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Despite their structural and functional complexity, no CNT homologs are currently known outside <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>. Here, we report the first homologs of <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> CNTs within the genome of the rice fermentation organism <jats:italic>Weissella oryzae<\/jats:italic> SG25. One gene in <jats:italic>W. oryzae<\/jats:italic> S25 encodes a protein with a four\u2010domain architecture and HExxH protease motif common to botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). An adjacent gene with partial similarity to CNTs is also present, and both genes seem to have been laterally transferred into the <jats:italic>W. oryzae<\/jats:italic> genome from an unknown source. Identification of mobile, CNT\u2010related genes outside of <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> has implications for our understanding of the evolution of this important toxin family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T05:40:52Z","timestamp":1419313252000},"page":"342-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Botulinum neurotoxin homologs in non\u2010<i>Clostridium<\/i> species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"589","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy B.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Doxey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic diversity within Clostridium botulinum serotypes, botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters and toxin subtypes","volume":"364","author":"Hill K.K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. 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