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Less robust susceptibility effects have been reported for non\u2010MHC related genetic variants. Improvements in the design of epidemiological studies helped to identify consistent environmental risk\u2010associations such as the increased susceptibility for MS in individuals with a history of infectious mononucleosis, a symptomatic primary infection with the human \u03b3\u2010herpesvirus Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV). Sun exposure and serum vitamin D levels are emerging non\u2010infectious environmental risk factors that may have independent roles. The analysis of environmental effects will likely expand in the next few years and will allow for the generation of testable hypotheses as to how environmental insults interact with genetic factors to jointly determine the susceptibility to MS. 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