{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:22:42Z","timestamp":1767838962581,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5139,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","fertstert.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1185958529000},"page":"1497-1506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mimi","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Fahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Wira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00248.x","article-title":"Epithelial cells in the female reproductive tract: a central role as sentinels of immune protection","volume":"53","author":"Wira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib2","first-page":"S17","article-title":"The vaginal microbial ecosystem and resistance to HIV","volume":"14","author":"Hillier","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00019-0","article-title":"The innate and early immune response to pathogen challenge in the female genital tract and the pivotal role of epithelial cells","volume":"57","author":"Quayle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib4","first-page":"121","article-title":"TLR2: cellular sensor for microbial and endogenous molecular patterns","volume":"270","author":"Kirschning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/35074106","article-title":"The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5","volume":"410","author":"Hayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3221-3226.2003","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-mimetic activities of a Toll-like receptor 2-stimulatory substance(s) in enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide preparations","volume":"71","author":"Muroi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1011","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes a conserved site on flagellin required for protofilament formation and bacterial motility","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80119-3","article-title":"Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components","volume":"11","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00098-0","article-title":"TLR6: A novel member of an expanding toll-like receptor family","volume":"231","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093616","article-title":"Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA","volume":"303","author":"Diebold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093620","article-title":"Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8","volume":"303","author":"Heil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/ni758","article-title":"Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"3","author":"Hemmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0602-499","article-title":"Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848","volume":"3","author":"Jurk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6646","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0631696100","article-title":"Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll-like receptor 7","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/nm732","article-title":"Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice","volume":"8","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12542","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310175200","article-title":"mRNA is an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 3","volume":"279","author":"Kariko","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(00)00289-X","article-title":"Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells","volume":"1518","author":"Chuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094351","article-title":"A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2424","article-title":"Response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae by cervicovaginal epithelial cells occurs in the absence of toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling","volume":"168","author":"Fichorova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh775","article-title":"Characterization of Toll-like receptors in the female reproductive tract in humans","volume":"20","author":"Fazeli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/HUMREP\/11.3.627","article-title":"The dynamics of rapid sperm transport through the female genital tract: evidence from vaginal sonography of uterine peristalsis and hysterosalpingoscintigraphy","volume":"11","author":"Kunz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.992","article-title":"Innate immunity in the human female reproductive tract: antiviral response of uterine epithelial cells to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C)","volume":"174","author":"Schaefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01898.x","article-title":"Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and TLR-mediated cytokine\/chemokine production by human uterine epithelial cells","volume":"112","author":"Schaefer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.050690","article-title":"Expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and responsiveness to TLR agonists by polarized mouse uterine epithelial cells in culture","volume":"75","author":"Soboll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3131::AID-IMMU3131>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Human Toll-like receptor 2 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 in response to bacterial lipoprotein","volume":"31","author":"Birchler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46252","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306587200","article-title":"The Lip lipoprotein from Neisseria gonorrhoeae stimulates cytokine release and NF-kappaB activation in epithelial cells in a Toll-like receptor 2-dependent manner","volume":"278","author":"Fisette","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0950fje","article-title":"Bacterial DNA evokes epithelial IL-8 production by a MAPK-dependent, NF-kappaB-independent pathway","volume":"17","author":"Akhtar","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.000541","article-title":"Defensins: antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides of mammalian cells","volume":"11","author":"Lehrer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(01)00303-X","article-title":"Defensins of vertebrate animals","volume":"14","author":"Lehrer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410100433","article-title":"Identification of a novel, multifunctional beta-defensin (human beta-defensin 3) with specific antimicrobial activity. Its interaction with plasma membranes of Xenopus oocytes and the induction of macrophage chemoattraction","volume":"306","author":"Garcia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0865fje","article-title":"Human beta-defensin 4: a novel inducible peptide with a specific salt-sensitive spectrum of antimicrobial activity","volume":"15","author":"Garcia","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.4.341","article-title":"Regulation of natural antibiotic expression by inflammatory mediators and mimics of infection in human endometrial epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1861","article-title":"Human beta-defensin-1: an antimicrobial peptide of urogenital tissues","volume":"101","author":"Valore","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.5.691","article-title":"Participation of mammalian defensins and cathelicidins in anti-microbial immunity: receptors and activities of human defensins and cathelicidin (LL-37)","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.64.081501.134340","article-title":"[beta]-defensins in lung host defense","volume":"64","author":"Schutte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078708","article-title":"Immunology. Versatile defensins","volume":"298","author":"Ganz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008557200","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of human beta-defensin-3, a novel human inducible peptide antibiotic","volume":"276","author":"Harder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.525","article-title":"Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6","volume":"286","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00354-0","article-title":"Links between innate and adaptive immunity via type I interferon","volume":"14","author":"Le Bon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6112","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203127","article-title":"PKR; a sentinel kinase for cellular stress","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1994.14.101","article-title":"Fascination with 2-5A-dependent RNase: a unique enzyme that functions in interferon action","volume":"14","author":"Silverman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Interferon Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2002.31003.x","article-title":"Interferon-induced MX proteins: dynamin-like GTPases with antiviral activity","volume":"3","author":"Haller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6355","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.21.6355","article-title":"Interferon action and apoptosis are defective in mice devoid of 2\u2032,5\u2032-oligoadenylate-dependent RNase L","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90403-D","article-title":"Expression cloning of 2-5A-dependent RNAase: a uniquely regulated mediator of interferon action","volume":"72","author":"Zhou","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(78)90397-2","article-title":"Inhibition of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA in reticulocyte lysates: evidence for activation of an endoribonuclease","volume":"83","author":"Clemens","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0320952","article-title":"RNA interference and double-stranded-RNA-activated pathways","volume":"32","author":"Sledz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib48","first-page":"273","article-title":"Subversion of host defense mechanisms by adenoviruses","volume":"269","author":"Burgert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib49","first-page":"171","article-title":"Counteraction of interferon-induced antiviral responses by herpes simplex viruses","volume":"269","author":"Leib","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-2-65","article-title":"Dual role of TRBP in HIV replication and RNA interference: viral diversion of a cellular pathway or evasion from antiviral immunity?","volume":"2","author":"Gatignol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9738","article-title":"Interferon action in triply deficient mice reveals the existence of alternative antiviral pathways","volume":"258","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00465.x","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells in the human female reproductive tract: analysis of antigen presentation in pre- and post-menopausal women","volume":"42","author":"Fahey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139809089454","article-title":"Secretory component production by polarized epithelial cells from the human female reproductive tract","volume":"27","author":"Fahey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.01.104","article-title":"Secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 by human uterine epithelium directs monocyte migration in culture","volume":"84","author":"Meter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1941-6_79","article-title":"Secretory component production by rat uterine epithelial cells in culture","volume":"371A","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60621-6","article-title":"Quantitative mRNA expression analysis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using 5\u2032 nuclease quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"2","author":"Godfrey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00823.x","article-title":"An early event in the herpes simplex virus type-2 replication cycle is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence","volume":"9","author":"Deka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00298.x","article-title":"Migration inhibitory factor secretion by polarized uterine epithelial cells is enhanced in response to the TLR3 agonist poly (I:C)","volume":"54","author":"Schaefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh806","article-title":"Secretion of cytokines and chemokines by polarized human epithelial cells from the female reproductive tract","volume":"20","author":"Fahey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.667","article-title":"Sonographic evidence for the involvement of the utero-ovarian counter-current system in the ovarian control of directed uterine sperm transport","volume":"4","author":"Kunz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.647","article-title":"Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin","volume":"4","author":"Kunz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5913-9_49","article-title":"The uterine peristaltic pump. Normal and impeded sperm transport within the female genital tract","volume":"424","author":"Kunz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib63","first-page":"355","article-title":"Method for measurement of peristaltic transport of vaginal fluids to the uterine cavity: implications for subclinical infection and anti-microbial intervention","volume":"49","author":"Parsons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890160109","article-title":"Presence of HBV DNA in spermatozoa: a possible vertical transmission of HBV via the germ line","volume":"16","author":"Hadchouel","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib65","first-page":"391","article-title":"Detection of herpes simplex virus DNA in human spermatozoa by in situ hybridization technique","volume":"12","author":"Kotronias","year":"1998","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(200006)56:2+<238::AID-MRD5>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Spermatozoon as a vehicle for HIV-1 and other viruses: a review","volume":"56","author":"Piomboni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5799-5806.2004","article-title":"Differential expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in tissues of the human female reproductive tract","volume":"72","author":"Pioli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00106-8","article-title":"Rhinovirus increases human beta-defensin-2 and -3 mRNA expression in cultured bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Duits","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.420","article-title":"Defensins and host defense","volume":"286","author":"Ganz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1089\/10430349950018355","article-title":"Epithelial defensins impair adenoviral infection: implication for adenovirus-mediated gene therapy","volume":"10","author":"Gropp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F39","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311070-00001","article-title":"Human epithelial beta-defensins 2 and 3 inhibit HIV-1 replication","volume":"17","author":"Quinones-Mateu","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700020","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa- and IL-1beta-mediated induction of human beta-defensin-2 in keratinocytes is controlled by NF-kappaB and AP-1","volume":"126","author":"Wehkamp","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.778-809.2001","article-title":"Antiviral actions of interferons","volume":"14","author":"Samuel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.09.159","article-title":"Mechanism of up-regulation of human Toll-like receptor 3 secondary to infection of measles virus-attenuated strains","volume":"311","author":"Tanabe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2363","article-title":"Regulation of IFN-alpha\/beta, MxA, 2\u2032,5\u2032-oligoadenylate synthetase, and HLA gene expression in influenza A-infected human lung epithelial cells","volume":"158","author":"Ronni","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021522","article-title":"Dendritic cell responses to early murine cytomegalovirus infection: subset functional specialization and differential regulation by interferon alpha\/beta","volume":"197","author":"Dalod","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00241-7","article-title":"NK cells and NKT cells in innate defense against viral infections","volume":"13","author":"Biron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.917307.x","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in innate immunity","volume":"173","author":"Bogdan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.10.1777","article-title":"Type I interferon as a powerful adjuvant for monocyte-derived dendritic cell development and activity in vitro and in Hu-PBL-SCID mice","volume":"191","author":"Santini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3337","article-title":"Intracellularly expressed TLR2s and TLR4s contribution to an immunosilent environment at the ocular mucosal epithelium","volume":"173","author":"Ueta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1609","article-title":"Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide","volume":"167","author":"Abreu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000198081.09337.a7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"20","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00389.x","article-title":"Human oviductal stromal fibroblasts, but not oviductal epithelial cells, express Toll-like receptor 4: the site-specific mucosal immunity of the human Fallopian tube against bacterial infection","volume":"56","author":"Itoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00381.x","article-title":"Effect of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists on TLR and microbicide expression in uterine and vaginal tissues of the mouse","volume":"55","author":"Soboll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del385","article-title":"Human oviductal epithelial cells express Toll-like receptor 3 and respond to double-stranded RNA: Fallopian tube-specific mucosal immunity against viral infection","volume":"22","author":"Nasu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Fertility and Sterility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502820701148X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001502820701148X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:24:40Z","timestamp":1758007480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001502820701148X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S001502820701148X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-0282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-0282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fertility and Sterility","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}