{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:49:58Z","timestamp":1791056998060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,4]],"date-time":"2005-01-04T07:16:53Z","timestamp":1104823013000},"page":"69-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Biological importance of the two Toll-like receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, in macrophage response to infection with\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Blasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Neglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pezzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Colombari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Radzioch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cossarizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Volpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Del","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Peppoloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359","article-title":"Innate immune recognition","volume":"20","author":"Janeway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.2001.00458.x","article-title":"Roles of Toll-like receptors in innate immune responses","volume":"6","author":"Takeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.11.003","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and innate antifungal responses","volume":"12","author":"Roeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1103543","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and the host defense against microbial pathogens: bringing specificity to the innate-immune system","volume":"75","author":"Netea","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200109000-00004","article-title":"Toll-like receptors as sensors of pathogens","volume":"50","author":"Hallman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(00)01842-1","article-title":"Specificity in the innate response: pathogen recognition by Toll-like receptor combination","volume":"22","author":"O'Neil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.1","article-title":"Cutting edge: recognition of Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2","volume":"163","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80119-3","article-title":"Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components","volume":"11","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17406","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.25.17406","article-title":"Peptidoglycan- and lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by toll-like receptor 2","volume":"274","author":"Schwandner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6748","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.12.6748","article-title":"The CD14 ligands lipoarabinomannan and lipopolysaccharide differ in their requirement for Toll-like receptors","volume":"163","author":"Means","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.5.2382","article-title":"Cutting edge: inflammatory signaling by Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins is mediated by toll-like receptor 2","volume":"163","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00201-9","article-title":"The role of Toll-like receptor 2 in microbial disease and immunity","volume":"21","author":"Wetzler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5396","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","article-title":"Defective LPS signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene","volume":"282","author":"Poltorak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB14","first-page":"143","article-title":"Positional cloning of Lps, and the general role of toll-like receptors in the innate immune response","volume":"11","author":"Beutler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39320","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201683200","article-title":"Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in response to Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"277","author":"Mambula","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4620","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates intracellular signaling without TNF-alpha release in response to Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule","volume":"166","author":"Shoham","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"6832","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/35074106","article-title":"The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5","volume":"410","author":"Hayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6813","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5343","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5343.1612","article-title":"IRAK (Pelle) family member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL-1 signaling","volume":"278","author":"Muzio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80402-1","article-title":"MyD88: an adapter that recruits IRAK to the IL-1 receptor complex","volume":"7","author":"Wesche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80136-7","article-title":"MyD88 is an adaptor protein in the hToll\/IL-1 receptor family signaling pathways","volume":"2","author":"Medzhitov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1086\/340511","article-title":"The role of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in the host defense against disseminated candidiasis","volume":"185","author":"Netea","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.020","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-2 is essential in murine defenses against Candida albicans infections","volume":"6","author":"Villamon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3712","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 suppresses immunity against Candida albicans through induction of IL-10 and regulatory T cells","volume":"172","author":"Netea","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3059","article-title":"The contribution of the Toll-like\/IL-1 receptor superfamily to innate and adaptive immunity to fungal pathogens in vivo","volume":"172","author":"Bellocchio","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2402-2406.2001","article-title":"Involvement of CD14 and toll-like receptors in activation of human monocytes by Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13766","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.250476497","article-title":"The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors","volume":"97","author":"Ozinsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6755","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/44605","article-title":"The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens","volume":"401","author":"Underhill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5609","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078231","article-title":"Toll pathway-dependent blockade of CD4+CD25+ T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells","volume":"299","author":"Pasare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1179\/096805102125001073","article-title":"Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors","volume":"8","author":"Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5392","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5392","article-title":"Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"165","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5280","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.9.5280-5286.2003","article-title":"Differential role of MyD88 in macrophage-mediated responses to opportunistic fungal pathogens","volume":"71","author":"Marr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80119-3","article-title":"Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial wall components","volume":"11","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.19.1492","article-title":"Heterogeneity oh hemopoietic cells immortalized by v-raf\/v-myc recombinant retrovirus infection of bone marrow or fetal liver","volume":"81","author":"Cox","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"6047","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/318667a0","article-title":"Selective immortalization of murine macrophages from fresh bone marrow by a raf\/myc recombinant murine retrovirus","volume":"318","author":"Blasi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80596-8","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function","volume":"9","author":"Adachi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6308","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6308","article-title":"Regulation of toll-like receptor 2 expression by macrophages following Mycobacterium avium infection","volume":"165","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.58.4.1073-1077.1990","article-title":"Augmentation of GG2EE macrophage cell line-mediated anti-Candida activity by gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1","volume":"58","author":"Blasi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7886456","article-title":"Development of a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection that mimics human disease","volume":"267","author":"Marchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1086\/378675","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated human macrophage apoptosis after bacterial internalization via complement and Fcgamma receptors correlates with intracellular bacterial load","volume":"188","author":"Ali","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.002253","article-title":"Receptor-dependent mechanisms of cell stimulation by bacterial endotoxin","volume":"13","author":"Ulevitch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80086-2","article-title":"Unresponsiveness of MyD88-deficient mice to endotoxin","volume":"11","author":"Kawai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3132","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 plays a role in the early inflammatory response to murine pneumococcal pneumonia but does not contribute to antibacterial defense","volume":"172","author":"Knapp","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.788-794.2004","article-title":"Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in gram-positive and gram-negative pneumonia in mice","volume":"72","author":"Branger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02727.x","article-title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae- and Candida albicans-derived mannan induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by human monocytes in a CD14- and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner","volume":"46","author":"Tada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1086\/375784","article-title":"Candida albicans phospholipomannan is sensed through toll-like receptors","volume":"188","author":"Jouault","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005-BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxf069","article-title":"Variable expression of Toll-like receptor in murine innate and adaptive immune cell lines","volume":"14","author":"Applequist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."}],"container-title":["FEMS Immunology &amp; Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femspd\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/69\/19167833\/44-1-69.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T07:00:18Z","timestamp":1682924418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femspd\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0928-8244","1574-695X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0928-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1574-695X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}