{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:46:17Z","timestamp":1792565177389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:31:15Z","timestamp":1790922675000},"page":"116420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["RIFM 60th anniversary special issue: Toxicological impact of RIFM science throughout the years"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"G. Frank","family":"Gerberick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib1","article-title":"RIFM natural complex substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ho bark oil, CAS registry number 8022-91-1, RIFM ID 217-C2.12","volume":"201","author":"Api","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib2","article-title":"RIFM natural complex substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ho wood oil, CAS Registry Number 8022-91-1, RIFM ID 217-D2.12","volume":"201","author":"Api","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib3","article-title":"RIFM natural complex substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, savory winter oil, CAS registry number 90106-57-3, RIFM ID 1181-E2.12","volume":"201","author":"Api","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib4","article-title":"RIFM natural complex substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, lovage leaf oil, CAS registry number 8016-31-7, RIFM ID 813-E2.12","volume":"210","author":"Api","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib5","article-title":"RIFM Natural Complex Substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, clove bud absolute, CAS Registry number 8000-34-8, RIFM ID 583-F2.1","volume":"201","author":"Api","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104805","article-title":"Updating exposure assessment for skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment for fragrance materials","volume":"118","author":"Api","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2007.10.008","article-title":"Dermal sensitization quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for fragrance ingredients","volume":"52","author":"Api","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib9","article-title":"The RIFM approach to evaluating Natural Complex Substances (NCS)","volume":"159","author":"Api","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib8","article-title":"RIFM natural complex substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, petitgrain mandarin oil, CAS registry number 8014-17-3, RIFM ID: 250-E2.12","volume":"176","author":"Api","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib10","article-title":"RIFM Natural Complex Substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, orange essence oil, CAS Registry Number 68514-75-0, RIFM ID 192-G2.10","volume":"189","author":"Api","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib11","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Criteria for the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, inc. (RIFM) safety evaluation process for fragrance ingredients","volume":"82","author":"Api","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.11.013","article-title":"Skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment: a review of underlying assumptions","volume":"74","author":"Basketter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(03)00003-5","article-title":"The safety assessment of fragrance materials","volume":"37","author":"Bickers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2025.105905","article-title":"Use of NAMs in a weight of evidence approach to evaluate the safety via the inhalation route of acetylated vetiver oil, in spray products","volume":"162","author":"Boisleve","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105200","article-title":"Updating the Dermal Sensitisation Thresholds using an expanded dataset and an in silico expert system","volume":"133","author":"Chilton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.05.012","article-title":"Novel database for exposure to fragrance ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products","volume":"72","author":"Comiskey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.05.017","article-title":"Integrating habits and practices data for soaps, cosmetics and air care products into an existing aggregate exposure model","volume":"88","author":"Comiskey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00518","article-title":"Clustering a chemical inventory for safety assessment of fragrance ingredients: identifying read-across analogs to address data gaps","volume":"33","author":"Date","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2017.04.001","article-title":"In vitro assessment of skin sensitization, photosensitization and phototoxicity potential of commercial glyphosate-containing formulations","volume":"45","author":"de \u00c1vila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.05.005","article-title":"The 'BlueScreen HC' assay as a decision making test in the genotoxicity assessment of flavour and fragrance materials","volume":"29","author":"Etter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470502.x","article-title":"A review of the scientific basis for uncertainty factors for use in quantitative risk assessment for the induction of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"47","author":"Felter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(02)00021-1","article-title":"Application of the risk assessment paradigm to the induction of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"37","author":"Felter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1999.1362","article-title":"Criteria for development of a database for safety evaluation of fragrance ingredients","volume":"31","author":"Ford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450603.x","article-title":"Understanding fragrance allergy using an exposure-based risk assessment approach","volume":"45","author":"Gerberick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2003.07.001","article-title":"Proposal for a risk assessment methodology for skin sensitization based on sensitization potency data","volume":"38","author":"Griem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2875","article-title":"Ecotoxicological thresholds-practical application to an industrial inventory","volume":"34","author":"Gutsell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2024.105752","article-title":"Incorporating Singaporean habits and practices for cosmetics and personal care products into a global consumer aggregate exposure model","volume":"156","author":"Juraimi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10203","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02337","article-title":"Mode of Action (MOA) assignment classifications for ecotoxicology: an evaluation of approaches","volume":"51","author":"Kienzler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1996.1076","article-title":"A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data","volume":"25","author":"Klimisch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2003.08.006","article-title":"Structure-based thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC): guidance for application to substances present at low levels in the diet","volume":"42","author":"Kroes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.021","article-title":"Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) to the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients","volume":"45","author":"Kroes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfab055","article-title":"Critical evaluation of low-molecular weight respiratory sensitizers and their protein reactivity potential toward lysine residues","volume":"182","author":"Krutz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf214","article-title":"Aquatic risk of fragrance materials: advancing prioritization in aquatic systems","volume":"44","author":"Lapczynski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1089\/derm.2025.0125","article-title":"Updates to the research institute for fragrance materials, inc. Confirmation of no induction in human test standard protocol","volume":"36","author":"Lavelle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112705","article-title":"Derivation of the no expected sensitization induction level for dermal quantitative risk assessment of fragrance ingredients using a weight of evidence approach","volume":"159","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2025.105964","article-title":"Quantitative next generation risk assessment for skin sensitization - application of regression models based on in vitro data to estimate point of departure","volume":"164","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114998","article-title":"Predicting points of departure and potency categories for fragrance ingredients by integrating OECD in vitro models","volume":"193","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105298","article-title":"Assessment of the skin sensitization potential of fragrance ingredients using the U-SENS\u2122 assay","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2024.105569","article-title":"Detailed aggregate exposure analysis shows that exposure to fragrance ingredients in consumer products is low: many orders of magnitude below thresholds of concern","volume":"148","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2026.106097","article-title":"Integrating new habits and practices data and homecare products into the Creme RIFM aggregate exposure model","volume":"169","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00286","article-title":"An end point-specific framework for read-across analog selection for human health effects","volume":"35","author":"Moustakas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comtox.2025.100391","article-title":"Advancing chemical grouping: development and application of signature-based structure-activity groups for non-animal safety assessments","volume":"36","author":"Muldoon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105128","article-title":"Benchmarking performance of SENS-IS assay against weight of evidence skin sensitization potency categories","volume":"130","author":"Na","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000854","article-title":"Weight of evidence approach for skin sensitization potency categorization of fragrance ingredients","volume":"33","author":"Na","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000684","article-title":"Fragrance skin sensitization evaluation and human testing: 30-year experience","volume":"32","author":"Na","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2026.106052","article-title":"Derivation of a point of departure using NAMs for application in quantitative risk assessment of fragrance materials","volume":"167","author":"Natsch","year":"2026","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2020.104732","article-title":"Application of the dermal sensitization threshold concept to chemicals classified as high potency category for skin sensitization assessment of ingredients for consumer products","volume":"117","author":"Nishijo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib49","article-title":"Test no. 432: in vitro 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test","volume":"vol. 4","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib50","article-title":"Test no. 471: bacterial reverse mutation test","volume":"vol. 4","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib51","article-title":"Test no. 487: in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test","volume":"vol. 4","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib52","article-title":"Test no. 498: in vitro phototoxicity - reconstructed human epidermis phototoxicity test method","volume":"vol. 4","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1039\/c3em00011g","article-title":"A standard method for measuring benzene and formaldehyde emissions from candles in emission test chambers for human health risk assessment purposes","volume":"15","author":"Petry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.02.010","article-title":"Human health risk evaluation of selected VOC, SVOC and particulate emissions from scented candles","volume":"69","author":"Petry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2007.11.004","article-title":"The research institute for fragrance materials' human repeated insult patch test protocol","volume":"52","author":"Politano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2022.916370","article-title":"\"In Litero\" screening: retrospective evaluation of clinical evidence to establish a reference list of human chemical respiratory sensitizers","volume":"4","author":"Ponder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib57","series-title":"Fragrance Material Safety Assessment Center","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib58","series-title":"Fragrance Material Safety Assessment Center (RIFM\/ELsevier)","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib59","series-title":"RIFM Database","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib60","series-title":"Research Institute for Fragrance Materials","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib61","series-title":"Safety Assessment Program","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2021.105098","article-title":"Use of alternative test methods in a tiered testing approach to address photoirritation potential of fragrance materials","volume":"129","author":"Ritacco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042005251.x","article-title":"The importance of exposure estimation in the assessment of skin sensitization risk","volume":"42","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2021.2024142","article-title":"Identifying a reference list of respiratory sensitizers for the evaluation of novel approaches to study respiratory sensitization","volume":"51","author":"Sadekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.02.021","article-title":"Application of the expanded creme RIFM consumer exposure model to fragrance ingredients in cosmetic, personal care and air care products","volume":"86","author":"Safford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.02.010","article-title":"The dermal sensitisation Threshold- a TTC approach for allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"51","author":"Safford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.04.020","article-title":"Extension of the dermal sensitisation threshold (DST) approach to incorporate chemicals classified as reactive","volume":"72","author":"Safford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2011.05.002","article-title":"Macrocyclic fragrance materials--a screening-level environmental assessment using chemical categorization","volume":"74","author":"Salvito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210627","article-title":"A framework for prioritizing fragrance materials for aquatic risk assessment","volume":"21","author":"Salvito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2024.2433222","article-title":"Use and limitations of clinical data in the identification and classification of low molecular weight chemicals (LMWCs) as respiratory sensitizers: recommendations for improvement","volume":"55","author":"Scheel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2026.2686569","article-title":"Addendum","volume":"56","author":"Scheel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib72","series-title":"SCCP\/1153\/08","article-title":"Opinion on dermal sensitisation quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for fragrance ingredients","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib73","series-title":"SCCS\/1459\/11","article-title":"Opinion on fragrance allergens in cosmetic products","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib74","series-title":"Opinion on Skin Sensitisation Quantitative Risk Assessment for Fragrance Ingredients (QRA2) - Submission I","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib75","series-title":"SCCS\/1589\/17","article-title":"Opinion on skin sensitisation quantitative risk assessment for fragrance ingredients (QRA2)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.09.015","article-title":"An in silico skin absorption model for fragrance materials","volume":"74","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)00261-0","article-title":"Environmental risk assessment of musk ketone and musk xylene in the Netherlands in accordance with the EU-TGD","volume":"35","author":"Tas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geac004","article-title":"The BlueScreen HC assay to predict the genotoxic potential of fragrance materials","volume":"37","author":"Thakkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22627","article-title":"Assessment of genotoxic potential of fragrance materials in the chicken egg assays","volume":"65","author":"Thakkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/em.70015","article-title":"The chicken egg genotoxicity assay (CEGA): assessing target tissue exposure and metabolism in the embryo-fetal chicken livers","volume":"66","author":"Thakkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geab040","article-title":"Use of the EpiDermTM 3D reconstructed skin micronucleus assay for fragrance materials","volume":"37","author":"Thakkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.09.006","article-title":"A framework for using structural, reactivity, metabolic and physicochemical similarity to evaluate the suitability of analogs for SAR-based toxicological assessments","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526004953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526004953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:22:06Z","timestamp":1792563726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691526004953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0278691526004953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"RIFM 60th anniversary special issue: Toxicological impact of RIFM science throughout the years","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116420","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116420"}}