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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a newly synthesized complex of chromium with phenylalanine, Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> on insulin\u2010signaling and glucose tolerance. Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was synthesized by chelating chromium(III) with <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010phenylalanine ligand in aqueous solution. In mouse 3T3\u2010adipocytes, Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> augmented insulin\u2010stimulated glucose\u2010uptake as assessed by a radioactive\u2010glucose uptake assay. At the molecular level, Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> enhanced insulin\u2010stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in a time\u2010 and concentration\u2010dependent manner without altering the phosphorylation of insulin receptor. Oral treatment with Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (150 \u03bcg\/kg\/d, for six weeks) in <jats:italic>ob\/ob<\/jats:italic>(+\/+) obese mice significantly alleviated glucose tolerance compared with untreated obese mice. Unlike chromium picolinate, Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> does not cleave DNA under physiological reducing conditions. Collectively, these data suggest that Cr(pa)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> may represent a novel, less\u2010toxic chromium supplement with potential therapeutic value to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in type II diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.01.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]],"date-time":"2005-02-08T15:14:38Z","timestamp":1107875678000},"page":"1458-1464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["A newly synthetic chromium complex \u2013 chromium(phenylalanine)<sub>3<\/sub> improves insulin responsiveness and reduces whole body glucose tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"579","author":[{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamalakannan","family":"Palanichamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyn C.","family":"Ontko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.N.A.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy X.","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nair","family":"Sreejayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2004.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Anderson R.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.11.1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.12.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.15.8529845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00378-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90222-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx9900167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.7.1365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00945718908048118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Abdel-Monem M.M. 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