{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:55:35Z","timestamp":1791525335976,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6690,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,10]],"date-time":"2004-02-10T05:17:53Z","timestamp":1076390273000},"page":"424-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Varicocele: a bilateral disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Yigal","family":"Gat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil N","family":"Bachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zvi","family":"Zukerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Belenky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gornish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596844","article-title":"Anatomic variants of the spermatic vein","volume":"198","author":"Lenz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199501000-00029","article-title":"The correlation of the internal spermatic vein palpability with ultrasonographic diameter and reversal of venous flow","volume":"153","author":"Hoekstra","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64403-3","article-title":"Repair versus observation in adolescent varicocele","volume":"158","author":"Paduch","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.160.2.3523594","article-title":"Varicoceles","volume":"160","author":"Hamm","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00452-4","article-title":"Color Doppler ultrasound criteria to diagnose varicoceles","volume":"50","author":"Chiou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02926846","article-title":"The role of spermatic venography after surgical high ligation of the left spermatic veins","volume":"7","author":"Morag","year":"1985","journal-title":"Urol Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.1.112","article-title":"The adolescent varicocele","volume":"100","author":"Skoog","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB8","series-title":"Laboratory manual for the examination of human and semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/89.3.321","article-title":"The adolescent varicocele\u2014a histopathologic study of 13 testicular biopsies","volume":"89","author":"Jones","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38823-7","article-title":"Testicular and vascular changes in children and adults with varicocele","volume":"142","author":"Hadziselimovic","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)38400-X","article-title":"Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility","volume":"22","author":"Dubin","year":"1971","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59432-1","article-title":"What is the incidence of varicocele in a fertile population?","volume":"48","author":"Kursh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45827-7","article-title":"Scrotal ultrasound of infertile man","volume":"135","author":"McClure","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)47184-0","article-title":"Comparison of Doppler examination and retrograde spermatic venography in the diagnosis of varicocele","volume":"40","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000473358","article-title":"The value of retrograde spermatic phlebography in varicocele","volume":"6","author":"Bigot","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)37684-1","article-title":"Varicocele size and results of varicolectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele","volume":"21","author":"Dubin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB17","first-page":"565","article-title":"Interet de la phlebographie spermatique dans le diagnostic das sterilites d'origine circulatorie comparasion avec les donnes cliniques, thermographiques et anatomiques","volume":"21","author":"Chatel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB18","first-page":"111","article-title":"The varicocele and its effect on fertility","volume":"24","author":"Cockett","year":"1984","journal-title":"Contemp Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-199907000-00021","article-title":"Comparison of bilateral versus unilateral varicolectomy in men with palpable bilateral varicoceles","volume":"162","author":"Scherr","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00178-2","article-title":"Treatment of varicocele","volume":"52","author":"Abdulmaaboud","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1177\/028418516600400601","article-title":"Right and left gonadal veins. An anatomical and statistical study","volume":"4","author":"Ahlberg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38450-1","article-title":"Detailed anatomy of the internal spermatic vein and the ovarian vein. Human cadaver study and operative spermatic venography","volume":"145","author":"Wishahi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)40032-4","article-title":"Studies in temperature, human semen quality, and varicocele","volume":"24","author":"Zorgniotti","year":"1973","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38874-2","article-title":"Elevation of intratesticular and scrotal skin surface temperature in men with varicocele","volume":"142","author":"Goldstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/01485018908986765","article-title":"Biochemical changes in testicular varicocele","volume":"22","author":"Fujisawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1981.tb00722.x","article-title":"Radiological anatomy of the internal spermatic veins in 200 retrograde venogram","volume":"4","author":"Comhaire","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36203-1","article-title":"Relationship between varicocele size and response to varicolectomy","volume":"149","author":"Steckel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su LM, Goldstein M, Schlegel PN. The effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone levels in infertile men with varicocele. J Urol 1995;154:1752\u20135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66776-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cayan S, Kadioglu A, Orhan I, et al. The effect of microsurgical varicolectomy on serum follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and free testosterone levels in infertile men with varicocele. BJU International 1999;84:1046\u20139.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00353.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13503-9","article-title":"Assessment of efficacy of varicocele repair for male subfertility: a systematic review","volume":"361","author":"Evers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gat Y, Zukerman Z, Bachar GN, Feldberg D, Gornish M. Adolescent varicocele: is it a unilateral disease? J Urol 2003;62:742\u20137. Discussion, 746; Reply by the authors, 746\u20137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00793-3"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028203028486?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015028203028486?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T06:59:06Z","timestamp":1758005946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015028203028486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0015028203028486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Varicocele: a bilateral disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}