"Gentamicin-induced renal oxidative injury in rats: inhibitory effects of astaxanthin and vitamin C","volume":"13","author":"Nakajima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052270","article-title":"Drug-related hepatotoxicity","volume":"354","author":"Navarro","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13291","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R900010200","article-title":"The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by oxidative stress","volume":"284","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib144","first-page":"12","article-title":"Protective role of melatonin against gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats","volume":"3","author":"Nossier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32423","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013065117","article-title":"Dissociating antibacterial from ototoxic effects of gentamicin C-subtypes","volume":"117","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/2314808X.2025.2458824","article-title":"Taxifolin attenuates gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in mice: potential involvement of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling","volume":"12","author":"Obeidat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01430-08","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in intensive care units","volume":"53","author":"Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib149","first-page":"779","article-title":"Atorvastatin prevents gentamicin-induced renal damage by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats","volume":"31","author":"Ozbek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/465897","article-title":"Induction of oxidative stress in kidney","volume":"2012","author":"Ozbek","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nephrology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2021.1977024","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress and toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats","volume":"45","author":"Pakfetrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib151","first-page":"707","article-title":"The role of Nrf2 in the protection against renal injury induced by gentamicin and related mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib152","first-page":"575","article-title":"Gentamicin nephrotoxicity \u2014 risk factors and monitoring","volume":"19","author":"Pedersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3329\/bjp.v13i3.36621","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of Berberis baluchistanica against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbit","volume":"13","author":"Pervez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib154","first-page":"257","article-title":"Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: comparative assessment in critically ill patients","volume":"10","author":"Plaut","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib155","first-page":"245","article-title":"An integrative overview on the mechanisms underlying renal tubular nephrotoxicity","volume":"334","author":"Quiros","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib156","first-page":"933","article-title":"Clinical aspects of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: a systematic review of risk factors and monitoring strategies","volume":"82","author":"Ramzan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib157","first-page":"388","article-title":"Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Randjelovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib158","first-page":"CD005091","article-title":"One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates","author":"Rao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/4.suppl_A.85","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and tobramycin given once daily or continuously in dogs","volume":"4","author":"Reiner","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib160","article-title":"Aminoglycoside antibiotics: molecular mechanisms of action and resistance","volume":"15","author":"Rizzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.3.1010-1016.2003","article-title":"Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: modelling, simulation, and control","volume":"47","author":"Rougier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2005","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide: from basic science to therapeutic applications","volume":"86","author":"Ryter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2023.102191","article-title":"Gentisic acid mitigates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"84","author":"Saeedavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.02.022","article-title":"Naringin ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and associated mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammation in rats: possible mechanism of nephroprotection","volume":"277","author":"Sahu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2010.00900.x","article-title":"The protective effect of eugenol against gentamicin\u2010induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney","volume":"25","author":"Said","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fund. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.115027","article-title":"Lactoferrin alleviates gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in rats by suppressing ferroptosis: highlight on ACSL4, SLC7A11, NCOA4, FSP1 pathways and miR-378a-3p, LINC00618 expression","volume":"193","author":"Salama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90710-z","article-title":"Sparstolonin B attenuates MRSA-induced wound and peritonitis infection: in vivo, phytochemical, and computational investigation","volume":"15","author":"Sayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.11.024","article-title":"Gentamicin-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells: involvement of lysosomes and mitochondria","volume":"206","author":"Servais","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7575","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","article-title":"Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death","volume":"526","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32239-1","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of gentamicin on renal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"214","author":"Simmons","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198005153022002","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of gentamicin and tobramycin","volume":"302","author":"Smith","year":"1980","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3278","article-title":"NRF2 and cancer: the good, the bad and the importance of context","volume":"12","author":"Sporn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/08860220802546321","article-title":"Protective effects of pentoxifylline treatment on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"31","author":"Stojiljkovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.21.5.443.34490","article-title":"Individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring results in less aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity and fewer associated costs","volume":"21","author":"Streetman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11830","article-title":"NF-\u03baB: a key role in inflammatory diseases","volume":"107","author":"Tak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5812\/nephropathol.7512","article-title":"Inhibition of gentamicin-induced renal tubular cell necrosis","volume":"1","author":"Tavafi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Nephropathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib178","first-page":"221","article-title":"Renal tubular transport and nephrotoxicity of beta-lactam antibiotics: structure-activity relationships","volume":"20","author":"Tune","year":"1994","journal-title":"Miner. Electrolyte Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00901.x","article-title":"Effect of silymarin and vitamin E on gentamicin\u2010induced nephrotoxicity in dogs","volume":"30","author":"Varzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib180","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury: prevalence, incidence, management, and prevention","volume":"34","author":"Verma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229909085109","article-title":"Oxidative mechanisms in gentamicin nephrotoxicity","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102108-134850","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in apoptosis","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib183","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Drug-induced nephrotoxicity: a practical review","volume":"82","author":"Ward","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190014546836","article-title":"Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"27","author":"Wargo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.04.011","article-title":"Analysis of the global burden of disease study highlights global trends in chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016","volume":"94","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib186","first-page":"337","article-title":"Protective effect of crocin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"19","author":"Yarijani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib187","article-title":"Ameliorating effects of croton bonplandianus leaves against gentamicin induced acute liver and kidney injury: a biochemical and histopathological investigation","volume":"50","author":"Yasin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238564","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing apoptosis and ferroptosis","volume":"27","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526004254?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526004254?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:55:48Z","timestamp":1789606548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691526004254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":188,"alternative-id":["S0278691526004254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deciphering gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity: Pathophysiological insights and emerging protective approaches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116350"}}