{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:46:05Z","timestamp":1792565165397,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002770","name":"Cabinet Office, Government of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPCAFSC20202008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPCAFSC20202008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:25:54Z","timestamp":1787984754000},"page":"116356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Probabilistic quantitative risk assessment of unintended egg, milk and wheat allergen exposure under Japan's threshold-based food labelling system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4962-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuki","family":"Fukuie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinari","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6628-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiko","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouhei","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya M.","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.14252\/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00008","article-title":"Japanese food allergy-labeling System and comparison with the international experience; detection and thresholds","volume":"9","author":"Akiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Saf (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33545","article-title":"Egg protein exposure estimation in risk assessment for Japanese food allergy labeling","volume":"10","author":"Akiyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib3","article-title":"Normal species sensitivity distributions and probabilistic ecological risk assessment","volume":"54","author":"Aldenberg","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.042","article-title":"Allergen reference doses for precautionary labeling (VITAL 2.0): clinical implications","volume":"133","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.12.025","article-title":"The consequences of precautionary allergen labeling: safe haven or unjustifiable burden?","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2026.0193","article-title":"Peanut allergy","author":"Anagnostou","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.048","article-title":"Global patterns in anaphylaxis due to specific foods: a systematic review","volume":"148","author":"Baseggio Conrado","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54844-1","article-title":"Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for food allergen risk assessment: risk outcome and uncertainty comparisons","volume":"9","author":"Birot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.03.004","article-title":"An integrated probabilistic framework for cumulative risk assessment of common mechanism chemicals in food: an example with organophosphorus pesticides","volume":"54","author":"Bosgra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.09.005","article-title":"Hazard characterisation in food allergen risk assessment: the application of statistical approaches and the use of clinical data","volume":"45","author":"Crevel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.03.004","article-title":"Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2020","volume":"69","author":"Ebisawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib12","article-title":"Ad hoc joint FAO\/WHO expert consultation on risk assessment of food allergens","volume":"2","year":"2023","journal-title":"Part"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib13","article-title":"Ad hoc joint FAO\/WHO expert consultation on risk assessment of food allergens","volume":"6","year":"2025","journal-title":"Part"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000001161","article-title":"Risk-based allergen labeling: reference doses, Japan's 10-ppm policy, and emerging challenges","author":"Fukuie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2025.17.3.288","article-title":"Global perspectives on allergen labeling: harmonization of regulations and practices","volume":"17","author":"Ham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"111831","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib16","article-title":"Full range of population Eliciting Dose values for 14 priority allergenic foods and recommendations for use in risk characterization","volume":"146","author":"Houben","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.31662\/jmaj.2022-0218","article-title":"Prevalence of allergic diseases across all ages in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study employing designated allergic disease medical hospital network","volume":"6","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jma j"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15834","article-title":"A comparison of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge and open food challenge","volume":"78","author":"Jessen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2025.108078","article-title":"Exposure estimation of the food allergens milk and wheat protein in Japan through Bayesian methods: implications for food labeling","volume":"148","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.12.042","article-title":"Precautionary allergen labeling: what advice is available for health care professionals, allergists, and allergic consumers?","volume":"11","author":"La Vieille","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.12.001","article-title":"Approaches to risk assessment in food allergy: report from a workshop ''developing a framework for assessing the risk from allergenic foods\"","volume":"47","author":"Madsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112196","article-title":"Probabilistic risk assessment for milk in dark chocolate, cookies and other baked goods with PAL sold in Canada","volume":"152","author":"Manny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib23","series-title":"STANDARD TABLES OF FOOD COMPOSITION IN JAPAN (Seventh Revised Version) - Updated and Enlarged Version 2015","article-title":"Ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology, Japan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111259","article-title":"Updated population minimal eliciting dose distributions for use in risk assessment of 14 priority food allergens","volume":"139","author":"Remington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15991","article-title":"Quantitative risk assessment of egg-white, milk and wheat in infants","volume":"79","author":"Takada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.10.032","article-title":"Establishment of reference doses for residues of allergenic foods: report of the VITAL Expert Panel","volume":"63","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2024.100972","article-title":"Time to ACT-UP: update on precautionary allergen labelling (PAL)","volume":"17","author":"Turner","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-023-00713-8","article-title":"Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals","volume":"35","author":"van de Meent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2007.00887.x","article-title":"Integration of probabilistic exposure assessment and probabilistic hazard characterization","volume":"27","author":"van der Voet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib30","unstructured":"VITAL, The allergen bureau's VITAL\u00ae (Voluntary incidental trace allergen labelling) Program. Available at: https:\/\/vital.allergenbureau.net."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.07.046","article-title":"Deriving individual threshold doses from clinical food challenge data for population risk assessment of food allergens","volume":"144","author":"Westerhout","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13585","article-title":"Bayesian stacked parametric survival with frailty components and interval-censored failure times: an application to food allergy risk","volume":"41","author":"Wheeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2023.11.005","article-title":"Overviewing allergy epidemiology in Japan - findings from birth cohorts (JECS and T-Child study)","volume":"73","author":"Yamamoto-Hanada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027869152600431X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027869152600431X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:18:42Z","timestamp":1792563522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027869152600431X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S027869152600431X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Probabilistic quantitative risk assessment of unintended egg, milk and wheat allergen exposure under Japan's threshold-based food labelling system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116356","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116356"}}