{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:49:08Z","timestamp":1791935348853,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:29:56Z","timestamp":1791934196000},"page":"116448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzyl benzoate, CAS Registry Number 120-51-4"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"A.M.","family":"Api","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Belsito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bruze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bryant-Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"G.A.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Cancellieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Chon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Crotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Dagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Dekant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Deodhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.D.","family":"Fryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Guttenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lapczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.L.","family":"Laskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lavelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Moustakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Muldoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.M.","family":"Penning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"Piersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ritacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Sadekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Schember","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.W.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.G.","family":"Sipes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Thakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00356.x","article-title":"The relationship between exposure to fragrance materials and persistent light reaction in the photosensitivity dermatitis with actinic reticuloid syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Addo","year":"1982","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.11.014","article-title":"Criteria for the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM) safety evaluation process for fragrance ingredients","volume":"82","author":"Api","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib3","unstructured":"Arms, A.D. and Travis, C.C. (1988). Reference Physiological Parameters in Pharmacokinetic Modeling. EPA\/600\/6-88\/004. Retrieved from https:\/\/nepis.epa.gov\/Exe\/ZyPDF.cgi\/9100R7VE.PDF?Dockey=9100R7VE.PDF."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib4","first-page":"244","article-title":"Die Situation in der gesundheitlichen Beurteilung der Aromatisierungsmittel fur Lebensmittel. (Where we stand concerning the evaluation of flavoring substances from the viewpoint of health)","volume":"8","author":"Bar","year":"1967","journal-title":"Medizin Ernahr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(90)90111-Y","article-title":"In vivo percutaneous absorption of fragrance ingredients in rhesus monkeys and humans","volume":"28","author":"Bronaugh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.02.024","article-title":"Exposure based waiving: the application of the toxicological threshold of concern (TTC) to inhalation exposure for aerosol ingredients in consumer products","volume":"47","author":"Carthew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-4-S1-S4","article-title":"CAESAR models for developmental toxicity","volume":"4","author":"Cassano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemistry Central Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.05.012","article-title":"Novel database for exposure to fragrance ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products","volume":"72","author":"Comiskey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.05.017","article-title":"Integrating habits and practices data for soaps, cosmetics and air care products into an existing aggregate exposure model","volume":"88","author":"Comiskey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.01.007","article-title":"A 3D reconstituted epidermis based model for quantifying chemical sensitization potency: Reproducibility and predictivity results from an inter-laboratory study","volume":"32","author":"Cottrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00518","article-title":"Clustering a Chemical Inventory for Safety Assessment of Fragrance Ingredients: Identifying Read-Across Analogs to Address Data Gaps","volume":"33","author":"Date","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib12","unstructured":"ECETOC (2003). Contact sensitisation: Classification according to potency. ECETOC Technical Report No. 87."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib13","unstructured":"ECHA (2010a). Benzaldehyde Dossier Publication. Retrieved from https:\/\/chem.echa.europa.eu\/100.002.601\/dossier-view\/ea4fba40-464c-41c8-8fb0-6af106cf5eb6\/ae81bc4a-8003-4cb1-827d-354a216dc6c9_ae81bc4a-8003-4cb1-827d-354a216dc6c9?searchText=100-52-7."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib14","unstructured":"ECHA (2010b). Benzoic Acid Dossier Publication. Retrieved from https:\/\/chem.echa.europa.eu\/100.000.562\/dossier-view\/1c3b0363-9226-443e-85cb-eed1821e2f2c\/1b523456-b4fb-46b6-ad9f-384d08f8317a_1b523456-b4fb-46b6-ad9f-384d08f8317a?searchText=65-85-0."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib15","unstructured":"ECHA (2013). Benzyl Benzoate Dossier Publication. Retrieved from https:\/\/chem.echa.europa.eu\/100.004.003\/dossier-view\/31bd28e6-fa3e-42a9-9b09-e5afb98765d5\/325d1f84-95d7-4de8-9f13-9b9e4e0275e5_325d1f84-95d7-4de8-9f13-9b9e4e0275e5?searchText=120-51-4."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib16","unstructured":"ECHA (2017a). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment: Chapter R.11: PBT Assessment. Retrieved from https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/en\/web\/guest\/guidance-documents\/guidance-on-information-requirements-and-chemical-safety-assessment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib17","unstructured":"ECHA (2017b). Read-across Assessment Framework (RAAF). Retrieved from https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/documents\/10162\/13628\/raaf_en.pdf\/614e5d61-891d-4154-8a47-87efebd1851a."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib18","unstructured":"ECHA (2022). Phenethyl phenylacetate Dossier Publication. Retrieved from https:\/\/chem.echa.europa.eu\/100.002.740\/dossier-list\/reach\/dossiers\/active?searchText=102-20-5."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(80)90055-4","article-title":"Screening of tobacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames Test","volume":"18","author":"Florin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.09.013","article-title":"From genome-wide arrays to tailor-made biomarker readout - Progress towards routine analysis of skin sensitizing chemicals with GARD","volume":"37","author":"Forreryd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib21","first-page":"157","article-title":"Compilation of historical local lymph node data for evaluation of skin sensitization alternative methods","volume":"16","author":"Gerberick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh213","article-title":"Development of a peptide reactivity assay for screening contact allergens","volume":"81","author":"Gerberick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2875","article-title":"Ecotoxicological thresholds\u2014practical application to an industrial inventory","volume":"34","author":"Gutsell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(67)82961-4","article-title":"Food flavorings and compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and chronic toxicity","volume":"5","author":"Hagan","year":"1967","journal-title":"Food and Cosmetics Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb00865.x","article-title":"Propolis allergy (IV). Studies with further sensitizers from propolis and constituents common to propolis, poplar buds and balsam of Peru","volume":"26","author":"Hausen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/1046-199X(95)90043-8","article-title":"Identification of new allergenic constituents and proof of evidence for coniferyl benzoate in Balsam of Peru","volume":"6","author":"Hausen","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.005","article-title":"Can light absorption and photostability data be used to assess the photosafety risks in patients for a new drug molecule?","volume":"96","author":"Henry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib28","unstructured":"IFRA (International Fragrance Association) (2023). Volume of Use Survey, January-December 2023."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib29","first-page":"230","article-title":"Closed epicutaneous test","volume":"28","author":"Ishihara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Skin Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00175-8","article-title":"Interpretation of the biological relevance of genotoxicity test results: the importance of thresholds","volume":"464","author":"Kirkland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mutation Research\/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib31","article-title":"The open epicutaneous test (OET), a predictive test procedure in the guinea pig for estimation of allergenic properties of simple chemical compounds, their mixtures and of finished cosmetic preparations","author":"Klecak","year":"1979","journal-title":"International Federation Societies Cosmetic Chemists"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000411610","article-title":"The Freund\u2019s Complete Adjuvant Test and the Open Epicutaneous Test","volume":"14","author":"Klecak","year":"1985","journal-title":"Current Problems in Dermatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.021","article-title":"Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) to the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients","volume":"45","author":"Kroes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1093\/etojnl\/vgaf214","article-title":"Aquatic risk of fragrance materials: advancing prioritization in aquatic systems","volume":"44","author":"Lapczynski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2011.09.004","article-title":"Correlation of chemical structure with reproductive and developmental toxicity as it relates to the use of the threshold of toxicological concern","volume":"62","author":"Laufersweiler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2010.483869","article-title":"A new in vitro method for identifying chemical sensitizers combining peptide binding with ARE\/EpRE-medicated gene expression in human skin cells","volume":"29","author":"McKim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib37","first-page":"90","article-title":"Safety evaluation of chemicals for use in household products. I. Teratological studies on benzyl benzoate and 2-(morpholinothio) benzothiazole in rats","volume":"43","author":"Morita","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annual Report Osaka City Inst.Public Health Environment Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000684","article-title":"Fragrance Skin Sensitization Evaluation and Human Testing: 30-Year Experience","volume":"32","author":"Na","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn194","article-title":"LC-MS-Based characterization of the peptide reactivity of chemicals to improve the in vitro prediction of the skin sensitization potential","volume":"106","author":"Natsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.03.016","article-title":"Utility and limitations of a peptide reactivity assay to predict fragrance allergens in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Natsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicology in Vitro"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2868","article-title":"A dataset on 145 chemicals tested in alternative assays for skin sensitization undergoing prevalidation","volume":"33","author":"Natsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib42","unstructured":"OECD (2015). Guidance Document on the Reporting of Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA). ENV\/JM\/HA(2015)7. Retrieved from https:\/\/one.oecd.org\/document\/ENV\/JM\/HA(2015)7\/en\/pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD (2025a). Guideline No. 497: Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris. Retrieved from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/b92879a4-en.","DOI":"10.1787\/b92879a4-en"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib44","unstructured":"OECD (2025b). The OECD QSAR Toolbox. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.qsartoolbox.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.06.002","article-title":"Binary test battery with KeratinoSens\u2122 and h-CLAT as part of a bottom-up approach for skin sensitization hazard prediction","volume":"88","author":"Otsubo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib46","unstructured":"Phalen, R.F. (2009). Inhalation Studies. Foundations and Techniques, 2nd Ed. Published by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., New York, NY. Chapter 9, Animal Models, in section: \u201cComparative Physiology and Anatomy,\u201d subsection, \u201cComparative Airway Anatomy.\u201d"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.03.009","article-title":"The Myeloid U937 Skin Sensitization Test (U-SENS) addresses the activation of dendritic cell event in the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization","volume":"29","author":"Piroird","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicology in Vitro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0251","article-title":"Evaluation of phototoxic properties of fragrances","volume":"87","author":"Placzek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib49","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1970). The contact sensitizing potential of fragrance materials in humans. Report to RIFM. RIFM report number 1760 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib50","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1979). Report on human maximization studies. Report to RIFM. RIFM report number 1697 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib51","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1981). Toxicology studies of benzyl benzoate in the guinea pig. Unpublished report from Takasago International Corporation. RIFM report number 35050 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib52","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1982). Mutagenicity evaluation of benzaldehyde in the Ames Salmonella\/microsome Plate Test. Private communication to FEMA. Unpublished report from Lorillard Tobacco Company. RIFM report number 36348 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib53","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1983). Mutagenicity evaluation of benzaldehyde in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Private communication to FEMA. Unpublished report from Lorillard Tobacco Company. RIFM report number 36349 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib54","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1992a). Biodegradation of benzyl benzoate. Unpublished report from Haarmann & Reimer GmbH. RIFM report number 41096 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib55","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1992b). Water solubility study with benzyl benzoate. Unpublished report from Haarmann & Reimer GmbH. RIFM report number 50243 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib56","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1993). Acute fish toxicity of benzyl benzoate. Unpublished report from Haarmann & Reimer GmbH. RIFM report number 41106 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib57","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (1994). Biodegradation study of benzyl benzoate in a sealed vessel test. Unpublished report from Quest International. RIFM report number 33817 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib58","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2003a). Acute toxicity test with benzyl benzoate and the daphnid, Daphnia magna. Unpublished report from Boeri, R.L., Wyskiel, D.C. & Ward, T.J. RIFM report number 50651 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib59","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2003b). Growth and reproduction toxicity test with benzyl benzoate and the freshwater alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. Unpublished report from Ward, T.J., Wyskiel, D.C. & Boeri, R.L. RIFM report number 50652 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib60","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2004). Repeated insult patch test with benzyl benzoate. RIFM report number 47159 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib61","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2005). Benzyl benzoate diluted with vehicle 1:3 ETOH:DEP: Local Lymph Node Assay. RIFM report number 47377 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib62","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2009). Micronucleus assay in bone marrow cells of the mouse with benzaldehyde. RIFM report number 56531 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib63","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2016a). Phenethyl benzoate: Reverse mutation assay 'Ames test' using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. RIFM report number 71131 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib64","unstructured":"RIFM (Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc.). (2016b). Phenethyl benzoate: Micronucleus test in human lymphocytes in vitro. RIFM report number 71132 (RIFM, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib65","article-title":"RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzyl benzoate, CAS Registry Number 120-51-4","volume":"144","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib66","volume":"43","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exposure Survey"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1021\/tx700024w","article-title":"Mechanistic applicability domain classification of a local lymph node assay dataset for skin sensitization","volume":"20","author":"Roberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemical Research in Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1021\/ci100050t","article-title":"Extended-Connectivity Fingerprints","volume":"50","author":"Rogers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.05.017","article-title":"Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products","volume":"72","author":"Safford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105545","article-title":"Corrigendum to \"Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products\"","author":"Safford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.02.021","article-title":"Application of the expanded Creme RIFM consumer exposure model to fragrance ingredients in cosmetic, personal care and air care products","volume":"86","author":"Safford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.05.016","article-title":"A strategy for structuring and reporting a read-across prediction of toxicity","volume":"72","author":"Schultz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib73","unstructured":"Schunk, H.H., Shibamoto, T., Tan, H.K. & C-I.Wei. (1986). Biological and chemical studies on photochemical products obtained from eugenol, benzyl acetate and benzyl benzoate. In: Developments in Food Science. Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective, 1045-1068."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.09.015","article-title":"An in silico skin absorption model for fragrance materials","volume":"74","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337221086133","article-title":"Toxicity of benzyl benzoate as a food additive and pharmaceutical agent","volume":"38","author":"Suloglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology and Industrial Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.12.008","article-title":"Assessing skin sensitization hazard in mice and men using non-animal test methods","volume":"71","author":"Urbisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib77","unstructured":"US EPA (2012a). Estimation Programs Interface Suite for Microsoft Windows, v4.0\u2013v4.11, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448_bib78","unstructured":"US EPA (2012b). The ECOSAR (ECOlogical Structure Activity Relationship) Class Program for Microsoft Windows, v2.0, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA."}],"container-title":["Food and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526005235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278691526005235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:30:07Z","timestamp":1791934207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278691526005235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0278691526005235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-6915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-6915","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzyl benzoate, CAS Registry Number 120-51-4","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116448","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116448"}}